The Last Governor General Of The Umayyad State Of The Iraq Region Yazid b. Omar b. Hubayra

Zekeriya Çelik; İhsan Arslan; Mehmet Şamil Baş

Makale detayları

The Last Governor General Of The Umayyad State Of The Iraq Region Yazid b. Omar b. Hubayra

Yazarlar:

Zekeriya Çelik | İhsan Arslan | Mehmet Şamil Baş

Yayıncı:

Necmettin Erbakan University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Tarihi ve Medeniyeti

Dergi:

İSTEM Issue 43, pp.169-186

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001322003

pISSN:

1304-0618

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The most troubled region of the Umayyad state, which ruled for about a century, has been Iraq since its establishment. The Umayyad caliphs, who were aware of this, made it a general policy to govern the Iraqi region by powerful governors from Muawiya b. Abi Sufyan onwards. In the early years of the state, Basra and Kufa, the two important administrative centres of the region, were administered by experienced and moderate rulers. However, the region could not be completely subjugated in this way. When Muawiya dismissed Abdullah b. Amir, the governor of Basra, and appointed Ziyād b. Abīh in his place, a harsh administration approach started in the region. After the death of the governor of Kufa, Mughīra b. Shube, this place was also connected to Ziyād b. Abīh, and the Umayyad rule was fully established in the region. The practice of general governorship, which started with the appointment of Hajjāj b. Yusuf as the administrator of the entire Iraqi region by al-Adulmalīm b. Marwān, was abolished during the reign of Umar b.Abd al-Abd al-Azīz, but it continued until the collapse of the state in the following periods. In the last period of the Umayyads, the stability in the provinces had deteriorated due to the power struggle in the centre. When the last Umayyad caliph Muhammad b. Marwan, who emerged victorious from the power struggle in the capital, took over the government, he appointed Yazīd b. Umar b. Umar b. Hubayra to the governorship of Iraq. Although Ibn Hubayra succeeded in establishing the sovereignty of the Umayyad state for the last time in Iraq during his governorship, he could not stop the advance of the Abbâsîd revolutionaries. The governor, who continued his resistance despite the news from the centre that the caliph had been killed, surrendered to the Abbâsîd rulers based on the assurances in the letter of emanation sent to him. Ibn Khubayra, who stayed with Abū Jafar Mansūr for a while, was killed in a trap set for him due to the broken promises.

 The most troubled region of the Umayyad state, which ruled for about a century, has been Iraq since its establishment. The Umayyad caliphs, who were aware of this, made it a general policy to govern the Iraqi region by powerful governors from Muawiya b. Abi Sufyan onwards. In the early years of the state, Basra and Kufa, the two important administrative centres of the region, were administered by experienced and moderate rulers. However, the region could not be completely subjugated in this way. When Muawiya dismissed Abdullah b. Amir, the governor of Basra, and appointed Ziyād b. Abīh in his place, a harsh administration approach started in the region. After the death of the governor of Kufa, Mughīra b. Shube, this place was also connected to Ziyād b. Abīh, and the Umayyad rule was fully established in the region. The practice of general governorship, which started with the appointment of Hajjāj b. Yusuf as the administrator of the entire Iraqi region by al-Adulmalīm b. Marwān, was abolished during the reign of Umar b.Abd al-Abd al-Azīz, but it continued until the collapse of the state in the following periods. In the last period of the Umayyads, the stability in the provinces had deteriorated due to the power struggle in the centre. When the last Umayyad caliph Muhammad b. Marwan, who emerged victorious from the power struggle in the capital, took over the government, he appointed Yazīd b. Umar b. Umar b. Hubayra to the governorship of Iraq. Although Ibn Hubayra succeeded in establishing the sovereignty of the Umayyad state for the last time in Iraq during his governorship, he could not stop the advance of the Abbâsîd revolutionaries. The governor, who continued his resistance despite the news from the centre that the caliph had been killed, surrendered to the Abbâsîd rulers based on the assurances in the letter of emanation sent to him. Ibn Khubayra, who stayed with Abū Jafar Mansūr for a while, was killed in a trap set for him due to the broken promises.

