The Mediating Role of Cognitive Distortions in the Relationship of Childhood Neglect and Abuse Experiences with God Conception

Said Sami

Makale detayları

The Mediating Role of Cognitive Distortions in the Relationship of Childhood Neglect and Abuse Experiences with God Conception

Yazarlar:

Said Sami

Yayıncı:

Hitit University

Ana Başlıklar:

Din Psikolojisi

Dergi:

Hitit İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.23 Issue 2, pp.1067-1089

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001336417

pISSN:

2757-6949

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Neglect and abuse in childhood can have many destructive effects, not only in the period in which they occur, but also in the adult life of the individual. Early traumatic experiences damage the childs psychology and quality of life and cause significant social and psychological problems. Psychological problems such as phobias, fears, sleep disorders, depression, attachment problems, anxiety, aggression and low self-esteem may occur in children who encounter such negative experiences. One of the negative conditions caused by childhood neglect and abuse experiences is cognitive distortions. Such traumas may cause individuals to develop negative cognitive styles or schemas about themselves, other people and the world in which they live. In addition to cognitive distortions, the literature has reported that childhood experiences of neglect and abuse may also have negative effects on religious life in adulthood. These studies has suggested that negative internal models schemabasic beliefs formed in the individual may be reflected back to God over time, and various negative religious attitudes and behaviors may emerge. Looking at the studies that examine the effects of childhood experiences of neglect and abuse on the concept of God, it is noticeable that the number of studies dealing with different dimensions of religious life in Turkey is almost non-existent. Moreoever, in most of these studies, there is no study that examines the sub-dimensions of cognitive distortions as a mediating role. In addition, it has been observed that Muslim individuals are underrepresented in the sample. In this respect, the study is expected to make a significant contribution to the literature. Moreover, the results of the study may contribute to raising awareness within the family and society, identifying appropriate therapeutic techniques and developing protective measures. The research model regulates the necessary conditions for collecting and analysing the data economically and appropriately. In this direction, the cross-sectional quantitative research method was used in the study, adopting the relational survey model. This model aims to determine the existence and extent of the relationship between two or more variables. This study examined whether cognitive distortions play a mediating role in the effect of childhood neglect and abuse experiences on the concept of God. The sample of the study consists of 681 participants from 7 universities in 7 different regions of Turkey. 435 of the participants were female, 236 were male, and the age range was 18-55 years. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form, Childhood Neglect and Abuse Scale CINAS, God Conception Scale CTS and Cognitive Distortion Scale CDS. The online survey technique was used in the study due to its advantages of reaching large numbers of people quickly and at no cost, the low likelihood of incomplete responses, and design advantages that enhance data quality. After data collection, a total of 690 people participated in the study. The data were carefully screened before analysis; participants who systematically repeated the same option or gave inconsistent answers were excluded. This resulted in a data set of 681 participants. This dataset was analysed using IBM SPSS and AMOS. Correlational analyses conducted as a result of the study showed that there was a significant negative correlation between experiences of neglect and abuse and positive God concepts, and a significant positive correlation between negative God concepts. It was observed that as participants experiences of neglect and abuse increased, their positive God concept scores decreased and their negative God concept scores increased. Significant negative and positive relationships were found between all sub-dimensions of cognitive distortions and positive and negative God concepts, respectively. Positive significant correlations were found between all sub-dimensions of childhood neglect and abuse experiences and all sub-dimensions of cognitive distortions. These findings indicate that experiences of neglect and abuse increase the levels of cognitive distortions. Confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the validity of the measures used. According to the results of the analysis, cognitive distortions were found to have a partial mediating role between childhood experiences of neglect and abuse and negative conceptions of God. Similarly, a partial mediating role of cognitive distortions was found between experiences of neglect and abuse and positive conceptions of God.

