The Image of the Nation in Crisis in Iraqi Writer Muhammad Saber Obaid’s Novel Named “Hataun Maksûd” in the Light of Social Realism: A Critical Analytical Research

İrfan Kaya

Makale detayları

The Image of the Nation in Crisis in Iraqi Writer Muhammad Saber Obaid’s Novel Named “Hataun Maksûd” in the Light of Social Realism: A Critical Analytical Research

Yazarlar:

İrfan Kaya

Yayıncı:

Eskişehir Osmangazi University

Ana Başlıklar:

Arap Dili ve Belagatı

Dergi:

Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.11 Issue 2, pp.821-839

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2024

Belge Dili:

Arapça

Document ID (Org No.):

2001325963

pISSN:

2147-8171

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 This research dealt with the term social realism in the novel text labelled Hataun Maksûd by the Iraqi writer and critic Muhammad Saber Obaid. Social realism is an approach in which the writer of poetry, prose or theatre focuses on the economic, social and cultural problems of society and prioritises the employment of literary products in the service of society. Social realism, as an artistic approach, offers techniques that the writer, who sees himself as a responsible member of his society and humanity and who sees it as his duty to make a positive contribution to finding solutions to its problems, can adapt to the text he is fictionalising. The political, social and economic changes brought about by the current developments affecting the Arab geography and the problems produced by these changes have also entered the the literature. In the early 21st century, the political turmoil in Iraq and Syria following the invasion of foreign powers paved the way for the emergence of semi-political and semi-religious organisations such as ISIS. These and similar formations have paved the way for the worsening of the situation in countries already struggling with political, social and economic instability. The novel Hataun Maksûd, which is the subject of the study, has determined the transformation of the political chaos that emerged in Iraq in such a turbulent period into a crisis with its social and economic dimensions as the main theme. The study attempts to question the elements of social realism in this novel through an analytical examination of the authors use of style and artistic devices in promoting social realism to depict the reality of Iraq in crisis. The author relies on the concept of realism in drawing a realistic historical narrative that documents a number of negative problems and issues affecting Iraq in the fictional time and space of the novel. His novel has a high level of plausibility, sweetness of style, beauty of language, good execution and eloquence of imagery. This proved that the fictional text had to have the energy to fulfil its social task. In fact, the author, driven by a deep sense of responsibility towards society and its members, not only reconstructs the plot he deals with in the fictional realm, but also does so in a manner that resonates with social reality. In this context, the novelist may occasionally be given flexibility to delve deeper into issues of reality rather than poetic discourse. Muhammad Saber Obaids literary awareness and commitment to his nation impose on him the task of adapting to the reality of his homeland, Iraq, and portraying it in an objective, responsible manner in the light of the struggle against occupation, injustice, corruption, occupation, and the absence of freedom, justice, and equality. Through the characters in the novel, the author effectively illustrates the predicament of Iraqi citizens facing a crisis that leads to migration to more developed countries, creating a dialectic between homeland and statelessness. The author highlights the weakening of citizens sense of belonging to their homeland, which is at the root of these social problems before ISIS entered Iraqi territory, and conveys the message that social degeneration was widespread even before the invasion. He was able to reveal all the negativities and hidden truths in his homeland without breaking his connection with reality. Throughout the process of achieving these objectives, the author establishes a more solid foundation for the message he wishes to convey to his interlocutors by incorporating the reader into the literary universe he has created, which is inspired by reality. The research concluded that the use of theoretical and methodological frameworks pertaining to the concept of realism proves to be efficacious when employed by the author in their novel. These frameworks significantly impact the portrayal of the Iraqi reality that the author aims to construct within the fictional realm of the novel.

