Grouping of Ornaments on the Late Ottoman Tombstones: Aydın Kuşadası Adalızade Cemetery Example

Abdül Halim Varol

Makale detayları

Grouping of Ornaments on the Late Ottoman Tombstones: Aydın Kuşadası Adalızade Cemetery Example

Yazarlar:

Abdül Halim Varol

Yayıncı:

Trakya University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Sanatları | Sanat Tarihi

Dergi:

Trakya Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.15 Issue 30, pp.113-135

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

7/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001354094

pISSN:

1309-7660

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 In Turkish art, ornamentation has had great importance for centuries and has been applied with a very rich repertoire in the decoration of artefacts. Gravestones are also among the important examples that directly reflect this richness. In the studies on gravestones, it is seen that the ornamentation is generally grouped according to their types under a title and evaluated on the basis of motifs. On the basis of this deficiency, the decorated Ottoman tombstones in Aydın Kuşadası Adalızade Cemetery are analysed in terms of their ornaments, and 9 different groups are identified in 150 of the 247 decorated tombstones with common ornamentation programme features. When the groups are evaluated within themselves and compared with other the late Ottoman tombstones, some data under the topics of date, gender and geography become apparent. In addition, when the common characteristics of the groups are examined, workshop-production centre characteristics that can be described as local, regional and general are identified. While 3 of the groups consist of artefacts found in a wide range of dates in the Ottoman geography, 2 groups are produced in a relatively narrow time interval in a central place such as Istanbul and provide data supporting the idea that they were sent from there to the coastal cities. In addition, the presence of a group whose examples are found in provinces close to the Aegean Sea and a group whose examples are not found outside the Adalızade Cemetery emphasises local and regional craftsmanship features. Therefore, this study aims to partially contribute to the elimination of this deficiency by emphasizing the importance of evaluating the ornamentation on the late Ottoman tombstones in groups in terms of the discipline of art history.

 In Turkish art, ornamentation has had great importance for centuries and has been applied with a very rich repertoire in the decoration of artefacts. Gravestones are also among the important examples that directly reflect this richness. In the studies on gravestones, it is seen that the ornamentation is generally grouped according to their types under a title and evaluated on the basis of motifs. On the basis of this deficiency, the decorated Ottoman tombstones in Aydın Kuşadası Adalızade Cemetery are analysed in terms of their ornaments, and 9 different groups are identified in 150 of the 247 decorated tombstones with common ornamentation programme features. When the groups are evaluated within themselves and compared with other the late Ottoman tombstones, some data under the topics of date, gender and geography become apparent. In addition, when the common characteristics of the groups are examined, workshop-production centre characteristics that can be described as local, regional and general are identified. While 3 of the groups consist of artefacts found in a wide range of dates in the Ottoman geography, 2 groups are produced in a relatively narrow time interval in a central place such as Istanbul and provide data supporting the idea that they were sent from there to the coastal cities. In addition, the presence of a group whose examples are found in provinces close to the Aegean Sea and a group whose examples are not found outside the Adalızade Cemetery emphasises local and regional craftsmanship features. Therefore, this study aims to partially contribute to the elimination of this deficiency by emphasizing the importance of evaluating the ornamentation on the late Ottoman tombstones in groups in terms of the discipline of art history.

 In Turkish art, ornamentation has had great importance for centuries and has been applied with a very rich repertoire in the decoration of artefacts. Gravestones are also among the important examples that directly reflect this richness. In the studies on gravestones, it is seen that the ornamentation is generally grouped according to their types under a title and evaluated on the basis of motifs. On the basis of this deficiency, the decorated Ottoman tombstones in Aydın Kuşadası Adalızade Cemetery are analysed in terms of their ornaments, and 9 different groups are identified in 150 of the 247 decorated tombstones with common ornamentation programme features. When the groups are evaluated within themselves and compared with other the late Ottoman tombstones, some data under the topics of date, gender and geography become apparent. In addition, when the common characteristics of the groups are examined, workshop-production centre characteristics that can be described as local, regional and general are identified. While 3 of the groups consist of artefacts found in a wide range of dates in the Ottoman geography, 2 groups are produced in a relatively narrow time interval in a central place such as Istanbul and provide data supporting the idea that they were sent from there to the coastal cities. In addition, the presence of a group whose examples are found in provinces close to the Aegean Sea and a group whose examples are not found outside the Adalızade Cemetery emphasises local and regional craftsmanship features. Therefore, this study aims to partially contribute to the elimination of this deficiency by emphasizing the importance of evaluating the ornamentation on the late Ottoman tombstones in groups in terms of the discipline of art history.