 Çocukluk döneminde yaşanan ihmal ve istismar olayları, yalnızca yaşandığı dönemde değil, aynı zamanda bireyin yetişkinlik döneminde de birçok yıkıcı etkiye yol açabilir. Erken dönemde yaşanan travmatik deneyimler, çocuğun psikolojisine ve yaşam kalitesine zarar verirken önemli sosyal ve ruhsal sorunlara da neden olur. Bu tür olumsuz yaşantılarla karşılaşan çocuklarda fobiler, korkular, uyku bozuklukları, depresyon, bağlanma sorunları, endişe, saldırganlık ve düşük öz saygı gibi psikolojik problemler ortaya çıkabilir. Çocukluk dönemi ihmal ve istismar yaşantılarının yol açtığı olumsuz durumlardan biri de bilişsel çarpıtmalar olarak görülmektedir. Bu tür travmalar, bireylerin zamanla kendileri diğer insanlar ve yaşadıkları dünya hakkında olumsuz bilişsel tarzlar veya şemalar geliştirmesine neden olabilir. Bilişsel çarpıtmaların yanı sıra, literatürde çocukluk dönemi ihmal ve istismar yaşantılarının yetişkinlikte dini yaşam üzerinde de olumsuz etkiler yaratabileceği belirtilmiştir. Bu çalışmalarda bireyde oluşan olumsuz içsel modellerin şematemel inanç zamanla Tanrıya yansıtılarak çeşitli negatif dini tutum ve davranışların ortaya çıkabileceği ifade edilmiştir. Çocukluk dönemi ihmal ve istismar yaşantılarının Tanrı tasavvuru üzerindeki etkilerini inceleyen araştırmalara bakıldığında dini yaşamın farklı boyutlarını ele alan çalışmaların sayısının Türkiyede yok denilecek kadar az olduğu göze çarpmaktadır. Ayrıca bu araştırmaların çoğunda bilişsel çarpıtmaların alt boyutlarının aracı rol olarak incelendiği bir çalışma da bulunmamaktadır. Bunun yanı sıra araştırmalarda Müslüman bireylerin örneklemde sınırlı bir şekilde temsil edildiği de görülmüştür. Bu doğrultuda gerçekleştirilen çalışmanın literatüre önemli katkılar sağlaması beklenmektedir. Buna ek olarak çalışma sonuçları, aile ve toplumun bilinçlendirilmesine, uygun terapi tekniklerinin belirlenmesine ve koruyucu tedbirlerin geliştirilmesine katkı sağlayabilir. Araştırma modeli, verilerin ekonomik ve uygun şekilde toplanıp analiz edilmesi için gerekli koşulları düzenler. Bu doğrultuda araştırmada ilişkisel tarama modelini benimseyen kesitsel nicel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu model, iki veya daha fazla değişken arasındaki ilişkinin varlığını ve seviyesini belirlemeyi amaçlar. Bu araştırmada, çocukluk dönemi ihmal ve istismar yaşantılarının Tanrı tasavvuru üzerindeki etkisinde bilişsel çarpıtmaların aracı rolünün olup olmadığı incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemi, Türkiyenin 7 farklı bölgesindeki 7 üniversiteden 681 katılımcıdan oluşmaktadır. Katılımcıların 435i kadın, 236sı erkek olup, yaş aralığı 18-55tir. Veriler, Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Çocukluk Dönemi İhmal ve İstismar Ölçeği ÇDİİ, Tanrı Tasavvuru Ölçeği TTÖ ve Bilişsel Çarpıtma Ölçeği BÇÖ kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Araştırmada geniş kitlelere hızlı ve maliyetsiz ulaşabilme, eksik cevaplama olasılığının düşük olması ve veri kalitesini artırıcı tasarım avantajları nedeniyle çevrimiçi anket tekniği benimsenmiştir. Veri toplama işlemi sonrası araştırmaya toplam 690 kişi katılmıştır. Veriler analiz öncesi dikkatlice incelenmiş; sistematik olarak aynı şıkkı tekrarlayan veya çelişkili yanıtlar veren katılımcılar hariç tutulmuştur. Sonuçta, 681 kişilik bir veri seti elde edilmiştir. Bu veri seti, IBM SPSS ve AMOS programlarıyla analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda yapılan korelasyon analizleri; ihmal ve istismar yaşantıları ile olumlu Tanrı tasavvurları arasında negatif, olumsuz Tanrı tasavvurları arasında ise pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişki olduğunu göstermiştir. Katılımcıların ihmal ve istismar yaşantıları arttıkça olumlu Tanrı tasavvuru skorlarının azaldığı, olumsuz Tanrı tasavvuru puanlarının ise arttığı gözlemlenmiştir. Bilişsel çarpıtmaların tüm alt boyutları ile olumlu Tanrı tasavvuru arasında negatif, olumsuz Tanrı tasavvuru arasında ise pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Çocukluk dönemi ihmal ve istismar yaşantılarının tüm alt boyutları ile bilişsel çarpıtmaların tüm alt boyutları arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişkiler saptanmıştır. Bu bulgular, ihmal ve istismar yaşantılarının bilişsel çarpıtma düzeylerini artırdığını göstermektedir. Yapılan doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri, kullanılan ölçüm araçlarının geçerliliğini doğrulamıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, çocukluk dönemi ihmal ve istismar yaşantıları ile olumsuz Tanrı tasavvuru arasında bilişsel çarpıtmaların kısmi aracı rolü olduğu bulunmuştur. Benzer şekilde, ihmal ve istismar yaşantıları ile olumlu Tanrı tasavvuru arasında da bilişsel çarpıtmaların kısmi aracı rolü tespit edilmiştir.

