Blockchain Technology and Smart Contracts: Fundamental Structure, Features and Data Security Perspective

Aybike Berber; Emre Öztürk

Makale detayları

Blockchain Technology and Smart Contracts: Fundamental Structure, Features and Data Security Perspective

Yazarlar:

Aybike Berber | Emre Öztürk

Yayıncı:

Eskişehir Osmangazi University

Ana Başlıklar:

Bilişim ve Teknoloji Hukuku

Dergi:

Periodicum Iuris Vol.2 Issue 1, pp.33-76

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

5/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001312989

pISSN:

2980-0889

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Blockchain and smart contracts are sophisticated technologies that trigger systems, including state systems, towards digital transformation and offer alternative and secure solutions to contract processes and business models thanks to the multidisciplinary structures they contain. Blockchain technology gained its main fame with the introduction of the cryptocurrency project called Bitcoin. In the Bitcoin project, which was presented by the person or persons with the pseudonym Satoshi Nakomoto, there is no need for people to trust each other or for reliable financial institutions such as banks to be involved in the process in order to make electronic money transfers. Because according to Satoshi Nakamoto, cryptographic proof is the basis, not trust. Thanks to this revolutionary development, mechanisms that had already been introduced to the literature were skilfully brought together and the blockchain 1.0 era began. The use of blockchain technology, which has a serious potential for digital transformation, has not only been limited to the field of finance, but has evolved in a way that perhaps even its developers could not have imagined. Another milestone in the evolution of blockchain is the emergence of the Ethereum blockchain. Thanks to Ethereum, smart contracts that allow the use of blockchain technology in almost every field such as health, education, supply chain and insurance have come to the fore. Blockchain-based smart contracts have attracted the attention of both the technology world and the legal world thanks to their unchangeable structure that guarantees the performance of the acts agreed by the parties, eliminates the need for intermediaries. Smart contracts that comply with the conditions required under Turkish Law are called smart legal contracts. Smart legal contracts are a sub-branch of smart contracts and are valid and binding in accordance with the principle of freedom of contract. However, smart contracts have some features that distinguish them from traditional contracts, such as self-execution and closure to interventions. This causes many problems in practice in the face of needs such as termination, modification or adaptation of the contract. In order to prevent potential problems, it is possible to take legal and technical measures called exante during the establishment of the contract. In particular, the integration of artificial intelligence and blockchain technologies may be beneficial in order to prevent code-based errors and security vulnerabilities from the very beginning. In general, it can be said that blockchain incorporates the security, confidentiality and accessibility elements required to ensure information security. However, this situation cannot be interpreted as that there will be no errors or vulnerabilities arising from the coding of smart contracts or that the risk of cyber-attacks is completely eliminated. As a result, blockchain and smart contracts are important innovations that have the potential to make a great contribution to digital transformation processes, despite the technical and legal problems they contain. Thanks to these technologies, it can be said that the need for third parties or institutions will be significantly reduced, costs will be significantly reduced, time will be saved, and transactions can be carried out effectively and reliably.

 Blockchain and smart contracts are sophisticated technologies that trigger systems, including state systems, towards digital transformation and offer alternative and secure solutions to contract processes and business models thanks to the multidisciplinary structures they contain. Blockchain technology gained its main fame with the introduction of the cryptocurrency project called Bitcoin. In the Bitcoin project, which was presented by the person or persons with the pseudonym Satoshi Nakomoto, there is no need for people to trust each other or for reliable financial institutions such as banks to be involved in the process in order to make electronic money transfers. Because according to Satoshi Nakamoto, cryptographic proof is the basis, not trust. Thanks to this revolutionary development, mechanisms that had already been introduced to the literature were skilfully brought together and the blockchain 1.0 era began. The use of blockchain technology, which has a serious potential for digital transformation, has not only been limited to the field of finance, but has evolved in a way that perhaps even its developers could not have imagined. Another milestone in the evolution of blockchain is the emergence of the Ethereum blockchain. Thanks to Ethereum, smart contracts that allow the use of blockchain technology in almost every field such as health, education, supply chain and insurance have come to the fore. Blockchain-based smart contracts have attracted the attention of both the technology world and the legal world thanks to their unchangeable structure that guarantees the performance of the acts agreed by the parties, eliminates the need for intermediaries. Smart contracts that comply with the conditions required under Turkish Law are called smart legal contracts. Smart legal contracts are a sub-branch of smart contracts and are valid and binding in accordance with the principle of freedom of contract. However, smart contracts have some features that distinguish them from traditional contracts, such as self-execution and closure to interventions. This causes many problems in practice in the face of needs such as termination, modification or adaptation of the contract. In order to prevent potential problems, it is possible to take legal and technical measures called exante during the establishment of the contract. In particular, the integration of artificial intelligence and blockchain technologies may be beneficial in order to prevent code-based errors and security vulnerabilities from the very beginning. In general, it can be said that blockchain incorporates the security, confidentiality and accessibility elements required to ensure information security. However, this situation cannot be interpreted as that there will be no errors or vulnerabilities arising from the coding of smart contracts or that the risk of cyber-attacks is completely eliminated. As a result, blockchain and smart contracts are important innovations that have the potential to make a great contribution to digital transformation processes, despite the technical and legal problems they contain. Thanks to these technologies, it can be said that the need for third parties or institutions will be significantly reduced, costs will be significantly reduced, time will be saved, and transactions can be carried out effectively and reliably.

