A Hidden Treasure in Sakarya from the Westernisation Period: Hand-Drawn Decorations in Taraklı Yunus Pasha Mosque

Gülsen Tezcan Kaya; Esra Durmuş

Makale detayları

A Hidden Treasure in Sakarya from the Westernisation Period: Hand-Drawn Decorations in Taraklı Yunus Pasha Mosque

Yazarlar:

Gülsen Tezcan Kaya | Esra Durmuş

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Sanatları | Kültürel ve Doğal Miras | Sanat Tarihi

Dergi:

Sanat Tarihi Yıllığı Issue 33, pp.261-302

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001323463

pISSN:

0579-4080

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The Yunus Pasha Mosque, located in the Taraklı district of Sakarya province and dating back to the 16th century, was built in the style of Ottoman mosques, consisting of a dome-covered square-planned harbour, and a three-section narthex in front of the northern wall of this harim. The building is important in terms of the decoration program in the Ottoman art of the Westernization Period, with its original hand-drawn works that have survived to the present day. In this research, the old and new versions of the hand-drawn decorations were studied comparatively, as a result of revealing the original patterns before the restoration of 1993 with the mechanical scraping made in the harim during the restoration that was launched by the General Directorate of Foundations in 2023. These decorations were analysed in regard to their style and compositional features, and where they stood in the decorative programme of the Ottoman Westernisation Period was discussed. Flower bouquets, curtain and oil lamp motifs, chain patterns, writing, geometric motifs, and inscribed medallions were hand-drawn on the plaster in the harim of the building, concordant with the decorative programme that started to become fashionable in Ottoman architecture in the 18th century. In addition, the depiction of medallions with their nails as a painting on the wall, which is not encountered in other examples of religious architecture, is an indication of the rich imagination of the artists Black, yellow, brick colour, blue and red constitute the colour scheme of these decorations. When the decorations, which are believed to be the work of local artists, are examined on the basis of their style and composition, two different periods stand out. These periods, dated to the latter half of the 19th century and the early 20th century, are also significant in terms of revealing diverse elements in the decorative programme.

 The Yunus Pasha Mosque, located in the Taraklı district of Sakarya province and dating back to the 16th century, was built in the style of Ottoman mosques, consisting of a dome-covered square-planned harbour, and a three-section narthex in front of the northern wall of this harim. The building is important in terms of the decoration program in the Ottoman art of the Westernization Period, with its original hand-drawn works that have survived to the present day. In this research, the old and new versions of the hand-drawn decorations were studied comparatively, as a result of revealing the original patterns before the restoration of 1993 with the mechanical scraping made in the harim during the restoration that was launched by the General Directorate of Foundations in 2023. These decorations were analysed in regard to their style and compositional features, and where they stood in the decorative programme of the Ottoman Westernisation Period was discussed. Flower bouquets, curtain and oil lamp motifs, chain patterns, writing, geometric motifs, and inscribed medallions were hand-drawn on the plaster in the harim of the building, concordant with the decorative programme that started to become fashionable in Ottoman architecture in the 18th century. In addition, the depiction of medallions with their nails as a painting on the wall, which is not encountered in other examples of religious architecture, is an indication of the rich imagination of the artists Black, yellow, brick colour, blue and red constitute the colour scheme of these decorations. When the decorations, which are believed to be the work of local artists, are examined on the basis of their style and composition, two different periods stand out. These periods, dated to the latter half of the 19th century and the early 20th century, are also significant in terms of revealing diverse elements in the decorative programme.

