Theoretical Approaches and Practical Methods to Support the Development of Spiritual Intelligence

Zeynep Karlık

Makale detayları

Theoretical Approaches and Practical Methods to Support the Development of Spiritual Intelligence

Yazarlar:

Zeynep Karlık

Yayıncı:

Motif Yayıncılık

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Araştırmaları (Diğer)

Dergi:

Dini Araştırmalar Issue 68, pp.379-413

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001351815

pISSN:

1301-966X

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 With the discovery of the theory of multiple intelligences, there has been an increase in studies on spiritual intelligence. The concept of spiritual intelligence was first used by Gardner and addressed as a construct by Emmons. Spiritual intelligence is defined as the ability to be connected to a greater whole beyond the sense of self. This connection occurs vertically as a connection to the divine and horizontally as a desire to be connected to other people and living beings and to serve them. Individuals who understand the sub-dimensions of spiritual intelligence, such as life purpose and self, who are conscientious, compassionate, prioritize human values, and are committed to humanity, are seen to have high levels of spiritual intelligence. Individuals with high levels of spiritual intelligence can evaluate events from a more holistic perspective and are better able to cope with the difficulties encountered in life. It can be seen that religious practices increase neurotic tendencies during challenging life events. Studies have shown that in such cases, spiritual methods help cope with situations such as stress, depression, and trauma. It is known that spiritual methods that will enable the development of spiritual intelligence are supportive for learning in the field of education, in addition to their health benefits. It is known that individuals with high spiritual intelligence have higher skills in achieving and sustaining success. Spiritual intelligence also supports emotional development by providing positive attitudes and behaviors. Developing the spiritual intelligence of employees in business life has become the most important way to ensure the continuity of organizations. The importance of spiritual intelligence in health, education and business life is increasing day by day. Therefore, the research question is identifying methods that support the development of individuals spiritual intelligence. In this context, the aim of the study is to examine theoretical approaches and practical methods that will enable the development of spiritual intelligence, which is an important element of success and happiness in the lives of individuals. In the research, the sub-dimensions of spiritual intelligence were examined and the practices that would support these dimensions were evaluated. The results of the research, which is a compilation introduced through literature review, aim to guide the development of spiritual intelligence with theoretical approaches and practical methods to be applied in the family, schools and workplaces, especially in the process of spiritual counseling and guidance. As a result, theoretical approaches that support the development of spiritual intelligence, such as meaning-making, acceptance, and moral values-centered thinking, can be applied in the counseling process. In this way, the development of spiritual intelligence can be achieved through actions at the cognitive level. Practical methods that provide the development of spiritual intelligence through actions at the behavioral level are classified into three categories: individual, social, and religious methods. Individual practical methods can be stated as being engaged in science, encouraging questioning, being calm, demanding good ideas, staying away from discussions, not overeating, writing poetry and being engaged in art. Among social practical methods, spiritual intelligence can be developed through gift giving and volunteering. Among religious practical applications, it can be stated that prayer, patience, gratitude, trust, itikaf, contemplation, and worship practices that do not cause negative religious coping develop spiritual intelligence.

 With the discovery of the theory of multiple intelligences, there has been an increase in studies on spiritual intelligence. The concept of spiritual intelligence was first used by Gardner and addressed as a construct by Emmons. Spiritual intelligence is defined as the ability to be connected to a greater whole beyond the sense of self. This connection occurs vertically as a connection to the divine and horizontally as a desire to be connected to other people and living beings and to serve them. Individuals who understand the sub-dimensions of spiritual intelligence, such as life purpose and self, who are conscientious, compassionate, prioritize human values, and are committed to humanity, are seen to have high levels of spiritual intelligence. Individuals with high levels of spiritual intelligence can evaluate events from a more holistic perspective and are better able to cope with the difficulties encountered in life. It can be seen that religious practices increase neurotic tendencies during challenging life events. Studies have shown that in such cases, spiritual methods help cope with situations such as stress, depression, and trauma. It is known that spiritual methods that will enable the development of spiritual intelligence are supportive for learning in the field of education, in addition to their health benefits. It is known that individuals with high spiritual intelligence have higher skills in achieving and sustaining success. Spiritual intelligence also supports emotional development by providing positive attitudes and behaviors. Developing the spiritual intelligence of employees in business life has become the most important way to ensure the continuity of organizations. The importance of spiritual intelligence in health, education and business life is increasing day by day. Therefore, the research question is identifying methods that support the development of individuals spiritual intelligence. In this context, the aim of the study is to examine theoretical approaches and practical methods that will enable the development of spiritual intelligence, which is an important element of success and happiness in the lives of individuals. In the research, the sub-dimensions of spiritual intelligence were examined and the practices that would support these dimensions were evaluated. The results of the research, which is a compilation introduced through literature review, aim to guide the development of spiritual intelligence with theoretical approaches and practical methods to be applied in the family, schools and workplaces, especially in the process of spiritual counseling and guidance. As a result, theoretical approaches that support the development of spiritual intelligence, such as meaning-making, acceptance, and moral values-centered thinking, can be applied in the counseling process. In this way, the development of spiritual intelligence can be achieved through actions at the cognitive level. Practical methods that provide the development of spiritual intelligence through actions at the behavioral level are classified into three categories: individual, social, and religious methods. Individual practical methods can be stated as being engaged in science, encouraging questioning, being calm, demanding good ideas, staying away from discussions, not overeating, writing poetry and being engaged in art. Among social practical methods, spiritual intelligence can be developed through gift giving and volunteering. Among religious practical applications, it can be stated that prayer, patience, gratitude, trust, itikaf, contemplation, and worship practices that do not cause negative religious coping develop spiritual intelligence.

