1703 and 1704 Georgia-Abkhaz Campaign and the Cost of the Campaign

Eyüp Kul

Makale detayları

1703 and 1704 Georgia-Abkhaz Campaign and the Cost of the Campaign

Yazarlar:

Eyüp Kul

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Edebi Çalışmalar (Diğer)

Dergi:

Türkiyat Mecmuası Vol.33 Issue 2, pp.495-533

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001311569

pISSN:

2651-3188

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Georgia is a place of steep mountains and deep valleys, which led to frequent flooding. The effect of this natural structure was the main factor in armies facing serious difficulties during expeditions to the region. OttomanGeorgian relations, which started in the fifteenth century, were also strategically effective in pursuing a policy based on local feudal lords against Iran, rather than conquering the region directly. The geography of Georgia, which became the field of OttomanSafavid rivalry in time, was shared between the two states. After the Treaty of Karlowitz, going on an expedition became a recurrent issue to prevent the increasing rebel movements against the Ottoman Empire and to strengthen the Ottoman authority in the region. Indeed, the expedition in which soldiers from Erzurum, Trabzon, ÇıldırAkhaltsikhe, and Kars provinces and 1,350 members of the central army took charge under the command of Vizier Köse Halil Pasha started in 1703 and ended in the following year. In this study, the route of the expedition, the events on the expedition route, when the expedition started and when it ended, whether the expedition reached its goal, whether the Ottoman army remained in the region, what kind of measures were taken in the region at the end of the expedition, whether the old order was maintained in the region, and the cost of the expedition to the Ottoman treasury are emphasized, and the information found in the Ottoman and Georgian sources are analyzed comparatively.

 Georgia is a place of steep mountains and deep valleys, which led to frequent flooding. The effect of this natural structure was the main factor in armies facing serious difficulties during expeditions to the region. OttomanGeorgian relations, which started in the fifteenth century, were also strategically effective in pursuing a policy based on local feudal lords against Iran, rather than conquering the region directly. The geography of Georgia, which became the field of OttomanSafavid rivalry in time, was shared between the two states. After the Treaty of Karlowitz, going on an expedition became a recurrent issue to prevent the increasing rebel movements against the Ottoman Empire and to strengthen the Ottoman authority in the region. Indeed, the expedition in which soldiers from Erzurum, Trabzon, ÇıldırAkhaltsikhe, and Kars provinces and 1,350 members of the central army took charge under the command of Vizier Köse Halil Pasha started in 1703 and ended in the following year. In this study, the route of the expedition, the events on the expedition route, when the expedition started and when it ended, whether the expedition reached its goal, whether the Ottoman army remained in the region, what kind of measures were taken in the region at the end of the expedition, whether the old order was maintained in the region, and the cost of the expedition to the Ottoman treasury are emphasized, and the information found in the Ottoman and Georgian sources are analyzed comparatively.

 Georgia is a place of steep mountains and deep valleys, which led to frequent flooding. The effect of this natural structure was the main factor in armies facing serious difficulties during expeditions to the region. OttomanGeorgian relations, which started in the fifteenth century, were also strategically effective in pursuing a policy based on local feudal lords against Iran, rather than conquering the region directly. The geography of Georgia, which became the field of OttomanSafavid rivalry in time, was shared between the two states. After the Treaty of Karlowitz, going on an expedition became a recurrent issue to prevent the increasing rebel movements against the Ottoman Empire and to strengthen the Ottoman authority in the region. Indeed, the expedition in which soldiers from Erzurum, Trabzon, ÇıldırAkhaltsikhe, and Kars provinces and 1,350 members of the central army took charge under the command of Vizier Köse Halil Pasha started in 1703 and ended in the following year. In this study, the route of the expedition, the events on the expedition route, when the expedition started and when it ended, whether the expedition reached its goal, whether the Ottoman army remained in the region, what kind of measures were taken in the region at the end of the expedition, whether the old order was maintained in the region, and the cost of the expedition to the Ottoman treasury are emphasized, and the information found in the Ottoman and Georgian sources are analyzed comparatively.

 Gürcistan coğrafyası sarp dağlara, ormanlık ve derin vadilere sahip, sel baskınlarının sıklıkla yaşandığı bir yerdi. Bu doğal yapının etkisi ile bölgeye yapılan seferler, ordular için ciddi zorluklarla karşı karşıya kalınmasında ana etkendi. 15. yüzyılda başlayan Osmanlı-Gürcü ilişkileri de stratejik olarak bölgeyi doğrudan fethetmek yerine, İrana karşı yerel feodal beylere dayanan bir siyaset güdülmesinde etkili olmuştur. Zaman içinde Osmanlı-Safevi rekabet sahası haline gelen Gürcistan coğrafyası, iki devlet arasında paylaşılmış ve Güril, Dadyan, Açıkbaş meliklikleri ile Abhazya bölgesi Osmanlı tabiiyetinde bulunmuştur. Osmanlının 1683de başarısızlıkla sonuçlanan Viyana Kuşatması sonrasında dört cephede mücadelesi ve Rusyanın da bu durumdan istifade ile Karadenize yayılma planı Gürcü melikliklerini de harekete geçirmiştir. Karlofça Antlaşması sonrası Osmanlı Devletine karşı artan asi hareketlerin engellenmesi ve bölgede Osmanlı otoritesinin sağlamlaştırılması gayesiyle sefer açılması gündeme gelmiştir. Vezir Köse Halil Paşa komutasında Erzurum, Trabzon, Çıldır Ahıska ve Kars eyaletleri askerleri ve 1.350 kişilik merkezi ordu mensubunun görev aldığı sefer, 1703 yılında başlamış ve ertesi yıl sona ermiştir. Osmanlı arşiv vesikalarında Gürcistan ve Abaza, Gürcü kaynaklarında ise Büyük Türk Seferi olarak ifade edilen bu harekât ile ilgili bugüne kadar ayrıntılı bir bilgi kaynaklarda yer almamaktadır. İşte bu çalışmada seferin güzergâhı, sefer güzergâhı üzerinde yaşanan hadiseler, seferin ne zaman başlayıp ne zaman bittiği, seferin hedefine ulaşıp ulaşmadığı, Osmanlı ordusunun bölgede kalıp kalmadığı sorusuna yanıt aranacaktır. Ayrıca sefer sonunda bölgede ne gibi tedbirlerin alındığı, bölgede eski düzenin sağlanıp sağlanamadığı, varılan anlaşma şartları ile seferin Osmanlı hazinesine maliyeti üzerinde durulacak, Osmanlı ve Gürcü kaynaklarında yer alan bilgiler karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilecektir.

Makale detayları

1703 and 1704 Georgia-Abkhaz Campaign and the Cost of the Campaign

Yazarlar:

Eyüp Kul

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Edebi Çalışmalar (Diğer)

Dergi:

Türkiyat Mecmuası Vol.33 Issue 2, pp.495-533

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001311569

pISSN:

2651-3188

Ottoman Empire

Georgia

Russia

Abkhazia

Military history

warOsmanlı Devleti

Gürcistan

Rusya

Abhazya

askeri tarih

savaş

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Eyüp Kul

Yayıncı: Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar: Edebi Çalışmalar (Diğer)

Dergi: Türkiyat Mecmuası Vol.33 Issue 2, pp.495-533

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 12/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001311569

pISSN: 2651-3188

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Eyüp Kul

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Edebi Çalışmalar (Diğer)

Dergi:

Türkiyat Mecmuası Vol.33 Issue 2, pp.495-533

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001311569

pISSN:

2651-3188