The Problem of Defining and Limiting the Responsibilities of the Muhaddiths

Ahmet Alkan

Makale detayları

The Problem of Defining and Limiting the Responsibilities of the Muhaddiths

Yazarlar:

Ahmet Alkan

Yayıncı:

Erciyes University

Ana Başlıklar:

Hadis

Dergi:

Bilimname Issue 52, pp.187-223

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001330776

pISSN:

1304-1878

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Due to the diversity of the scientific and intellectual orientations and social needs of the regions they lived in, muhaddiths generally followed different methods in receiving, narrating, and compiling hadiths. This situation has made it difficult to make generalizations about muhaddiths and their works, and has sometimes led to prejudice and incorrect evaluations about them. In this study, common rules that must be followed by scholars in the fields of hadith receiving, hadith narration, and hadith classification have been examined, and the explanation of points that will enable maximum benefit from scholars and hadith works has been aimed. A scholar of hadith is not obligated to only receive authentic hadiths. Therefore, their general tendency has been to receive hadiths from everyone without distinguishing between weak and reliable narrators. As the muhaddith narrates, receiving and avoiding actions that would harm the continuity of the hadith is the primary duty of a muhaddith. If he adheres to this rule, it cannot be said that even receiving a narration that he knows to be incorrect would harm the integrity or accuracy of the muhaddith technically. The responsibility of a hadith narrator is to declare the chain of transmission of the hadith and to narrate it with a suitable level of accuracy. For scholars of hadith, it is important not only to narrate authentic hadiths but also to transmit hadiths with high chains of transmission and rare types of narrations that are not found in everyone. Moreover, a scholar is not obligated to only narrate the authentic hadiths from among the hadiths or to declare the authenticity status of the hadiths he narrates. However, if a scholar is compiling a hadith work, he must determine the appropriate conditions for the purpose of his work and adhere to these conditions. In this respect, it is possible to say that the responsibilities of a muhaddith in the field of writing books are much greater compared to the responsibilities in the fields of transmission and narration. This is because, in addition to the responsibilities mentioned for transmission and narration, the author must meticulously determine the conditions that will lead to the realization of the writing goal and carefully select the elements in the work for each subject.

 Due to the diversity of the scientific and intellectual orientations and social needs of the regions they lived in, muhaddiths generally followed different methods in receiving, narrating, and compiling hadiths. This situation has made it difficult to make generalizations about muhaddiths and their works, and has sometimes led to prejudice and incorrect evaluations about them. In this study, common rules that must be followed by scholars in the fields of hadith receiving, hadith narration, and hadith classification have been examined, and the explanation of points that will enable maximum benefit from scholars and hadith works has been aimed. A scholar of hadith is not obligated to only receive authentic hadiths. Therefore, their general tendency has been to receive hadiths from everyone without distinguishing between weak and reliable narrators. As the muhaddith narrates, receiving and avoiding actions that would harm the continuity of the hadith is the primary duty of a muhaddith. If he adheres to this rule, it cannot be said that even receiving a narration that he knows to be incorrect would harm the integrity or accuracy of the muhaddith technically. The responsibility of a hadith narrator is to declare the chain of transmission of the hadith and to narrate it with a suitable level of accuracy. For scholars of hadith, it is important not only to narrate authentic hadiths but also to transmit hadiths with high chains of transmission and rare types of narrations that are not found in everyone. Moreover, a scholar is not obligated to only narrate the authentic hadiths from among the hadiths or to declare the authenticity status of the hadiths he narrates. However, if a scholar is compiling a hadith work, he must determine the appropriate conditions for the purpose of his work and adhere to these conditions. In this respect, it is possible to say that the responsibilities of a muhaddith in the field of writing books are much greater compared to the responsibilities in the fields of transmission and narration. This is because, in addition to the responsibilities mentioned for transmission and narration, the author must meticulously determine the conditions that will lead to the realization of the writing goal and carefully select the elements in the work for each subject.