 With the discovery of the theory of multiple intelligences, there has been an increase in studies on spiritual intelligence. The concept of spiritual intelligence was first used by Gardner and addressed as a construct by Emmons. Spiritual intelligence is defined as the ability to be connected to a greater whole beyond the sense of self. This connection occurs vertically as a connection to the divine and horizontally as a desire to be connected to other people and living beings and to serve them. Individuals who understand the sub-dimensions of spiritual intelligence, such as life purpose and self, who are conscientious, compassionate, prioritize human values, and are committed to humanity, are seen to have high levels of spiritual intelligence. Individuals with high levels of spiritual intelligence can evaluate events from a more holistic perspective and are better able to cope with the difficulties encountered in life. It can be seen that religious practices increase neurotic tendencies during challenging life events. Studies have shown that in such cases, spiritual methods help cope with situations such as stress, depression, and trauma. It is known that spiritual methods that will enable the development of spiritual intelligence are supportive for learning in the field of education, in addition to their health benefits. It is known that individuals with high spiritual intelligence have higher skills in achieving and sustaining success. Spiritual intelligence also supports emotional development by providing positive attitudes and behaviors. Developing the spiritual intelligence of employees in business life has become the most important way to ensure the continuity of organizations. The importance of spiritual intelligence in health, education and business life is increasing day by day. Therefore, the research question is identifying methods that support the development of individuals spiritual intelligence. In this context, the aim of the study is to examine theoretical approaches and practical methods that will enable the development of spiritual intelligence, which is an important element of success and happiness in the lives of individuals. In the research, the sub-dimensions of spiritual intelligence were examined and the practices that would support these dimensions were evaluated. The results of the research, which is a compilation introduced through literature review, aim to guide the development of spiritual intelligence with theoretical approaches and practical methods to be applied in the family, schools and workplaces, especially in the process of spiritual counseling and guidance. As a result, theoretical approaches that support the development of spiritual intelligence, such as meaning-making, acceptance, and moral values-centered thinking, can be applied in the counseling process. In this way, the development of spiritual intelligence can be achieved through actions at the cognitive level. Practical methods that provide the development of spiritual intelligence through actions at the behavioral level are classified into three categories: individual, social, and religious methods. Individual practical methods can be stated as being engaged in science, encouraging questioning, being calm, demanding good ideas, staying away from discussions, not overeating, writing poetry and being engaged in art. Among social practical methods, spiritual intelligence can be developed through gift giving and volunteering. Among religious practical applications, it can be stated that prayer, patience, gratitude, trust, itikaf, contemplation, and worship practices that do not cause negative religious coping develop spiritual intelligence.

