The Concept of ’God’, ’Despair’, ’Existence’ and ’Evil’ in Ingmar Bergman’s Trilogy and Virgin Spring

Gökhan Gürdal

Makale detayları

The Concept of ’God’, ’Despair’, ’Existence’ and ’Evil’ in Ingmar Bergman’s Trilogy and Virgin Spring

Yazarlar:

Gökhan Gürdal

Yayıncı:

Mersin University

Ana Başlıklar:

Estetik | Sanat Tarihi | Teori ve Eleştiri (Diğer)

Dergi:

Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi Issue 2, pp.312-327

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001330332

pISSN:

2148-9327

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 In this study, we have tried to analyze the movies Through Glass Darkly, Winter Light, and The Silence which constitute Bergmans Trilogy, and The Virgin Spring from the point of Existentialist philosophy. While doing that, we have focused on the fundamental concepts of Existentialist philosophy: God, Despair,  Existence and Evil. We have also tried to show the sources from Existentialist thought which the movies are influenced by. Bergman had planned to make Trilogy with a pre-determined plan and acted accordingly. The first movie, Through Glass Darkly, focused on interrogating the meaning of God in peoples lives who are very different from one another. It purposes to convey the message that any kind of view of God which does not have love in it is wrong and scary. For this reason, the movies characters who lack love have very disturbing images of God. Additionally, there are some critiques of artists views of existence and art itself. Isolating himselfherself from life and being ignorant about real life is the first critique. And relatedly the second critique is the fact that the artist who thinks that he is striving for eternity is striving for empty goals and mundane things. In the last movie of the Trilogy, Winter Light, the main topic is  despair. According to D. Shaw, Kierkegaardian philosophy especially the despair at not can not have a self defined over Sickness Unto Death can be found in the movie. Kierkegaard tries to define three types of despair and show the way out in his book. Those three types of despair are 1 Despair at not being conscious of having a self, 2 Despair at not being willing to be oneself, and 3 Despair at being willing to be oneself. Types of despair that the main characters of the movie had have been analyzed from the point of Existentialist cinema detailedly. The worst type of despair among others is despair at willing to be oneself and priest Tomas had fallen into this type of despair. In the last movie of the Trilogy, The Silence, silence is pervading with the true meaning of the word. This movie is like disconcerting the harmony of the Trilogy. But there are certainly some references to the formerprevious two movies. Two, possible stepsisters and a boy who is at the age around 8-9 are in a country that we neither know the name of nor the nationality, and most of the scenes were shot in a hotel room. The name of the city in the movie is Tiimoka. This word means somewheresomething belongs to hangman or hangmans place in Estonian. The reason why we added The Virgin Spring movie to this analysis is the similarities of topics with The Trilogy. The conflict of opposite religious cultures, Christianity and Paganism are told and what kind of understanding this conflict can provide related to the problem evil in philosophy is investigated.  Problem of Evil can be formulated as why evil exists or thought exists in the world, why an omnipotent God does not eliminate it, and why God permits evil to exist. When we proceed at the argument we confront either a God who is not omnipotent or a God who is permitting evil to exist voluntarily. Such an understanding of God contradicts to the concept of God who has absolute power and good. The solution offered in the movie for this philosophical problem is similar to Kierkegaardian fideism.

 In this study, we have tried to analyze the movies Through Glass Darkly, Winter Light, and The Silence which constitute Bergmans Trilogy, and The Virgin Spring from the point of Existentialist philosophy. While doing that, we have focused on the fundamental concepts of Existentialist philosophy: God, Despair,  Existence and Evil. We have also tried to show the sources from Existentialist thought which the movies are influenced by. Bergman had planned to make Trilogy with a pre-determined plan and acted accordingly. The first movie, Through Glass Darkly, focused on interrogating the meaning of God in peoples lives who are very different from one another. It purposes to convey the message that any kind of view of God which does not have love in it is wrong and scary. For this reason, the movies characters who lack love have very disturbing images of God. Additionally, there are some critiques of artists views of existence and art itself. Isolating himselfherself from life and being ignorant about real life is the first critique. And relatedly the second critique is the fact that the artist who thinks that he is striving for eternity is striving for empty goals and mundane things. In the last movie of the Trilogy, Winter Light, the main topic is  despair. According to D. Shaw, Kierkegaardian philosophy especially the despair at not can not have a self defined over Sickness Unto Death can be found in the movie. Kierkegaard tries to define three types of despair and show the way out in his book. Those three types of despair are 1 Despair at not being conscious of having a self, 2 Despair at not being willing to be oneself, and 3 Despair at being willing to be oneself. Types of despair that the main characters of the movie had have been analyzed from the point of Existentialist cinema detailedly. The worst type of despair among others is despair at willing to be oneself and priest Tomas had fallen into this type of despair. In the last movie of the Trilogy, The Silence, silence is pervading with the true meaning of the word. This movie is like disconcerting the harmony of the Trilogy. But there are certainly some references to the formerprevious two movies. Two, possible stepsisters and a boy who is at the age around 8-9 are in a country that we neither know the name of nor the nationality, and most of the scenes were shot in a hotel room. The name of the city in the movie is Tiimoka. This word means somewheresomething belongs to hangman or hangmans place in Estonian. The reason why we added The Virgin Spring movie to this analysis is the similarities of topics with The Trilogy. The conflict of opposite religious cultures, Christianity and Paganism are told and what kind of understanding this conflict can provide related to the problem evil in philosophy is investigated.  Problem of Evil can be formulated as why evil exists or thought exists in the world, why an omnipotent God does not eliminate it, and why God permits evil to exist. When we proceed at the argument we confront either a God who is not omnipotent or a God who is permitting evil to exist voluntarily. Such an understanding of God contradicts to the concept of God who has absolute power and good. The solution offered in the movie for this philosophical problem is similar to Kierkegaardian fideism.

