The State- Capital Relations in the 19th -Century Ottoman Economy: The Case of Foreign Railways

Başak Ergüder

Makale detayları

The State- Capital Relations in the 19th -Century Ottoman Economy: The Case of Foreign Railways

Yazarlar:

Başak Ergüder

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Makro İktisat (Diğer)

Dergi:

Maliye Çalışmaları Dergisi Issue 70, pp.46-60

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001305615

pISSN:

2757-6396

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 This study examines the economic developments and their implications on subordinate financialization in the 19 ℎ- century Ottoman economy through the example of foreign railway investments. Foreign railway investments intensified in the Ottoman Empire in the 19 ℎ-century, when the world economy experienced the first era of modern globalization. In the first era of modern globalization 1870-1914, foreign direct investments, public debt management, and the commercialization of land by arazi kanunnameleri land laws were the developments that accelerated the Ottoman Empires transition to capitalism. Foreign railway investments contributed to the transition of the Ottoman economy to a market economy by generating the capitalist mode of production within the Ottoman economy. This study aims to analyze the contribution of foreign railway investments to the integration of the Ottoman economy into capitalism in terms of state-capital relations. In this context, the first section of the study examines the role of the state in integrating the Ottoman economy into capitalism. This section also discusses the problems in agricultural production and the effects borrowing had on the integration into the world economy. The second section of the study analyzes Türkiyes foreign railway investments in terms of the level of internationalization regarding capital structure, imperialist spheres of influence, investment financing, and their economic impacts on Ottoman economics. This section analyzes the contributions investments made to financialization by revealing the relationship of Ottoman foreign borrowing with railway investments. The study also examines the role the Ottoman Public Debt Administration had regarding the railway investments. In this context, the study examines the effects that collecting the tithe tax in the regions along the railway line routes under the supervision of the Ottoman Public Debt Administration and allocating a significant part of it to a kilometer guarantee had on the Ottoman financial system. With reference to this analysis, the study aims to explain the place railway investments had regarding the Ottoman Empires relationship with capital using the concept of subordinate financialization.

 This study examines the economic developments and their implications on subordinate financialization in the 19 ℎ- century Ottoman economy through the example of foreign railway investments. Foreign railway investments intensified in the Ottoman Empire in the 19 ℎ-century, when the world economy experienced the first era of modern globalization. In the first era of modern globalization 1870-1914, foreign direct investments, public debt management, and the commercialization of land by arazi kanunnameleri land laws were the developments that accelerated the Ottoman Empires transition to capitalism. Foreign railway investments contributed to the transition of the Ottoman economy to a market economy by generating the capitalist mode of production within the Ottoman economy. This study aims to analyze the contribution of foreign railway investments to the integration of the Ottoman economy into capitalism in terms of state-capital relations. In this context, the first section of the study examines the role of the state in integrating the Ottoman economy into capitalism. This section also discusses the problems in agricultural production and the effects borrowing had on the integration into the world economy. The second section of the study analyzes Türkiyes foreign railway investments in terms of the level of internationalization regarding capital structure, imperialist spheres of influence, investment financing, and their economic impacts on Ottoman economics. This section analyzes the contributions investments made to financialization by revealing the relationship of Ottoman foreign borrowing with railway investments. The study also examines the role the Ottoman Public Debt Administration had regarding the railway investments. In this context, the study examines the effects that collecting the tithe tax in the regions along the railway line routes under the supervision of the Ottoman Public Debt Administration and allocating a significant part of it to a kilometer guarantee had on the Ottoman financial system. With reference to this analysis, the study aims to explain the place railway investments had regarding the Ottoman Empires relationship with capital using the concept of subordinate financialization.

