What is the Function of Eloquence in the Ottoman Empire? Scientific Literature and Conceptual Diversity in 'El-Haşiye alCedide Ala Şerhi 'İsmail Ferîde

Osman Cengiz

Makale detayları

What is the Function of Eloquence in the Ottoman Empire? Scientific Literature and Conceptual Diversity in 'El-Haşiye alCedide Ala Şerhi 'İsmail Ferîde

Yazarlar:

Osman Cengiz

Yayıncı:

Marmara University

Ana Başlıklar:

Arap Dili ve Belagatı

Dergi:

Marmara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.65 Issue 65, pp.185-211

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001307790

pISSN:

1302-4973

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 One of the classic works in the science of rhetoric, which is one of the sources of Ottoman thought, is Ebül-Kâsım es-Samerkandî d. 888after 1483s work on metaphor: Risâletül-istiârât. An annotation was written on this work by İsâmüddin İsferâyînî d. 9451538, and Filibeli Halil Fevzi Efendi d. 13011884 wrote another annotation with approximately a thousand pages. This book, which we can consider an interdisciplinary text, depicts the world of thought of an intellectual through Halil Fevzi Efendi. This article deals with the interdisciplinary aspects of this work. The fact that this science is related to many fields such as diplomacy, politics, law, usul al-fiqh, tafsir, theology, and logic shows that the intellectual mind cannot remain independent of it and also points out why we turn to metaphor and figurative meaning. The article aims to give the metaphorical forms in Turkish, briefly or in detail, as they appear in the annotation; the application of logical propositions or metaphysical interpretation to rhetoric; It evaluates different forms of presentation, such as the adaptation of the rhetorical method to logic, as in the case of intermediate sentences. Quotations from classical metaphysical texts for the concepts of soul, heart and soul; Discussing the concepts of will, knowledge and power, as well as issues of tasawwurât, tasdîqât and discussion techniques; drawing attention from time to time to the Meşşâî and Işrakî traditions, and the difference between the methods of hukemâ and mutakallim, shows the interdisciplinary feature of the work. In addition, the article, which included the forces of theory and action, the inner feelings and proportional accidents, and the concepts of whereness, quality, and time space, also explained mental forms. It is seen that the work, which deals with the concepts of mind and perception intertwined with medical science, also exemplifies the relationship between metaphor and movement through physics. Another point that should not be forgotten about the extra-field literature in 19th century rhetorical texts is the Akbari style of interpretation, which comes from Ibn alArabī d. 1240. Of course, there is always a philosophical aspect of texts in different fields, such as rhetoric, mysticism, ethics, theology, and fiqh. However, the reason why philosophical color increases when a commentary or especially an annotation is written on them is the interpretation of the gnostic line. Essentially, this situation is related to the concept of tahqîk, which came to the fore in the 13th century AD. Those who adopted the methods of hukema and mutakallim after Fahreddin Râzî d. 6061210 were called muhakkîn ulema or ahl-i tahqîk. As a matter of fact, Halil Fevzi Efendi also included the views of muhakkikûn scholars from Sufis, mutakallims or Ashari and Maturidi under almost every conceptual heading of his work, and also mentioned Imâm Muhakkık Birgivî and Master Scholar Fâzıl Muhakkık Ali Fikrî Efendi. Sometimes he made transfers by saying according to some muhakkiks without giving the name of the sect. Halil Fevzis work was written with an interdisciplinary method to contribute as much as possible to a students general culture. Logic issues are included in the annotation from the very first page, and propositions about rhetoric are processed in the form of syllogism. Similarly, the categories ten categories: mekûlât-ı aşere and the substanceaccidental issue, especially the types of accidents, are discussed in detail. In the annotation, after giving the forms of metaphors and similes in Arabic according to the majority of scholars or Sekkâkî, a summary in Turkish is also provided. Before Turkish explanations are given, they are indicated as summary or detailed summary Apart from the field of rhetoric, Halil Fevzi Efendi mostly chose strong names such as Gazzâlî, Cürcânî, Îcî, which gave the philosophical color to Islamic thought, as sources, and from time to time he delved into the sources they used. Rhetoric has increasingly incorporated the perspectives of logic and philosophy traditions into its content over time. Accordingly, we do not only have rhetorical texts. On our hand, there is a text with a wide range of topics that opens up topics in logic, metaphysics, and theology for every reason. It is possible to say that Halil Fevzi Efendis Hâşiye is a mihlâb or keşkül specific to the rhetoric culture, in the style of Bahaeddin Âmilî d.10311622. In this article, it has been evaluated through the example of Hâşiye that the studies on rhetorical texts in Ottoman literature do not only focus on this field, but also aim to present a much broader scientific culture to students and readers. This study aims to contribute to issues such as out-of-field literature and conceptual diversity in rhetorical texts.