 In this study, we have tried to analyze the movies Through Glass Darkly, Winter Light, and The Silence which constitute Bergmans Trilogy, and The Virgin Spring from the point of Existentialist philosophy. While doing that, we have focused on the fundamental concepts of Existentialist philosophy: God, Despair,  Existence and Evil. We have also tried to show the sources from Existentialist thought which the movies are influenced by. Bergman had planned to make Trilogy with a pre-determined plan and acted accordingly. The first movie, Through Glass Darkly, focused on interrogating the meaning of God in peoples lives who are very different from one another. It purposes to convey the message that any kind of view of God which does not have love in it is wrong and scary. For this reason, the movies characters who lack love have very disturbing images of God. Additionally, there are some critiques of artists views of existence and art itself. Isolating himselfherself from life and being ignorant about real life is the first critique. And relatedly the second critique is the fact that the artist who thinks that he is striving for eternity is striving for empty goals and mundane things. In the last movie of the Trilogy, Winter Light, the main topic is  despair. According to D. Shaw, Kierkegaardian philosophy especially the despair at not can not have a self defined over Sickness Unto Death can be found in the movie. Kierkegaard tries to define three types of despair and show the way out in his book. Those three types of despair are 1 Despair at not being conscious of having a self, 2 Despair at not being willing to be oneself, and 3 Despair at being willing to be oneself. Types of despair that the main characters of the movie had have been analyzed from the point of Existentialist cinema detailedly. The worst type of despair among others is despair at willing to be oneself and priest Tomas had fallen into this type of despair. In the last movie of the Trilogy, The Silence, silence is pervading with the true meaning of the word. This movie is like disconcerting the harmony of the Trilogy. But there are certainly some references to the formerprevious two movies. Two, possible stepsisters and a boy who is at the age around 8-9 are in a country that we neither know the name of nor the nationality, and most of the scenes were shot in a hotel room. The name of the city in the movie is Tiimoka. This word means somewheresomething belongs to hangman or hangmans place in Estonian. The reason why we added The Virgin Spring movie to this analysis is the similarities of topics with The Trilogy. The conflict of opposite religious cultures, Christianity and Paganism are told and what kind of understanding this conflict can provide related to the problem evil in philosophy is investigated.  Problem of Evil can be formulated as why evil exists or thought exists in the world, why an omnipotent God does not eliminate it, and why God permits evil to exist. When we proceed at the argument we confront either a God who is not omnipotent or a God who is permitting evil to exist voluntarily. Such an understanding of God contradicts to the concept of God who has absolute power and good. The solution offered in the movie for this philosophical problem is similar to Kierkegaardian fideism.