 The Yunus Pasha Mosque, located in the Taraklı district of Sakarya province and dating back to the 16th century, was built in the style of Ottoman mosques, consisting of a dome-covered square-planned harbour, and a three-section narthex in front of the northern wall of this harim. The building is important in terms of the decoration program in the Ottoman art of the Westernization Period, with its original hand-drawn works that have survived to the present day. In this research, the old and new versions of the hand-drawn decorations were studied comparatively, as a result of revealing the original patterns before the restoration of 1993 with the mechanical scraping made in the harim during the restoration that was launched by the General Directorate of Foundations in 2023. These decorations were analysed in regard to their style and compositional features, and where they stood in the decorative programme of the Ottoman Westernisation Period was discussed. Flower bouquets, curtain and oil lamp motifs, chain patterns, writing, geometric motifs, and inscribed medallions were hand-drawn on the plaster in the harim of the building, concordant with the decorative programme that started to become fashionable in Ottoman architecture in the 18th century. In addition, the depiction of medallions with their nails as a painting on the wall, which is not encountered in other examples of religious architecture, is an indication of the rich imagination of the artists Black, yellow, brick colour, blue and red constitute the colour scheme of these decorations. When the decorations, which are believed to be the work of local artists, are examined on the basis of their style and composition, two different periods stand out. These periods, dated to the latter half of the 19th century and the early 20th century, are also significant in terms of revealing diverse elements in the decorative programme.

 Sakarya ili Taraklı ilçesinde bulunan ve 16. yüzyıla tarihlendirilen Yunus Paşa Camii, üzeri kubbe ile örtülü ve kare planlı bir harimden ve bu harimin kuzey duvarı önünde üç bölümlü son cemaat yerinden oluşan Osmanlı camileri tarzında inşa edilmiştir. Yapı, günümüze ulaşan özgün kalemişleri ile Batılılaşma Dönemi Osmanlı sanatında bezeme programı açısından önemlidir. Bu araştırmada, 2023te Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğünce başlatılan restorasyonda harimde yapılan mekanik raspa ile 1993 yılı restorasyonu öncesindeki özgün desenlerin açığa çıkarılması sonucu kalemişi bezemelerin, eski ve yeni hali karşılaştırmalı olarak çalışılmış ve bu bezemeler üslup, kompozisyon özellikleri açısından değerlendirilerek bezemelerin, Osmanlı Batılılaşma Dönemi süsleme programının içinde durduğu yer tartışılmıştır. Yapının hariminde sıva üzerinde, Osmanlı Mimarisinde 18. yüzyılda moda olmaya başlayan süsleme programından saplarından bağlanmış çiçek buketleri, perde ve kandil motifleri, zincir desenleri, yazı, geometrik motifler, yazı madalyonları kalemişi olarak uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca başka dini mimari örneklerde rastlanmayan madalyonların çivisi ile birlikte duvara resim olarak betimi, sanatçıların hayal gücünün zenginliğinin de göstergesidir. Renk olarak, siyah, sarı, kiremit rengi, mavi ve kırmızı ağırlıklı olarak kullanılmıştır. Yerel sanatçılar tarafından uygulandığı düşünülen bezemeler, üslup ve kompozisyon açısından değerlendirildiğinde iki ayrı dönem göze çarpar. 19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısı ve 20. yüzyılın başına tarihlendirilen bu dönemler, süsleme programındaki farklı öğeleri ortaya koyması bakımından da önemlidir.

Makale detayları

A Hidden Treasure in Sakarya from the Westernisation Period: Hand-Drawn Decorations in Taraklı Yunus Pasha Mosque

Yazarlar:

Gülsen Tezcan Kaya | Esra Durmuş

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Sanatları | Kültürel ve Doğal Miras | Sanat Tarihi

Dergi:

Sanat Tarihi Yıllığı Issue 33, pp.261-302

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001323463

pISSN:

0579-4080

Sakarya Taraklı

Yunus Pasha Mosque

Hand-drawn decoration

Westernisation Period

RestorationSakarya Taraklı

Yunus Paşa Cami

Kalemişi bezeme

Batılılaşma Dönemi

Restorasyon

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Gülsen Tezcan Kaya | Esra Durmuş

Yayıncı: Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar: İslam Sanatları | Kültürel ve Doğal Miras | Sanat Tarihi

Dergi: Sanat Tarihi Yıllığı Issue 33, pp.261-302

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001323463

pISSN: 0579-4080

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Gülsen Tezcan Kaya | Esra Durmuş

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Sanatları | Kültürel ve Doğal Miras | Sanat Tarihi

Dergi:

Sanat Tarihi Yıllığı Issue 33, pp.261-302

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001323463

pISSN:

0579-4080