 Due to the diversity of the scientific and intellectual orientations and social needs of the regions they lived in, muhaddiths generally followed different methods in receiving, narrating, and compiling hadiths. This situation has made it difficult to make generalizations about muhaddiths and their works, and has sometimes led to prejudice and incorrect evaluations about them. In this study, common rules that must be followed by scholars in the fields of hadith receiving, hadith narration, and hadith classification have been examined, and the explanation of points that will enable maximum benefit from scholars and hadith works has been aimed. A scholar of hadith is not obligated to only receive authentic hadiths. Therefore, their general tendency has been to receive hadiths from everyone without distinguishing between weak and reliable narrators. As the muhaddith narrates, receiving and avoiding actions that would harm the continuity of the hadith is the primary duty of a muhaddith. If he adheres to this rule, it cannot be said that even receiving a narration that he knows to be incorrect would harm the integrity or accuracy of the muhaddith technically. The responsibility of a hadith narrator is to declare the chain of transmission of the hadith and to narrate it with a suitable level of accuracy. For scholars of hadith, it is important not only to narrate authentic hadiths but also to transmit hadiths with high chains of transmission and rare types of narrations that are not found in everyone. Moreover, a scholar is not obligated to only narrate the authentic hadiths from among the hadiths or to declare the authenticity status of the hadiths he narrates. However, if a scholar is compiling a hadith work, he must determine the appropriate conditions for the purpose of his work and adhere to these conditions. In this respect, it is possible to say that the responsibilities of a muhaddith in the field of writing books are much greater compared to the responsibilities in the fields of transmission and narration. This is because, in addition to the responsibilities mentioned for transmission and narration, the author must meticulously determine the conditions that will lead to the realization of the writing goal and carefully select the elements in the work for each subject.

 Muhaddisler yaşadıkları bölgelerin ilmî ve fikrî yönelimlerini, toplumsal ihtiyaçlarının farklılığını gözettiklerinden hadislerin tahammülü, rivayeti ve telifinde genellikle farklı yöntemler takip etmişlerdir. Bu durum, muhaddisler ve eserleri ile ilgili genel çıkarımlar yapmayı zorlaştırdığı gibi onlarla ilgili bir takım ön yargıların oluşmasına da neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmada hadis tahammülü, hadis rivayeti ve hadis tasnifi alanlarının her birinde muhaddislerin tamamını bağlayıcı müşterek sorumluluklar incelenmiş, muhaddislerden ve eserlerinden faydalanmayı kolaylaştıran hususların izahı hedeflenmiştir. Bir muhaddisin sadece sahih hadisleri tahammül etme zorunluluğu yoktur. Muhaddisler çeşitli amaçlar için hadis tahammül ettiklerinden genellikle sika ve zayıf ayırmaksızın herkesten hadis almışlardır. Hadisi hocadan rivayet ettiği gibi tahammül etmek ve hadisin ittisaline zarar verecek eylemlerden kaçınmak bir muhaddisin aslî görevidir. Bu kurala riayet etmesi durumunda hatalı olduğunu bildiği rivayeti tahammül etmesinin dahi onun adalet veya zabtına zarar vereceği söylenemez. Hadis rivayet eden bir muhaddisin sorumluluğu ise hadisin isnadını zikretmek ve tahammül yöntemine uygun bir siyga tercih etmesidir. Muhaddisler için sahih hadis rivayeti önemli olduğu gibi âli isnadlı veya nevâdir türünden rivayetleri nakletmek de önemlidir. Bir muhaddisin hadisleri arasından sadece sahih bulduklarını nakletme veya rivayet ettiği hadislerin sıhhat durumunu beyan etme zorunluluğu bulunmamaktadır. Hadis eseri telif eden bir muhaddisin ise eserinin telif amacına uygun şartları belirleyerek bu şartlara riayet etmesi gerekmektedir. Bu yönüyle muhaddisin eser telifi alanındaki sorumluluklarının tahammül ve rivayet alanındaki sorumluluklarına nispeten çok daha fazla olduğu söylenebilir. Çünkü müellifin tahammül ve rivayet için zikredilen sorumluluklarına ilaveten; kendisini telif amacına ulaştıracak şartları titizlik ile belirlemesi ve eserindeki unsurları her konu için özenle seçmesi gerekmektedir.

Makale detayları

The Problem of Defining and Limiting the Responsibilities of the Muhaddiths

Yazarlar:

Ahmet Alkan

Yayıncı:

Erciyes University

Ana Başlıklar:

Hadis

Dergi:

Bilimname Issue 52, pp.187-223

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001330776

pISSN:

1304-1878

Hadith

Muhaddith

Receiving

Narration

ProblemsHadis

Muhaddis

Tahammül

Rivayet

Problemler

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Ahmet Alkan

Yayıncı: Erciyes University

Ana Başlıklar: Hadis

Dergi: Bilimname Issue 52, pp.187-223

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 10/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001330776

pISSN: 1304-1878

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Ahmet Alkan

Yayıncı:

Erciyes University

Ana Başlıklar:

Hadis

Dergi:

Bilimname Issue 52, pp.187-223

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001330776

pISSN:

1304-1878