 Osmanlı düşüncesinin kaynaklarından olan belâgat ilmindeki klasik çalışmalardan biri Ebül-Kâsım es-Semerkandî ö. 8881483ten sonranin istiâreyle ilgili çalışması Risâletül-istiârâtdır. Bu esere İsâmüddin İsferâyînî ö. 9451538 tarafından şerh yazılmış ve bu şerhe de Filibeli Halil Fevzi Efendi ö. 13011884 yaklaşık bin sayfalık bir hâşiye kaleme almıştır. Disiplinler arası metinlerden sayabileceğimiz bu kitap, Halil Fevzi Efendi üzerinden bir entelektüelin düşünce dünyasını resmetmektedir. Çalışma, elimizdeki eserin disiplinler arası yönüyle ilgilenmektedir. Bu ilmin diplomasi, siyaset, hukuk, usûl-i fıkıh, tefsir, kelam ve mantık gibi pek çok sahayla ilgili olması, entelektüel zihnin ondan müstağni kalamayacağını gösterdiği gibi niçin mecâz ve istiâreye yöneldiğimize de işaret etmektedir. Makale, Hâşiyede yer aldığı şekliyle, istiâre yapılış biçimlerinin icmâlen veya tafsîlen Türkçe olarak verilmesi; mantıksal önermelerin veya metafizik yorumun belâgat ilmine tatbiki; ara cümle bahsinde olduğu gibi belâgat metodunun mantığa uyarlanması şeklindeki farklı takdim biçimlerini değerlendirmektedir. Ruh, kalp ve nefis kavramları için klasik metafizik metinlerinden yapılan iktibaslar; irâde, ilim ve kudret kavramları yanında tasavvurât ve tasdîkât bahislerinin, âdab-ı bahs konularının ele alınması; zaman zaman Meşşâî ve İşrakî geleneğe, hukemâ ve mütekellimin mesleklerinin farkına dikkat çekilmesi eserin disiplinler arası özelliğini göstermektedir. Bunun yanında kuvve-i nazariyye ve ameliyyeye, havâss-ı hamse-i bâtına ve araz-ı nisbîye, eyniyyet, keyfiyyet ve zaman-mekân tasavvurlarına yer veren çalışma, zihnî suretler konusunda da izahlarda bulunmuştur. Akıl ve idrak kavramlarını tıp ilmiyle iç içe ele alan eserin mecâz ile hareket ilişkisini de fizik üzerinden örneklediği görülmektedir. Osmanlıda özellikle 19. asırda yazılmış böyle bir belâgat kitabında nefs, rûh-ı insanî, rûh-ı hayvânî gibi konulara yer verilmesi dikkat çekicidir. Bu ve benzer öreklerden yola çıkarak söylemek gerekirse belâgatin, işlevsel bir vazife gördüğü; sadece edebiyatta işe yaramadığı söylenebilir. Halil Fevzinin yukarıdaki bakış açısı, eserin hemen bütün konularında görülmektedir. Modern dönemde herhangi bir alanda bilimselliğin işareti sayılan matematiğin taşıdığı kimlik, İslam medeniyetinde uzun bir süre mantık ilmi tarafından taşınmıştır. Bir eserde mantık ilmine dair bahisler ve ona atıf ne kadar fazla ise ilgili metin o kadar bilimsel ve kabule şayan sayılmaktaydı. Hâşiyede de yukarıda temas edildiği üzere metin örgüsü mantık ve felsefe ile harmanlanarak sunulmakta; eser bu bakımdan güçlü bir kültür takdim etmektedir. Bu makale, belâgat metinlerinde alan dışı literatür ve kavram çeşitliliği gibi konulara katkı sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.

