100th Year of the Health Policies

Merve Kayaduvar

Makale detayları

100th Year of the Health Policies

Yazarlar:

Merve Kayaduvar

Yayıncı:

Ahmet Arif EREN

Ana Başlıklar:

Kamu Politikası | Kamu Yönetimi | Sağlık Politikası

Dergi:

Fiscaoeconomia Vol.7 Issue Özel Sayı, pp.526-551

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001302195

pISSN:

2564-7504

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The organization of the centralized public health services plays a significant role during the construction of modern nation states. Similarly, during the construction of the modern Turkish state, the organization of public health services, especially the health institutions necessary to combat epidemics, played an important role. While there were developments such as the establishment of health service organizations and the production of national vaccines and medicines from the foundation of the republic until the end of World War II, in the post-war period the insurance institutions were established and it was aimed to expand the public health services with the socialization practices. While with the abandonment of socialization practices in the 1970s, health services became dependent on the market, the process of marketization in health both was accelerated and deepened with the neoliberal policies that dominated the world in the 1980s. Health services underwent radical changes in all areas from financing to organizational structure, from employment to service delivery with the 2003 Health Transformation Programme. As a complement to this fundamental transformation in health services, the City Hospitals project was started to be implemented in 2005 as a Public Private Partnership model, which is described as the Second Phase of Health Transformation Programme. This study aims to address the changes and transformations that health services have undergone in the 100 years since the foundation of the republic. Such a historical evaluation is only possible if the projections of the economic and political transformations in Turkey on health services are taken into consideration. Therefore, the health policies implemented in the period from the early years of the republic to the present day are analyzed together with the transformations in the economic and political structures behind them. In addition, the study aims to reveal the current state of health policies and public health services shaped by these policies and the problems of this current situation in the 100th anniversary of the republic.

 The organization of the centralized public health services plays a significant role during the construction of modern nation states. Similarly, during the construction of the modern Turkish state, the organization of public health services, especially the health institutions necessary to combat epidemics, played an important role. While there were developments such as the establishment of health service organizations and the production of national vaccines and medicines from the foundation of the republic until the end of World War II, in the post-war period the insurance institutions were established and it was aimed to expand the public health services with the socialization practices. While with the abandonment of socialization practices in the 1970s, health services became dependent on the market, the process of marketization in health both was accelerated and deepened with the neoliberal policies that dominated the world in the 1980s. Health services underwent radical changes in all areas from financing to organizational structure, from employment to service delivery with the 2003 Health Transformation Programme. As a complement to this fundamental transformation in health services, the City Hospitals project was started to be implemented in 2005 as a Public Private Partnership model, which is described as the Second Phase of Health Transformation Programme. This study aims to address the changes and transformations that health services have undergone in the 100 years since the foundation of the republic. Such a historical evaluation is only possible if the projections of the economic and political transformations in Turkey on health services are taken into consideration. Therefore, the health policies implemented in the period from the early years of the republic to the present day are analyzed together with the transformations in the economic and political structures behind them. In addition, the study aims to reveal the current state of health policies and public health services shaped by these policies and the problems of this current situation in the 100th anniversary of the republic.

 The organization of the centralized public health services plays a significant role during the construction of modern nation states. Similarly, during the construction of the modern Turkish state, the organization of public health services, especially the health institutions necessary to combat epidemics, played an important role. While there were developments such as the establishment of health service organizations and the production of national vaccines and medicines from the foundation of the republic until the end of World War II, in the post-war period the insurance institutions were established and it was aimed to expand the public health services with the socialization practices. While with the abandonment of socialization practices in the 1970s, health services became dependent on the market, the process of marketization in health both was accelerated and deepened with the neoliberal policies that dominated the world in the 1980s. Health services underwent radical changes in all areas from financing to organizational structure, from employment to service delivery with the 2003 Health Transformation Programme. As a complement to this fundamental transformation in health services, the City Hospitals project was started to be implemented in 2005 as a Public Private Partnership model, which is described as the Second Phase of Health Transformation Programme. This study aims to address the changes and transformations that health services have undergone in the 100 years since the foundation of the republic. Such a historical evaluation is only possible if the projections of the economic and political transformations in Turkey on health services are taken into consideration. Therefore, the health policies implemented in the period from the early years of the republic to the present day are analyzed together with the transformations in the economic and political structures behind them. In addition, the study aims to reveal the current state of health policies and public health services shaped by these policies and the problems of this current situation in the 100th anniversary of the republic.