 This research dealt with the term social realism in the novel text labelled Hataun Maksûd by the Iraqi writer and critic Muhammad Saber Obaid. Social realism is an approach in which the writer of poetry, prose or theatre focuses on the economic, social and cultural problems of society and prioritises the employment of literary products in the service of society. Social realism, as an artistic approach, offers techniques that the writer, who sees himself as a responsible member of his society and humanity and who sees it as his duty to make a positive contribution to finding solutions to its problems, can adapt to the text he is fictionalising. The political, social and economic changes brought about by the current developments affecting the Arab geography and the problems produced by these changes have also entered the the literature. In the early 21st century, the political turmoil in Iraq and Syria following the invasion of foreign powers paved the way for the emergence of semi-political and semi-religious organisations such as ISIS. These and similar formations have paved the way for the worsening of the situation in countries already struggling with political, social and economic instability. The novel Hataun Maksûd, which is the subject of the study, has determined the transformation of the political chaos that emerged in Iraq in such a turbulent period into a crisis with its social and economic dimensions as the main theme. The study attempts to question the elements of social realism in this novel through an analytical examination of the authors use of style and artistic devices in promoting social realism to depict the reality of Iraq in crisis. The author relies on the concept of realism in drawing a realistic historical narrative that documents a number of negative problems and issues affecting Iraq in the fictional time and space of the novel. His novel has a high level of plausibility, sweetness of style, beauty of language, good execution and eloquence of imagery. This proved that the fictional text had to have the energy to fulfil its social task. In fact, the author, driven by a deep sense of responsibility towards society and its members, not only reconstructs the plot he deals with in the fictional realm, but also does so in a manner that resonates with social reality. In this context, the novelist may occasionally be given flexibility to delve deeper into issues of reality rather than poetic discourse. Muhammad Saber Obaids literary awareness and commitment to his nation impose on him the task of adapting to the reality of his homeland, Iraq, and portraying it in an objective, responsible manner in the light of the struggle against occupation, injustice, corruption, occupation, and the absence of freedom, justice, and equality. Through the characters in the novel, the author effectively illustrates the predicament of Iraqi citizens facing a crisis that leads to migration to more developed countries, creating a dialectic between homeland and statelessness. The author highlights the weakening of citizens sense of belonging to their homeland, which is at the root of these social problems before ISIS entered Iraqi territory, and conveys the message that social degeneration was widespread even before the invasion. He was able to reveal all the negativities and hidden truths in his homeland without breaking his connection with reality. Throughout the process of achieving these objectives, the author establishes a more solid foundation for the message he wishes to convey to his interlocutors by incorporating the reader into the literary universe he has created, which is inspired by reality. The research concluded that the use of theoretical and methodological frameworks pertaining to the concept of realism proves to be efficacious when employed by the author in their novel. These frameworks significantly impact the portrayal of the Iraqi reality that the author aims to construct within the fictional realm of the novel.

 This research dealt with the term social realism in the novel text labelled Hataun Maksûd by the Iraqi writer and critic Muhammad Saber Obaid. Social realism is an approach in which the writer of poetry, prose or theatre focuses on the economic, social and cultural problems of society and prioritises the employment of literary products in the service of society. Social realism, as an artistic approach, offers techniques that the writer, who sees himself as a responsible member of his society and humanity and who sees it as his duty to make a positive contribution to finding solutions to its problems, can adapt to the text he is fictionalising. The political, social and economic changes brought about by the current developments affecting the Arab geography and the problems produced by these changes have also entered the the literature. In the early 21st century, the political turmoil in Iraq and Syria following the invasion of foreign powers paved the way for the emergence of semi-political and semi-religious organisations such as ISIS. These and similar formations have paved the way for the worsening of the situation in countries already struggling with political, social and economic instability. The novel Hataun Maksûd, which is the subject of the study, has determined the transformation of the political chaos that emerged in Iraq in such a turbulent period into a crisis with its social and economic dimensions as the main theme. The study attempts to question the elements of social realism in this novel through an analytical examination of the authors use of style and artistic devices in promoting social realism to depict the reality of Iraq in crisis. The author relies on the concept of realism in drawing a realistic historical narrative that documents a number of negative problems and issues affecting Iraq in the fictional time and space of the novel. His novel has a high level of plausibility, sweetness of style, beauty of language, good execution and eloquence of imagery. This proved that the fictional text had to have the energy to fulfil its social task. In fact, the author, driven by a deep sense of responsibility towards society and its members, not only reconstructs the plot he deals with in the fictional realm, but also does so in a manner that resonates with social reality. In this context, the novelist may occasionally be given flexibility to delve deeper into issues of reality rather than poetic discourse. Muhammad Saber Obaids literary awareness and commitment to his nation impose on him the task of adapting to the reality of his homeland, Iraq, and portraying it in an objective, responsible manner in the light of the struggle against occupation, injustice, corruption, occupation, and the absence of freedom, justice, and equality. Through the characters in the novel, the author effectively illustrates the predicament of Iraqi citizens facing a crisis that leads to migration to more developed countries, creating a dialectic between homeland and statelessness. The author highlights the weakening of citizens sense of belonging to their homeland, which is at the root of these social problems before ISIS entered Iraqi territory, and conveys the message that social degeneration was widespread even before the invasion. He was able to reveal all the negativities and hidden truths in his homeland without breaking his connection with reality. Throughout the process of achieving these objectives, the author establishes a more solid foundation for the message he wishes to convey to his interlocutors by incorporating the reader into the literary universe he has created, which is inspired by reality. The research concluded that the use of theoretical and methodological frameworks pertaining to the concept of realism proves to be efficacious when employed by the author in their novel. These frameworks significantly impact the portrayal of the Iraqi reality that the author aims to construct within the fictional realm of the novel.