 One of the classic works in the science of rhetoric, which is one of the sources of Ottoman thought, is Ebül-Kâsım es-Samerkandî d. 888after 1483s work on metaphor: Risâletül-istiârât. An annotation was written on this work by İsâmüddin İsferâyînî d. 9451538, and Filibeli Halil Fevzi Efendi d. 13011884 wrote another annotation with approximately a thousand pages. This book, which we can consider an interdisciplinary text, depicts the world of thought of an intellectual through Halil Fevzi Efendi. This article deals with the interdisciplinary aspects of this work. The fact that this science is related to many fields such as diplomacy, politics, law, usul al-fiqh, tafsir, theology, and logic shows that the intellectual mind cannot remain independent of it and also points out why we turn to metaphor and figurative meaning. The article aims to give the metaphorical forms in Turkish, briefly or in detail, as they appear in the annotation; the application of logical propositions or metaphysical interpretation to rhetoric; It evaluates different forms of presentation, such as the adaptation of the rhetorical method to logic, as in the case of intermediate sentences. Quotations from classical metaphysical texts for the concepts of soul, heart and soul; Discussing the concepts of will, knowledge and power, as well as issues of tasawwurât, tasdîqât and discussion techniques; drawing attention from time to time to the Meşşâî and Işrakî traditions, and the difference between the methods of hukemâ and mutakallim, shows the interdisciplinary feature of the work. In addition, the article, which included the forces of theory and action, the inner feelings and proportional accidents, and the concepts of whereness, quality, and time space, also explained mental forms. It is seen that the work, which deals with the concepts of mind and perception intertwined with medical science, also exemplifies the relationship between metaphor and movement through physics. Another point that should not be forgotten about the extra-field literature in 19th century rhetorical texts is the Akbari style of interpretation, which comes from Ibn alArabī d. 1240. Of course, there is always a philosophical aspect of texts in different fields, such as rhetoric, mysticism, ethics, theology, and fiqh. However, the reason why philosophical color increases when a commentary or especially an annotation is written on them is the interpretation of the gnostic line. Essentially, this situation is related to the concept of tahqîk, which came to the fore in the 13th century AD. Those who adopted the methods of hukema and mutakallim after Fahreddin Râzî d. 6061210 were called muhakkîn ulema or ahl-i tahqîk. As a matter of fact, Halil Fevzi Efendi also included the views of muhakkikûn scholars from Sufis, mutakallims or Ashari and Maturidi under almost every conceptual heading of his work, and also mentioned Imâm Muhakkık Birgivî and Master Scholar Fâzıl Muhakkık Ali Fikrî Efendi. Sometimes he made transfers by saying according to some muhakkiks without giving the name of the sect. Halil Fevzis work was written with an interdisciplinary method to contribute as much as possible to a students general culture. Logic issues are included in the annotation from the very first page, and propositions about rhetoric are processed in the form of syllogism. Similarly, the categories ten categories: mekûlât-ı aşere and the substanceaccidental issue, especially the types of accidents, are discussed in detail. In the annotation, after giving the forms of metaphors and similes in Arabic according to the majority of scholars or Sekkâkî, a summary in Turkish is also provided. Before Turkish explanations are given, they are indicated as summary or detailed summary Apart from the field of rhetoric, Halil Fevzi Efendi mostly chose strong names such as Gazzâlî, Cürcânî, Îcî, which gave the philosophical color to Islamic thought, as sources, and from time to time he delved into the sources they used. Rhetoric has increasingly incorporated the perspectives of logic and philosophy traditions into its content over time. Accordingly, we do not only have rhetorical texts. On our hand, there is a text with a wide range of topics that opens up topics in logic, metaphysics, and theology for every reason. It is possible to say that Halil Fevzi Efendis Hâşiye is a mihlâb or keşkül specific to the rhetoric culture, in the style of Bahaeddin Âmilî d.10311622. In this article, it has been evaluated through the example of Hâşiye that the studies on rhetorical texts in Ottoman literature do not only focus on this field, but also aim to present a much broader scientific culture to students and readers. This study aims to contribute to issues such as out-of-field literature and conceptual diversity in rhetorical texts.