 Türk sanatında süsleme, yüzyıllar boyunca büyük öneme sahip olmuş ve eserlerin bezenmesinde oldukça zengin bir repertuarla uygulanmıştır. Mezar taşları da bu zenginliği doğrudan yansıtan önemli örnekler arasındadır. Mezar taşlarına yönelik yayınlarda süslemenin genellikle bir başlık dahilinde türlerine göre gruplandırılarak motif üzerinden değerlendirildiği görülmektedir. Bu eksiklikten hareketle, Aydın Kuşadası Adalızade Mezarlığındaki süslemeli Osmanlı mezar taşları süslemeleri itibarıyla incelenmiş, 247 mezar taşından ortak süsleme programı özelliklerine sahip 150 eserde 9 ayrı grup tespit edilmiştir. Gruplar kendi içlerinde değerlendirilip diğer geç dönem Osmanlı mezar taşları ile karşılaştırıldığında tarih, cinsiyet ve bulundukları coğrafya itibarıyla birtakım verilerin belirgin hale geldiği görülmektedir. Ayrıca gruplardaki benzerlikler incelendiğinde yerel, bölgesel ve genel olarak nitelendirebilecek atölye-üretim merkezi özellikleri öne çıkmaktadır. Bu bağlamda tespit edilen gruplardan 3ü Osmanlı coğrafyasında geniş tarih aralığında rastlanan eserlerden oluşmaktadır. 2 grup, nispeten dar bir zaman aralığına ait olup, İstanbul gibi merkezi bir yerde üretilerek buradan denize kıyısı olan şehirlere gönderildiği düşüncesini destekler nitelikte veriler sunmaktadır. Ayrıca Ege Denizine yakın konumdaki illerde örnekleri görülen 2 grup ile Adalızade Mezarlığı dışında örneklerine rastlanmayan grubun varlığı yerel ve bölgesel işçilik özelliklerini öne çıkarır niteliktedir. Bu çalışma, geç dönem Osmanlı mezar taşlarındaki süslemenin gruplar halinde değerlendirilmesinin sanat tarihi disiplini açısından taşıdığı önemi vurgulayarak bu konudaki eksikliğin giderilmesine kısmen de olsa katkı sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır.

Makale detayları

Grouping of Ornaments on the Late Ottoman Tombstones: Aydın Kuşadası Adalızade Cemetery Example

Yazarlar:

Abdül Halim Varol

Yayıncı:

Trakya University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Sanatları | Sanat Tarihi

Dergi:

Trakya Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.15 Issue 30, pp.113-135

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

7/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001354094

pISSN:

1309-7660

Turkish-Islamic Art

Ottoman Tombstone

Ornamental Composition

Aydın Kuşadası

Atelier-Production CentreTürk-İslam Sanatı

Osmanlı Mezar Taşı

Süsleme Kompozisyonu

Aydın Kuşadası

Atölye-Üretim Merkezi

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Abdül Halim Varol

Yayıncı: Trakya University

Ana Başlıklar: İslam Sanatları | Sanat Tarihi

Dergi: Trakya Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.15 Issue 30, pp.113-135

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 7/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001354094

pISSN: 1309-7660

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Abdül Halim Varol

Yayıncı:

Trakya University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Sanatları | Sanat Tarihi

Dergi:

Trakya Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.15 Issue 30, pp.113-135

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

7/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001354094

pISSN:

1309-7660