 This study examines the economic developments and their implications on subordinate financialization in the 19 ℎ- century Ottoman economy through the example of foreign railway investments. Foreign railway investments intensified in the Ottoman Empire in the 19 ℎ-century, when the world economy experienced the first era of modern globalization. In the first era of modern globalization 1870-1914, foreign direct investments, public debt management, and the commercialization of land by arazi kanunnameleri land laws were the developments that accelerated the Ottoman Empires transition to capitalism. Foreign railway investments contributed to the transition of the Ottoman economy to a market economy by generating the capitalist mode of production within the Ottoman economy. This study aims to analyze the contribution of foreign railway investments to the integration of the Ottoman economy into capitalism in terms of state-capital relations. In this context, the first section of the study examines the role of the state in integrating the Ottoman economy into capitalism. This section also discusses the problems in agricultural production and the effects borrowing had on the integration into the world economy. The second section of the study analyzes Türkiyes foreign railway investments in terms of the level of internationalization regarding capital structure, imperialist spheres of influence, investment financing, and their economic impacts on Ottoman economics. This section analyzes the contributions investments made to financialization by revealing the relationship of Ottoman foreign borrowing with railway investments. The study also examines the role the Ottoman Public Debt Administration had regarding the railway investments. In this context, the study examines the effects that collecting the tithe tax in the regions along the railway line routes under the supervision of the Ottoman Public Debt Administration and allocating a significant part of it to a kilometer guarantee had on the Ottoman financial system. With reference to this analysis, the study aims to explain the place railway investments had regarding the Ottoman Empires relationship with capital using the concept of subordinate financialization.

 Bu çalışmada yabancı demiryolu yatırımları örneğinde 19. yüzyıl Osmanlı ekonomisinde yaşanan ekonomik gelişmeler ve bu gelişmelerin bağımlı finansallaşma üzerindeki etkileri irdelenmektedir. Geç Osmanlı döneminde yabancı demiryolu yatırımlarının yoğunlaştığı dönem, Dünya ekonomisinde ilk küreselleşme evresinin yaşandığı 19. yüzyıldı. Birinci Küreselleşme Evresinde 1870-1914 yaşanan doğrudan yabancı yatırımları, borç yönetimi sistemleri ve arazi kanunnameleri ile arazinin metalaştırılması süreci, Osmanlı İmparatorluğunun kapitalizme geçiş sürecini hızlandıran gelişmelerdi. Yabancı demiryolu yatırımları, Osmanlı ekonomisinde kapitalist üretim tarzını oluşturarak Osmanlı ekonomisinin piyasa ekonomisine geçişine katkıda bulundu. Bu çalışmada, Osmanlı ekonomisinin kapitalizme entegrasyonunda yabancı demiryolu yatırımlarının katkısı, devlet-sermaye ilişkileri açısından analiz edilmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın ilk bölümünde Osmanlı ekonomisinin kapitalizme entegrasyonunda devletin rolü incelenmektedir. Bu bölümde tarımsal üretimde yaşanan sorunlar ve borçlanma sürecinin dünya ekonomisine entegrasyon üzerindeki etkileri ele alınmaktadır. İkinci bölümde yabancı demiryolu yatırımları, yatırımı gerçekleştiren sermayelerin uluslararasılaşma düzeyi, emperyalist nüfuz alanları, yatırımların finansmanı ve Osmanlı ekonomisi üzerindeki etkileri açısından analiz edilmektedir. Bu bölümde Osmanlı dış borçlanmasının demiryolu yatırımları ile ilişkisi ortaya konularak yatırımların finansallaşma sürecine katkısı analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada Düyun-u Umumiye İdaresinin demiryolu yatırımları üzerindeki etkisi de ele alınmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, yabancı demiryolları güzergahındaki bölgelerde aşar vergisinin Düyun-u Umumiye İdaresi gözetiminde toplanması ve toplanan verginin önemli bir kısmının kilometre garantisine tahsis edilmesinin, devletin işlevleri üzerinde yarattığı etki analiz edilmektedir. Bu analizden hareketle çalışma, Osmanlı devletinin sermaye ile ilişkisinde demiryolu yatırımlarının yerini bağımlı finansallaşma kavramı ile açıklamayı hedeflemektedir.

Makale detayları

The State- Capital Relations in the 19th -Century Ottoman Economy: The Case of Foreign Railways

Yazarlar:

Başak Ergüder

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Makro İktisat (Diğer)

Dergi:

Maliye Çalışmaları Dergisi Issue 70, pp.46-60

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001305615

pISSN:

2757-6396

19th-century Ottoman economy

subordinate financialization

railway investments

globalization

capitalism19. yüzyıl Osmanlı ekonomisi

bağımlı finansallaşma

demiryolu yatırımları

küreselleşme

kapitalizm

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Başak Ergüder

Yayıncı: Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar: Makro İktisat (Diğer)

Dergi: Maliye Çalışmaları Dergisi Issue 70, pp.46-60

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 12/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001305615

pISSN: 2757-6396

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Başak Ergüder

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Makro İktisat (Diğer)

Dergi:

Maliye Çalışmaları Dergisi Issue 70, pp.46-60

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001305615

pISSN:

2757-6396