 The most troubled region of the Umayyad state, which ruled for about a century, has been Iraq since its establishment. The Umayyad caliphs, who were aware of this, made it a general policy to govern the Iraqi region by powerful governors from Muawiya b. Abi Sufyan onwards. In the early years of the state, Basra and Kufa, the two important administrative centres of the region, were administered by experienced and moderate rulers. However, the region could not be completely subjugated in this way. When Muawiya dismissed Abdullah b. Amir, the governor of Basra, and appointed Ziyād b. Abīh in his place, a harsh administration approach started in the region. After the death of the governor of Kufa, Mughīra b. Shube, this place was also connected to Ziyād b. Abīh, and the Umayyad rule was fully established in the region. The practice of general governorship, which started with the appointment of Hajjāj b. Yusuf as the administrator of the entire Iraqi region by al-Adulmalīm b. Marwān, was abolished during the reign of Umar b.Abd al-Abd al-Azīz, but it continued until the collapse of the state in the following periods. In the last period of the Umayyads, the stability in the provinces had deteriorated due to the power struggle in the centre. When the last Umayyad caliph Muhammad b. Marwan, who emerged victorious from the power struggle in the capital, took over the government, he appointed Yazīd b. Umar b. Umar b. Hubayra to the governorship of Iraq. Although Ibn Hubayra succeeded in establishing the sovereignty of the Umayyad state for the last time in Iraq during his governorship, he could not stop the advance of the Abbâsîd revolutionaries. The governor, who continued his resistance despite the news from the centre that the caliph had been killed, surrendered to the Abbâsîd rulers based on the assurances in the letter of emanation sent to him. Ibn Khubayra, who stayed with Abū Jafar Mansūr for a while, was killed in a trap set for him due to the broken promises.

 Yaklaşık bir asır hüküm süren Emevî devletinin kuruluşundan itibaren en sıkıntılı bölgesi Irak olmuştur. Bunun bilincinde olan Emevî halifeleri, Irak bölgesini Muâviye b. Ebî Süfyandan itibaren kudretli valiler eliyle yönetmeyi genel politika haline getirmişlerdir. Devletin ilk kuruluş yıllarında bölgenin iki önemli idari merkezi olan Basra ve Kûfe, tecrübeli ve mutedil yöneticiler eliyle idare edildi. Ancak bu şekilde bölge tam manasıyla itaat altına alınamadı. Muaviyenin, Basra valisi Abdullah b. Âmiri azledip yerine Ziyâd b. Ebîhi atamasıyla bölgede sertlik yanlısı yönetim anlayışı başlamış oldu. Kûfe valisi Muğîre b. Şubenin vefatından sonra burası da Ziyâd b. Ebîhe bağlanınca bölgede tam manada Emevî hakimiyeti sağlanmış oldu. Aldülmelik b. Mervânın Haccâc b. Yusufu Irak bölgesinin tamamına yönetici olarak atamasıyla başlayan genel valilik uygulaması, Ömer b. Abdülazîz döneminde kaldırılmış olsa da ondan sonraki dönemlerde devletin yıkılışına kadar devam etti. Emevîlerin son döneminde merkezdeki iktidar mücadelesi nedeniyle eyaletlerde de istikrar iyice bozulmuştu. Başkentteki iktidar mücadelesinden zaferle çıkan Emevîlerin son halifesi Muhammed b. Mervân yönetimi ele geçirince, Yezîd b. Ömer b. Ömer b. Hübeyreyi Irak genel valiliğine getirmişti. İbn Hübeyre, valiliği döneminde Irak bölgesinde son kez Emevî devletinin egemenliğini tesis etmeyi başarmış olsa da Abbâsî ihtilalcilerinin ilerleyişini durduramamıştı. Merkezden halifenin öldürüldüğüne dair gelen haberlere rağmen direnişini sürdüren vali, kendisine gönderilen eman mektubundaki güvencelere binaen Abbâsî yöneticilerine teslim oldu. Bir süre Ebû Câfer Mansûrun yanında kalan İbn Hübeyre, verilen sözlerin tutulmaması nedeniyle kendisine kurulan bir tuzakla öldürüldü.

Makale detayları

The Last Governor General Of The Umayyad State Of The Iraq Region Yazid b. Omar b. Hubayra

Yazarlar:

Zekeriya Çelik | İhsan Arslan | Mehmet Şamil Baş

Yayıncı:

Necmettin Erbakan University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Tarihi ve Medeniyeti

Dergi:

İSTEM Issue 43, pp.169-186

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001322003

pISSN:

1304-0618

Umayyad State

Governor

Ibn Hubeyra

Iraq Region

Abbâsîd RevolutionEmevî Devleti

Vali

İbn Hübeyre

Irak Bölgesi

Abbasi İhtilali

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Zekeriya Çelik | İhsan Arslan | Mehmet Şamil Baş

Yayıncı: Necmettin Erbakan University

Ana Başlıklar: İslam Tarihi ve Medeniyeti

Dergi: İSTEM Issue 43, pp.169-186

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001322003

pISSN: 1304-0618

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Zekeriya Çelik | İhsan Arslan | Mehmet Şamil Baş

Yayıncı:

Necmettin Erbakan University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Tarihi ve Medeniyeti

Dergi:

İSTEM Issue 43, pp.169-186

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001322003

pISSN:

1304-0618