The Effect of Sex on the Turkish Voice Spectrum

Cemil Yılmaz; Erhan Demirhan; Şerife Nur Biçen

Makale detayları

The Effect of Sex on the Turkish Voice Spectrum

Yazarlar:

Cemil Yılmaz | Erhan Demirhan | Şerife Nur Biçen

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Otorhinolaryngology

Dergi:

The Turkish Journal of Ear Nose and Throat Vol.35 Issue 2, pp.71-79

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

11/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001354867

pISSN:

2602-4837

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Objective: The Long-Term Average Spectrum LTAS of voice is a functional method used to discriminate various voice qualities. In this study, the voice quality characteristics of Turkish female and male speakers were examined and compared through voice spectra created with LTAS. Material and Methods: 30 male and 30 female speakers with typical voices, aged 18 to 50, were required to read a text at a habitual pitch and loudness. The recorded speech samples were used to create voice spectra containing 75 bands with a bandwidth of 160 Hz and covering the range from 0 to 12 kHz. The spectral tilt ST of the voice spectra was also compared between the sexes. Results: Multiple comparisons revealed that there were significant intensity differences between sexes at the band regions of 0160 Hz, 160320 Hz, 640960 Hz, 28803040, 40005120 Hz where females had higher intensities than males except for the band of 0160 Hz. STs of females were found to be significantly lower than those of males. Conclusion: All significant band differences between the sexes were below 6 kHz, and both sexes had a rather flat-spectrum above 6 kHz. Females had significantly higher intensities around the region of 28803040 Hz, because of aspiration noise caused by the possible posterior glottal gap during phonation. Females had shallower STs than males, indicating that females had greater hyperfunctional voice quality. The voice spectrum characteristics of Turkish speakers were compared with those of other studies and found more similarities with Spanish than Persian.

 Objective: The Long-Term Average Spectrum LTAS of voice is a functional method used to discriminate various voice qualities. In this study, the voice quality characteristics of Turkish female and male speakers were examined and compared through voice spectra created with LTAS. Material and Methods: 30 male and 30 female speakers with typical voices, aged 18 to 50, were required to read a text at a habitual pitch and loudness. The recorded speech samples were used to create voice spectra containing 75 bands with a bandwidth of 160 Hz and covering the range from 0 to 12 kHz. The spectral tilt ST of the voice spectra was also compared between the sexes. Results: Multiple comparisons revealed that there were significant intensity differences between sexes at the band regions of 0160 Hz, 160320 Hz, 640960 Hz, 28803040, 40005120 Hz where females had higher intensities than males except for the band of 0160 Hz. STs of females were found to be significantly lower than those of males. Conclusion: All significant band differences between the sexes were below 6 kHz, and both sexes had a rather flat-spectrum above 6 kHz. Females had significantly higher intensities around the region of 28803040 Hz, because of aspiration noise caused by the possible posterior glottal gap during phonation. Females had shallower STs than males, indicating that females had greater hyperfunctional voice quality. The voice spectrum characteristics of Turkish speakers were compared with those of other studies and found more similarities with Spanish than Persian.

 Objective: The Long-Term Average Spectrum LTAS of voice is a functional method used to discriminate various voice qualities. In this study, the voice quality characteristics of Turkish female and male speakers were examined and compared through voice spectra created with LTAS. Material and Methods: 30 male and 30 female speakers with typical voices, aged 18 to 50, were required to read a text at a habitual pitch and loudness. The recorded speech samples were used to create voice spectra containing 75 bands with a bandwidth of 160 Hz and covering the range from 0 to 12 kHz. The spectral tilt ST of the voice spectra was also compared between the sexes. Results: Multiple comparisons revealed that there were significant intensity differences between sexes at the band regions of 0160 Hz, 160320 Hz, 640960 Hz, 28803040, 40005120 Hz where females had higher intensities than males except for the band of 0160 Hz. STs of females were found to be significantly lower than those of males. Conclusion: All significant band differences between the sexes were below 6 kHz, and both sexes had a rather flat-spectrum above 6 kHz. Females had significantly higher intensities around the region of 28803040 Hz, because of aspiration noise caused by the possible posterior glottal gap during phonation. Females had shallower STs than males, indicating that females had greater hyperfunctional voice quality. The voice spectrum characteristics of Turkish speakers were compared with those of other studies and found more similarities with Spanish than Persian.

 Objective: The Long-Term Average Spectrum LTAS of voice is a functional method used to discriminate various voice qualities. In this study, the voice quality characteristics of Turkish female and male speakers were examined and compared through voice spectra created with LTAS. Material and Methods: 30 male and 30 female speakers with typical voices, aged 18 to 50, were required to read a text at a habitual pitch and loudness. The recorded speech samples were used to create voice spectra containing 75 bands with a bandwidth of 160 Hz and covering the range from 0 to 12 kHz. The spectral tilt ST of the voice spectra was also compared between the sexes. Results: Multiple comparisons revealed that there were significant intensity differences between sexes at the band regions of 0160 Hz, 160320 Hz, 640960 Hz, 28803040, 40005120 Hz where females had higher intensities than males except for the band of 0160 Hz. STs of females were found to be significantly lower than those of males. Conclusion: All significant band differences between the sexes were below 6 kHz, and both sexes had a rather flat-spectrum above 6 kHz. Females had significantly higher intensities around the region of 28803040 Hz, because of aspiration noise caused by the possible posterior glottal gap during phonation. Females had shallower STs than males, indicating that females had greater hyperfunctional voice quality. The voice spectrum characteristics of Turkish speakers were compared with those of other studies and found more similarities with Spanish than Persian.

Makale detayları

The Effect of Sex on the Turkish Voice Spectrum

Yazarlar:

Cemil Yılmaz | Erhan Demirhan | Şerife Nur Biçen

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Otorhinolaryngology

Dergi:

The Turkish Journal of Ear Nose and Throat Vol.35 Issue 2, pp.71-79

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

11/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001354867

pISSN:

2602-4837

Voice

Spectrum Analysis

Voice Quality

Sex

Sayı

Makale detayları

The Effect of Sex on the Turkish Voice Spectrum

Yazarlar: Cemil Yılmaz | Erhan Demirhan | Şerife Nur Biçen

Yayıncı: Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar: Otorhinolaryngology

Dergi: The Turkish Journal of Ear Nose and Throat Vol.35 Issue 2, pp.71-79

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 11/2025

Belge Dili: İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.): 2001354867

pISSN: 2602-4837

Voice

Spectrum Analysis

Voice Quality

Sex

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Cemil Yılmaz | Erhan Demirhan | Şerife Nur Biçen

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Otorhinolaryngology

Dergi:

The Turkish Journal of Ear Nose and Throat Vol.35 Issue 2, pp.71-79

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

11/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001354867

pISSN:

2602-4837