 One of the classic works in the science of rhetoric, which is one of the sources of Ottoman thought, is Ebül-Kâsım es-Samerkandî d. 888after 1483s work on metaphor: Risâletül-istiârât. An annotation was written on this work by İsâmüddin İsferâyînî d. 9451538, and Filibeli Halil Fevzi Efendi d. 13011884 wrote another annotation with approximately a thousand pages. This book, which we can consider an interdisciplinary text, depicts the world of thought of an intellectual through Halil Fevzi Efendi. This article deals with the interdisciplinary aspects of this work. The fact that this science is related to many fields such as diplomacy, politics, law, usul al-fiqh, tafsir, theology, and logic shows that the intellectual mind cannot remain independent of it and also points out why we turn to metaphor and figurative meaning. The article aims to give the metaphorical forms in Turkish, briefly or in detail, as they appear in the annotation; the application of logical propositions or metaphysical interpretation to rhetoric; It evaluates different forms of presentation, such as the adaptation of the rhetorical method to logic, as in the case of intermediate sentences. Quotations from classical metaphysical texts for the concepts of soul, heart and soul; Discussing the concepts of will, knowledge and power, as well as issues of tasawwurât, tasdîqât and discussion techniques; drawing attention from time to time to the Meşşâî and Işrakî traditions, and the difference between the methods of hukemâ and mutakallim, shows the interdisciplinary feature of the work. In addition, the article, which included the forces of theory and action, the inner feelings and proportional accidents, and the concepts of whereness, quality, and time space, also explained mental forms. It is seen that the work, which deals with the concepts of mind and perception intertwined with medical science, also exemplifies the relationship between metaphor and movement through physics. Another point that should not be forgotten about the extra-field literature in 19th century rhetorical texts is the Akbari style of interpretation, which comes from Ibn alArabī d. 1240. Of course, there is always a philosophical aspect of texts in different fields, such as rhetoric, mysticism, ethics, theology, and fiqh. However, the reason why philosophical color increases when a commentary or especially an annotation is written on them is the interpretation of the gnostic line. Essentially, this situation is related to the concept of tahqîk, which came to the fore in the 13th century AD. Those who adopted the methods of hukema and mutakallim after Fahreddin Râzî d. 6061210 were called muhakkîn ulema or ahl-i tahqîk. As a matter of fact, Halil Fevzi Efendi also included the views of muhakkikûn scholars from Sufis, mutakallims or Ashari and Maturidi under almost every conceptual heading of his work, and also mentioned Imâm Muhakkık Birgivî and Master Scholar Fâzıl Muhakkık Ali Fikrî Efendi. Sometimes he made transfers by saying according to some muhakkiks without giving the name of the sect. Halil Fevzis work was written with an interdisciplinary method to contribute as much as possible to a students general culture. Logic issues are included in the annotation from the very first page, and propositions about rhetoric are processed in the form of syllogism. Similarly, the categories ten categories: mekûlât-ı aşere and the substanceaccidental issue, especially the types of accidents, are discussed in detail. In the annotation, after giving the forms of metaphors and similes in Arabic according to the majority of scholars or Sekkâkî, a summary in Turkish is also provided. Before Turkish explanations are given, they are indicated as summary or detailed summary Apart from the field of rhetoric, Halil Fevzi Efendi mostly chose strong names such as Gazzâlî, Cürcânî, Îcî, which gave the philosophical color to Islamic thought, as sources, and from time to time he delved into the sources they used. Rhetoric has increasingly incorporated the perspectives of logic and philosophy traditions into its content over time. Accordingly, we do not only have rhetorical texts. On our hand, there is a text with a wide range of topics that opens up topics in logic, metaphysics, and theology for every reason. It is possible to say that Halil Fevzi Efendis Hâşiye is a mihlâb or keşkül specific to the rhetoric culture, in the style of Bahaeddin Âmilî d.10311622. In this article, it has been evaluated through the example of Hâşiye that the studies on rhetorical texts in Ottoman literature do not only focus on this field, but also aim to present a much broader scientific culture to students and readers. This study aims to contribute to issues such as out-of-field literature and conceptual diversity in rhetorical texts.

Makale detayları

What is the Function of Eloquence in the Ottoman Empire? Scientific Literature and Conceptual Diversity in 'El-Haşiye alCedide Ala Şerhi 'İsmail Ferîde

Yazarlar:

Osman Cengiz

Yayıncı:

Marmara University

Ana Başlıklar:

Arap Dili ve Belagatı

Dergi:

Marmara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.65 Issue 65, pp.185-211

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001307790

pISSN:

1302-4973

Ottoman Retoric

Arabic Language

Ottoman Science

İslamic Philosophy

Ottoman ThoughtOsmanlı Belağatı

Arap Dili

Osmanlı Bilimi

Osmanlı Düşüncesi

İslam Felsefesi

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Osman Cengiz

Yayıncı: Marmara University

Ana Başlıklar: Arap Dili ve Belagatı

Dergi: Marmara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.65 Issue 65, pp.185-211

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 12/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001307790

pISSN: 1302-4973

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Osman Cengiz

Yayıncı:

Marmara University

Ana Başlıklar:

Arap Dili ve Belagatı

Dergi:

Marmara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.65 Issue 65, pp.185-211

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001307790

pISSN:

1302-4973