 Bu çalışmada Ingmar Bergmanın Üçlemesini oluşturan Aynadaki Gibi, Kış Işığı ve Sessizlik filmlerine ek olarak Genç Kız Pınarı filmini Varoluşçu felsefe açısından incelemeye çalıştık. Bunu yaparken Varoluşçu felsefenin temel kavramlarından olan Tanrı, Umutsuzluk, Varoluş ve Kötülük kavramlarına odaklandık. Filmleri analiz ederken onların etkilendikleri Varoluşçu düşünceye ait kaynakları da göstermeye çalıştık. Bergman, Üçlemeyi belirli bir plan dahilinde çekmeyi tasarlamış ve bu plana uygun biçimde sinemaya aktarmıştır. İlk film olan Aynadaki Gibi filmi, birbirinden farklı insanların hayatında Tanrının ne anlama geldiğini sorgulamaya odaklanmıştır. Içinde sevgi olmayan her türlü Tanrı anlayışının aslında yanlış ve korkutucu olduğunu mesajını vermeyi amaçlar. Bu sebeple filmdeki sevgi yoksunluğu çeken karakterlerin Tanrı imgeleri rahatsız edici derecede korkutucudur. Ayrıca filmde sanata ve sanatçının varoluşa ilişkin görüşlerine eleştiriler mevcuttur. Sanatçının kendisini yaşamdan izole etmesi ve gerçek anlamda yaşam hakkında cahil olduğu eleştirisi bu eleştirilerin ilkidir. Bununla bağlantılı olarak ikinci eleştiri ise; Sonsuzluğun peşinde koştuğunu düşünen sanatçının aslında boş hayaller ve dünyevi şeyler peşinde olduğu olgusudur. Üçlemenin ikinci filmi olan Kış Işığında ise temel konu umutsuzluktur. Shawa göre filmde Kierkegaardın felsefesi, özellikle de Ölümcül Hastalık Umutsuzluk adlı eser üzerinden tanımlanan bir bene sahip olmamaolamama umutsuzluğu açık bir biçimde bulunabilir. Kierkegaard, eserinde üç türlü umutsuzluk tipini tanımlar ve çıkış yolunu göstermeye çalışır. Bu üç tür umutsuzluk: 1 Bir Bene Sahip Olmama Bilincinde Olmama Umutsuzluğu, 2 Kendi Olmayı İstememe Umutsuzluğu ve 3 Kendi Olmayı İsteme Umutsuzluğudur. Filmin başkarakterlerinin yaşadıkları umutsuzluk türleri Varoluşçu sinema açısından ayrıntılı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Üç türlü umutsuzluk içerisinde en kötüsü kendi olmayı isteme umutsuzluğudur ve papaz Tomasın içine düştüğü umutsuzluk da bu türdendir. Üçlemenin son filmi olan Sessizlik filminde ise kelimenin tam anlamıyla bir sessizlik hakimdir. Bu film Üçlemenin ahengini bozar gibidir. Ancak önceki iki filme göndermelerin olduğu şüphesizdir. İki, üvey olmaları kuvvetle muhtemel, kız kardeş ve 8-9 yaşlarında bir çocuğun ne adı ne de milliyetleri hakkında bilgi sahibi olduğumuz bir ülkededirler ve sahnelerin çoğu bir otel odasında geçer. Filmdeki şehrin adı Tiimokadır. Bu kelime Estonca Cellata Ait OlanCelladın Yeri anlamına gelir. Filmde bir Tanrıdan, onun varlığından ya da yokluğundan bahsedilmez. Buna karşın sanki Tanrı bu film içerisinde adeta gizlenmiştir. Aslında ondan bahsetmeyerek ya da susarak bahsedilmektedir. Büyük olasılıkla filmin adı bu sebeple Sessizliktir. Genç Kız Pınarı filminin bu incelemeye dahil etmemizin nedeni, basitçe Üçleme ile olan konu benzerliğidir. Birbirine zıt dinsel kültürler olan Hristiyanlık ile Paganizmin çatışması anlatılmakta ve bu çatışmanın, felsefedeki kötülük problemi ile ilgili nasıl anlayış sağlayabileceği irdelenmektedir. Kötülük problemi, dünyada var olan kötülüğün kadir-i mutlak Tanrı tarafından neden yok edilmediği, neden bunca kötülüğün var olmasına izin verildiği şeklinde formüle edilebilir. Argüman ilerletildiğinde ya her şeye gücü yetmeyen ya da kötülüğe bilerek ve isteyerek izin veren bir Tanrıyla karşılaşırız. Böylesi bir Tanrı anlayışı da sonsuz güç ve iyilik sahibi Tanrı anlaşıyla uyuşmaz. Filmin bu felsefi probleme çözüm önerisi Kierkegaardçı fideizmle benzerdir.

Makale detayları

The Concept of ’God’, ’Despair’, ’Existence’ and ’Evil’ in Ingmar Bergman’s Trilogy and Virgin Spring

Yazarlar:

Gökhan Gürdal

Yayıncı:

Mersin University

Ana Başlıklar:

Estetik | Sanat Tarihi | Teori ve Eleştiri (Diğer)

Dergi:

Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi Issue 2, pp.312-327

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001330332

pISSN:

2148-9327

Ingmar Bergman

Trilogy

Existentialist philosophy

God

Despair

Existence

Evil

Existentialist cinemaIngmar Bergman

Üçleme

Varoluşçu felsefe

Tanrı

Umutsuzluk

Varoluş

Kötülük

Varoluşçu sinema

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Gökhan Gürdal

Yayıncı: Mersin University

Ana Başlıklar: Estetik | Sanat Tarihi | Teori ve Eleştiri (Diğer)

Dergi: Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi Issue 2, pp.312-327

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 10/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001330332

pISSN: 2148-9327

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Gökhan Gürdal

Yayıncı:

Mersin University

Ana Başlıklar:

Estetik | Sanat Tarihi | Teori ve Eleştiri (Diğer)

Dergi:

Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi Issue 2, pp.312-327

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001330332

pISSN:

2148-9327