 Neglect and abuse in childhood can have many destructive effects, not only in the period in which they occur, but also in the adult life of the individual. Early traumatic experiences damage the childs psychology and quality of life and cause significant social and psychological problems. Psychological problems such as phobias, fears, sleep disorders, depression, attachment problems, anxiety, aggression and low self-esteem may occur in children who encounter such negative experiences. One of the negative conditions caused by childhood neglect and abuse experiences is cognitive distortions. Such traumas may cause individuals to develop negative cognitive styles or schemas about themselves, other people and the world in which they live. In addition to cognitive distortions, the literature has reported that childhood experiences of neglect and abuse may also have negative effects on religious life in adulthood. These studies has suggested that negative internal models schemabasic beliefs formed in the individual may be reflected back to God over time, and various negative religious attitudes and behaviors may emerge. Looking at the studies that examine the effects of childhood experiences of neglect and abuse on the concept of God, it is noticeable that the number of studies dealing with different dimensions of religious life in Turkey is almost non-existent. Moreoever, in most of these studies, there is no study that examines the sub-dimensions of cognitive distortions as a mediating role. In addition, it has been observed that Muslim individuals are underrepresented in the sample. In this respect, the study is expected to make a significant contribution to the literature. Moreover, the results of the study may contribute to raising awareness within the family and society, identifying appropriate therapeutic techniques and developing protective measures. The research model regulates the necessary conditions for collecting and analysing the data economically and appropriately. In this direction, the cross-sectional quantitative research method was used in the study, adopting the relational survey model. This model aims to determine the existence and extent of the relationship between two or more variables. This study examined whether cognitive distortions play a mediating role in the effect of childhood neglect and abuse experiences on the concept of God. The sample of the study consists of 681 participants from 7 universities in 7 different regions of Turkey. 435 of the participants were female, 236 were male, and the age range was 18-55 years. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form, Childhood Neglect and Abuse Scale CINAS, God Conception Scale CTS and Cognitive Distortion Scale CDS. The online survey technique was used in the study due to its advantages of reaching large numbers of people quickly and at no cost, the low likelihood of incomplete responses, and design advantages that enhance data quality. After data collection, a total of 690 people participated in the study. The data were carefully screened before analysis; participants who systematically repeated the same option or gave inconsistent answers were excluded. This resulted in a data set of 681 participants. This dataset was analysed using IBM SPSS and AMOS. Correlational analyses conducted as a result of the study showed that there was a significant negative correlation between experiences of neglect and abuse and positive God concepts, and a significant positive correlation between negative God concepts. It was observed that as participants experiences of neglect and abuse increased, their positive God concept scores decreased and their negative God concept scores increased. Significant negative and positive relationships were found between all sub-dimensions of cognitive distortions and positive and negative God concepts, respectively. Positive significant correlations were found between all sub-dimensions of childhood neglect and abuse experiences and all sub-dimensions of cognitive distortions. These findings indicate that experiences of neglect and abuse increase the levels of cognitive distortions. Confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the validity of the measures used. According to the results of the analysis, cognitive distortions were found to have a partial mediating role between childhood experiences of neglect and abuse and negative conceptions of God. Similarly, a partial mediating role of cognitive distortions was found between experiences of neglect and abuse and positive conceptions of God.