 Blockchain and smart contracts are sophisticated technologies that trigger systems, including state systems, towards digital transformation and offer alternative and secure solutions to contract processes and business models thanks to the multidisciplinary structures they contain. Blockchain technology gained its main fame with the introduction of the cryptocurrency project called Bitcoin. In the Bitcoin project, which was presented by the person or persons with the pseudonym Satoshi Nakomoto, there is no need for people to trust each other or for reliable financial institutions such as banks to be involved in the process in order to make electronic money transfers. Because according to Satoshi Nakamoto, cryptographic proof is the basis, not trust. Thanks to this revolutionary development, mechanisms that had already been introduced to the literature were skilfully brought together and the blockchain 1.0 era began. The use of blockchain technology, which has a serious potential for digital transformation, has not only been limited to the field of finance, but has evolved in a way that perhaps even its developers could not have imagined. Another milestone in the evolution of blockchain is the emergence of the Ethereum blockchain. Thanks to Ethereum, smart contracts that allow the use of blockchain technology in almost every field such as health, education, supply chain and insurance have come to the fore. Blockchain-based smart contracts have attracted the attention of both the technology world and the legal world thanks to their unchangeable structure that guarantees the performance of the acts agreed by the parties, eliminates the need for intermediaries. Smart contracts that comply with the conditions required under Turkish Law are called smart legal contracts. Smart legal contracts are a sub-branch of smart contracts and are valid and binding in accordance with the principle of freedom of contract. However, smart contracts have some features that distinguish them from traditional contracts, such as self-execution and closure to interventions. This causes many problems in practice in the face of needs such as termination, modification or adaptation of the contract. In order to prevent potential problems, it is possible to take legal and technical measures called exante during the establishment of the contract. In particular, the integration of artificial intelligence and blockchain technologies may be beneficial in order to prevent code-based errors and security vulnerabilities from the very beginning. In general, it can be said that blockchain incorporates the security, confidentiality and accessibility elements required to ensure information security. However, this situation cannot be interpreted as that there will be no errors or vulnerabilities arising from the coding of smart contracts or that the risk of cyber-attacks is completely eliminated. As a result, blockchain and smart contracts are important innovations that have the potential to make a great contribution to digital transformation processes, despite the technical and legal problems they contain. Thanks to these technologies, it can be said that the need for third parties or institutions will be significantly reduced, costs will be significantly reduced, time will be saved, and transactions can be carried out effectively and reliably.

 İçerisinde bulunduğumuz dünya, gitgide yeni bir dijital toplum düzenine doğru hızla ve durdurulamaz şekilde evrim geçirmektedir. Ticari hayattaki aktörler başta olmak üzere, hemen hemen tüm kurum ve kuruluşlar, dijital dönüşümünü sağlamaya ve yeni nesil teknolojileri iş süreçlerine entegre etmeye çalışmaktadırlar. Blokzincir teknolojisi; sistemi değişime zorlayan yıkıcı teknolojilerin başında gelmektedir. Akıllı sözleşmeler ise; hemen hemen her sektörde, kendine özgü özellikleri sayesinde güvenilir bir şekilde iş süreçlerinin yürütülebileceği bir ekosistem vadetmektedir. Dijital dünyadan kaynaklanan bazı riskleri de bünyesinde barındırmakla beraber, özellikle sistemin kendisinin aracı kişi ve kurumlara ihtiyaç duyulmaksızın güvenliği temin edebilmesi en kritik nokta olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Dolayısıyla akıllı sözleşmeler konusunda hukuki ve teknik çalışmaların titizlikle yürütülmesi gerekmektedir. Özellikle de akıllı sözleşmelerden kaynaklı güvenlik açıklarının en aza indirgenmesi adına çalışmalar yapıldığı takdirde, uluslararası ticaret başta olmak üzere pek çok sektörün vazgeçilmez bir parçası olabileceği söylenebilecektir. Hala gelişmekte olan bu teknolojiler hukuk dünyasını da oldukça yakından ilgilendirmektedir. Çalışmamız kapsamında ise öncelikle; akıllı sözleşmelerin temelini oluşturan blokzincir teknolojisi ana hatlarıyla açıklanacak, ikinci bölümünde şu anki haliyle akıllı sözleşmelerin hayatımıza girmesine yol açan Ethereum altyapısı hakkında bilgi verilecektir. Üçüncü ve son bölümde ise; akıllı sözleşmelerin geleneksel sözleşmelerden farklılaştığı temel özelliklerine değinilecek olup, ardından akıllı sözleşmeler veri güvenliği çerçevesinde incelenecektir.

Makale detayları

Blockchain Technology and Smart Contracts: Fundamental Structure, Features and Data Security Perspective

Yazarlar:

Aybike Berber | Emre Öztürk

Yayıncı:

Eskişehir Osmangazi University

Ana Başlıklar:

Bilişim ve Teknoloji Hukuku

Dergi:

Periodicum Iuris Vol.2 Issue 1, pp.33-76

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

5/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001312989

pISSN:

2980-0889

Blokzincir

Ethereum

Akıllı Sözleşmeler

Veri Güvenliği

Sayı

Makale detayları

Blockchain Technology and Smart Contracts: Fundamental Structure, Features and Data Security Perspective

Yazarlar: Aybike Berber | Emre Öztürk

Yayıncı: Eskişehir Osmangazi University

Ana Başlıklar: Bilişim ve Teknoloji Hukuku

Dergi: Periodicum Iuris Vol.2 Issue 1, pp.33-76

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 5/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001312989

pISSN: 2980-0889

Blokzincir

Ethereum

Akıllı Sözleşmeler

Veri Güvenliği

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Aybike Berber | Emre Öztürk

Yayıncı:

Eskişehir Osmangazi University

Ana Başlıklar:

Bilişim ve Teknoloji Hukuku

Dergi:

Periodicum Iuris Vol.2 Issue 1, pp.33-76

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

5/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001312989

pISSN:

2980-0889