 Modern ulus devletlerin inşasında merkezi kamusal sağlık hizmetlerinin örgütlenmesi önemli bir işlev görmektedir. Benzer şekilde, modern Türk devletinin inşasında da kamusal sağlık hizmetlerinin özellikle salgın hastalıklarla mücadele için gerekli sağlık kuruluşlarının örgütlenmesi önemli bir rol üstlenmiştir. Cumhuriyetin kuruluşundan İkinci Dünya Savaşının sonuna kadarki dönemde sağlık hizmeti örgütlerinin kurulması, ulusal aşı ve ilaç üretimi gibi gelişmeler yaşanırken, savaş sonrası dönemde sigorta kurumları kurulmuş, Sosyalleştirme uygulamaları ile kamusal sağlık hizmetlerinin yaygınlaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Sosyalleştirme uygulamalarının 1970li yıllarda terk edilmeye başlanmasıyla sağlık hizmetleri piyasaya bağımlı hale gelirken, sağlıkta piyasalaşma süreci, 1980lerde tüm dünyada egemen olan neoliberal politikalarla birlikte hem hız kazanmış hem de derinleşmiştir. 2003 yılında uygulamaya geçirilen Sağlıkta Dönüşüm Programı ile sağlık hizmetleri finansmandan, örgüt yapısına, istihdam biçiminden hizmet sunumuna her alanda köklü değişikliklere uğramıştır. Sağlık hizmetlerinde yaşanan bu temel dönüşümün tamamlayıcısı olarak 2005 yılında Sağlıkta Dönüşümün İkinci Fazı olarak nitelendirilen Kamu Özel Ortaklığı modeli olarak Şehir Hastaneleri projesi hayata geçirilmiştir. Bu çalışma, sağlık hizmetlerinin Cumhuriyetin kuruluşundan itibaren 100 yıl içerisinde geçirdiği değişim ve dönüşümleri ele almayı amaçlamaktadır. Böyle bir tarihsel değerlendirme ancak Türkiyede yaşanan ekonomik ve siyasi dönüşümlerin sağlık hizmetleri üzerindeki izdüşümlerinin göz önünde bulundurulması ile mümkündür. Dolayısıyla, çalışmada Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarından günümüze kadar geçen dönemde uygulanan sağlık politikaları arkasında yatan iktisadi ve siyasi yapılardaki dönüşümlerle birlikte ele alınmaktadır. Ayrıca çalışma, Cumhuriyetin 100. yılında sağlık politikalarının ve bu politikalarla şekillendirilen kamusal sağlık hizmetlerinin geldiği durumu ve bu mevcut durumun sorunlarını ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır.

Makale detayları

100th Year of the Health Policies

Yazarlar:

Merve Kayaduvar

Yayıncı:

Ahmet Arif EREN

Ana Başlıklar:

Kamu Politikası | Kamu Yönetimi | Sağlık Politikası

Dergi:

Fiscaoeconomia Vol.7 Issue Özel Sayı, pp.526-551

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001302195

pISSN:

2564-7504

Health Policies

Marketization

Public Health ServicesSağlık Politikaları

Piyasalaşma

Kamusal Sağlık Hizmetleri

Sayı

Makale detayları

100th Year of the Health Policies

Yazarlar: Merve Kayaduvar

Yayıncı: Ahmet Arif EREN

Ana Başlıklar: Kamu Politikası | Kamu Yönetimi | Sağlık Politikası

Dergi: Fiscaoeconomia Vol.7 Issue Özel Sayı, pp.526-551

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 10/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001302195

pISSN: 2564-7504

Health Policies

Marketization

Public Health ServicesSağlık Politikaları

Piyasalaşma

Kamusal Sağlık Hizmetleri

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Merve Kayaduvar

Yayıncı:

Ahmet Arif EREN

Ana Başlıklar:

Kamu Politikası | Kamu Yönetimi | Sağlık Politikası

Dergi:

Fiscaoeconomia Vol.7 Issue Özel Sayı, pp.526-551

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001302195

pISSN:

2564-7504