 Neglect and abuse in childhood can have many destructive effects, not only in the period in which they occur, but also in the adult life of the individual. Early traumatic experiences damage the childs psychology and quality of life and cause significant social and psychological problems. Psychological problems such as phobias, fears, sleep disorders, depression, attachment problems, anxiety, aggression and low self-esteem may occur in children who encounter such negative experiences. One of the negative conditions caused by childhood neglect and abuse experiences is cognitive distortions. Such traumas may cause individuals to develop negative cognitive styles or schemas about themselves, other people and the world in which they live. In addition to cognitive distortions, the literature has reported that childhood experiences of neglect and abuse may also have negative effects on religious life in adulthood. These studies has suggested that negative internal models schemabasic beliefs formed in the individual may be reflected back to God over time, and various negative religious attitudes and behaviors may emerge. Looking at the studies that examine the effects of childhood experiences of neglect and abuse on the concept of God, it is noticeable that the number of studies dealing with different dimensions of religious life in Turkey is almost non-existent. Moreoever, in most of these studies, there is no study that examines the sub-dimensions of cognitive distortions as a mediating role. In addition, it has been observed that Muslim individuals are underrepresented in the sample. In this respect, the study is expected to make a significant contribution to the literature. Moreover, the results of the study may contribute to raising awareness within the family and society, identifying appropriate therapeutic techniques and developing protective measures. The research model regulates the necessary conditions for collecting and analysing the data economically and appropriately. In this direction, the cross-sectional quantitative research method was used in the study, adopting the relational survey model. This model aims to determine the existence and extent of the relationship between two or more variables. This study examined whether cognitive distortions play a mediating role in the effect of childhood neglect and abuse experiences on the concept of God. The sample of the study consists of 681 participants from 7 universities in 7 different regions of Turkey. 435 of the participants were female, 236 were male, and the age range was 18-55 years. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form, Childhood Neglect and Abuse Scale CINAS, God Conception Scale CTS and Cognitive Distortion Scale CDS. The online survey technique was used in the study due to its advantages of reaching large numbers of people quickly and at no cost, the low likelihood of incomplete responses, and design advantages that enhance data quality. After data collection, a total of 690 people participated in the study. The data were carefully screened before analysis; participants who systematically repeated the same option or gave inconsistent answers were excluded. This resulted in a data set of 681 participants. This dataset was analysed using IBM SPSS and AMOS. Correlational analyses conducted as a result of the study showed that there was a significant negative correlation between experiences of neglect and abuse and positive God concepts, and a significant positive correlation between negative God concepts. It was observed that as participants experiences of neglect and abuse increased, their positive God concept scores decreased and their negative God concept scores increased. Significant negative and positive relationships were found between all sub-dimensions of cognitive distortions and positive and negative God concepts, respectively. Positive significant correlations were found between all sub-dimensions of childhood neglect and abuse experiences and all sub-dimensions of cognitive distortions. These findings indicate that experiences of neglect and abuse increase the levels of cognitive distortions. Confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the validity of the measures used. According to the results of the analysis, cognitive distortions were found to have a partial mediating role between childhood experiences of neglect and abuse and negative conceptions of God. Similarly, a partial mediating role of cognitive distortions was found between experiences of neglect and abuse and positive conceptions of God.

Makale detayları

The Mediating Role of Cognitive Distortions in the Relationship of Childhood Neglect and Abuse Experiences with God Conception

Yazarlar:

Said Sami

Yayıncı:

Hitit University

Ana Başlıklar:

Din Psikolojisi

Dergi:

Hitit İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.23 Issue 2, pp.1067-1089

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001336417

pISSN:

2757-6949

Psychology of Religion

Childhood

Neglect

Abuse

Cognitive Distortion

Conception of God.Din Psikolojisi

İhmal

İstismar

Bilişsel Çarpıtma

Tanrı Tasavvuru.

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Said Sami

Yayıncı: Hitit University

Ana Başlıklar: Din Psikolojisi

Dergi: Hitit İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.23 Issue 2, pp.1067-1089

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 12/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001336417

pISSN: 2757-6949

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Said Sami

Yayıncı:

Hitit University

Ana Başlıklar:

Din Psikolojisi

Dergi:

Hitit İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.23 Issue 2, pp.1067-1089

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001336417

pISSN:

2757-6949