 Çoklu zekâ kuramının keşfiyle birlikte manevi zekâya dair yapılan çalışmalarda artış görülmektedir. Manevi zekâ kavramı ilk olarak Gardner tarafından kullanılmış, Emmons tarafından yapı olarak ele alınmıştır. Manevi zekâ benlik duygusunun ötesinde büyük bir bütünle bağlantılı olma yeteneği olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu bağlantı dikey olarak ilahî olana bağlanma, yatay olarak diğer insanlarla ve canlılarla bağlantılı olma ve onlara hizmet etme arzusu olarak meydana gelmektedir. Manevi zekânın alt boyutları olan yaşam amacını ve kendini anlayan, vicdanlı, merhametli olan, insani değerlere öncelik veren ve insanlığa bağlılık gösteren bireylerin manevi zekâ düzeylerinin yüksek olduğu görülmektedir. Manevi zekâ düzeyi yüksek olan bireyler olayları daha bütünsel açıdan değerlendirebilmekte ve yaşamda karşılaşılan zorluklarla daha iyi başa çıkma becerisi gösterebilmektedir. Zorlayıcı yaşam olayları sırasında dinî uygulamaların nevrotik eğilimleri arttırdığı görülebilmektedir. Yapılan araştırmalar bu gibi durumlarda manevi metotların stres, depresyon ve travma gibi durumlarda başa çıkmaya yardımcı olduğunu göstermektedir. Manevi zekânın gelişimini sağlayacak manevi metotların sağlık alanındaki faydalarının yanında eğitim alanında öğrenmeyi destekleyici unsur olduğu bilinmektedir. Manevi zekâsı yüksek olan bireylerin başarıya ulaşmakta ve sürdürmekte daha yüksek beceriye sahip olduğu bilinmektedir. Manevi zekâ olumlu tutum ve davranışları sağlayarak duygusal gelişimi de desteklemektedir. İş yaşamında çalışanların manevi zekâlarının geliştirilmesi organizasyonların devamlılığının sağlanmasının en önemli yolu haline gelmiştir. Sağlık, eğitim ve iş yaşamında manevi zekânın önemi her geçen gün artmaktadır. Bu nedenle bu araştırmanın problemi bireylerin manevi zekâlarının gelişimini destekleyen metotların neler olduğudur. Bu doğrultuda çalışmanın amacı bireylerin yaşamlarındaki başarı ve mutluluğun önemli unsurlarından olan manevi zekânın gelişimini sağlayacak teorik yaklaşımları ve pratik metotları incelemektir. Araştırmada manevi zekânın alt boyutları incelenerek bu boyutları destekleyecek uygulamalar değerlendirilmiştir. Literatür taraması yoluyla tanıtma türünde bir derleme niteliğindeki araştırmanın sonuçları manevi danışmanlık ve rehberlik süreci başta olmak üzere, ailede, okullarda ve işyerlerinde uygulanacak teorik yaklaşımlar ve pratik metotlarla manevi zekânın gelişimine rehberlik etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Sonuç olarak manevi zekâ gelişimini destekleyen teorik yaklaşımlar olan anlam oluşturma, kabul etme, ahlaki değerler merkezli düşünme danışmanlık sürecinde uygulanabilir. Bu şekilde bilişsel düzeydeki eylemlerle manevi zekânın gelişimi sağlanılabilir. Davranışsal düzeydeki eylemlerle manevi zekâ gelişimini sağlayan pratik metotlar; bireysel, sosyal ve dinî metotlar olarak üç kategoride sınıflandırılmıştır. Bireysel pratik metotlar; ilimle meşgul olma, sorgulamaya teşvik etme, sükûnet, iyi fikirleri talep etme, tartışmalardan uzak durma, aşırı yemek yememe, şiir yazma ve sanatla meşgul olma olarak söylenebilir. Sosyal pratik metotlardan hediyeleşme ve gönüllülük esaslı yardımlarla manevi zekânın gelişmesi sağlanabilir. Dinî pratik uygulamalardan olumsuz dinî başa çıkmaya neden olmayacak şekilde dua, sabır, şükür, tevekkül, itikaf, tefekkür ve ibadetlerin manevi zekâyı geliştirdikleri söylenebilir.

Makale detayları

Theoretical Approaches and Practical Methods to Support the Development of Spiritual Intelligence

Yazarlar:

Zeynep Karlık

Yayıncı:

Motif Yayıncılık

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Araştırmaları (Diğer)

Dergi:

Dini Araştırmalar Issue 68, pp.379-413

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001351815

pISSN:

1301-966X

Psychology of Religion

Spiritual Counseling and Guidance

Spiritual Intelligence

Spiritual Development

Spiritual MethodsDin Psikolojisi

Manevi Danışmanlık ve Rehberlik

Manevi zekâ

Manevi Gelişim

Manevi Metotlar

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Zeynep Karlık

Yayıncı: Motif Yayıncılık

Ana Başlıklar: İslam Araştırmaları (Diğer)

Dergi: Dini Araştırmalar Issue 68, pp.379-413

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001351815

pISSN: 1301-966X

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Zeynep Karlık

Yayıncı:

Motif Yayıncılık

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Araştırmaları (Diğer)

Dergi:

Dini Araştırmalar Issue 68, pp.379-413

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001351815

pISSN:

1301-966X