 Bu çalışma, Iraklı eleştirmen ve yazar Muhammed Sâbir Ubeydin Hataun Maksûd isimli romanında sosyal gerçekçilik olgusunu ele almaktadır. Sosyal gerçekçilik, şiir, nesir veya tiyatro yazarının toplumun ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel problemlerine odaklandığı, edebî ürünlerin toplumun hizmetinde istihdam edilmesini önceleyen bir yaklaşımdır. Toplumsal gerçekçilik sanatsal bir yaklaşım tarzı olarak, kendini toplumunun ve insanlığın sorumlu bir ferdi olarak gören ve onun sorunlarına çözüm bulunması hususunda olumlu katkılarda bulunmayı görev bilen yazar için, kurguladığı metne uyarlayabileceği teknikler sunmaktadır. Arap coğrafyasını etkileyen güncel gelişmelerin getirdiği, siyasi, sosyal ve ekonomik değişimler, bu değişimlerin ürettiği problemler, edebiyatçının da gündemine girmiştir. 21. Yüzyılın başlarında Irak ve Suriye bölgelerinde yabancı güçlerin işgali akabinde meydana gelen siyasi karışıklıklar İŞİD gibi yarı siyasi yarı dini oluşumların ortaya çıkmasına zemin hazırlamıştır. Bu ve buna benzer oluşumlar zaten siyasi, sosyal ve ekonomik istikrarsızlık ile mücadele eden ülkelerde durumun daha da kötüleşmesine zemin hazırlamıştır. Çalışmanın konusu olan Hataun Maksûd isimli roman böyle çalkantılı bir dönemde Irakta ortaya çıkan siyasi kaosun sosyal ve ekonomik boyutlarıyla krize dönüşmesini, ana tema olarak belirlemiştir. Çalışma, yazarın krizdeki Irak realitesini tasvir etme amacıyla sosyal gerçekçiliği teşvik ederken başvurduğu üslup ve sanatsal araçların analitik incelemesi yoluyla bu romandaki sosyal gerçekçilik unsurlarını sorgulamaya çalışmaktadır. Yazar, romanın kurgusal zamanında ve mekânında Irakı etkileyen bir takım olumsuz sorunları ve meseleleri belgeleyen gerçekçi bir tarihsel anlatı çizerken gerçekçilik kavramına dayanmaktadır. Yüksek düzeyde inandırıcılık taşıyan romanı, üslup tatlılığı, dil güzelliği, iyi bir icra ve imgenin belagatini içermektedir. Bu da söz konusu kurgusal metnin toplumsal görevini yerine getirebilecek enerjiye sahip olması gerektiğini kanıtlamaktadır. Nitekim içinden çıktığı topluma ve o toplumun fertlerine karşı derin bir sorumluluk duygusu içinde olan yazar, kurgusal düzlemde ele aldığı olay örgüsünü salt sanatsal düzlemde değil, sosyal gerçeklikle ilintili bir biçimde yeniden kurgulamaktadır. Bu bağlamda roman yazarına zaman zaman şiirsel söylemden ziyade gerçeklikle ilgili konuları derinlemesine inceleme konusunda esneklik verilebilir. Muhammed Sâbir Ubeydin edebi farkındalığı ve ulusuna olan bağlılığı, ona anavatanı Irakın gerçekliğine uyum sağlama ve onu işgalle, adaletsizlikle, yolsuzlukla, işgal ile mücadele, özgürlük, adalet ve eşitlik olgularının yokluğu ışığında objektif, sorumlu bir şekilde tasvir etme görevini yüklemektedir. Yazar roman karakterlerinin şahsında krizdeki Irak vatandaşlarının daha gelişmiş ülkelere göç etmekle sonuçlanan çıkmazını vatan-vatansızlık diyalektiğinde somutlaştırmayı da başarmış görünmektedir. Ayrıca yazar, İŞİDin Irak topraklarına girmeden öncede de söz konusu sosyal problemlerin temelinde yer alan, vatandaşlar düzeyinde vatana aidiyet duygusundaki zayıflamayı nazara vererek, sosyal dejenerasyonun işgal öncesinde de yaygınlık kazandığı mesajını vermektedir. Gerçekle olan bağını koparmadan vatanında yaşanan tüm olumsuzlukları ve gizli kalmış gerçekleri ortaya koyabilmiştir. Tüm bunları gerçekleştirirken yazar, gerçeklikten ilham alarak kurguladığı edebî dünyaya okuru da dâhil ederek ulaştırmak istediği mesajı daha sağlam zeminde muhataplarına iletmiş olmaktadır. Araştırma, gerçekçilik kavramına ilişkin teorik ve yöntemsel çerçevelerin, yazarın bunları romanında benimsediğinde etkili araçlar olduğu ve yazarın romanın hayali alanında yaratmak istediği Irak gerçekliğini temsil etmede büyük bir etkiye sahip olduğu sonucuna varmıştır.

Makale detayları

The Image of the Nation in Crisis in Iraqi Writer Muhammad Saber Obaid’s Novel Named “Hataun Maksûd” in the Light of Social Realism: A Critical Analytical Research

Yazarlar:

İrfan Kaya

Yayıncı:

Eskişehir Osmangazi University

Ana Başlıklar:

Arap Dili ve Belagatı

Dergi:

Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.11 Issue 2, pp.821-839

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2024

Belge Dili:

Arapça

Document ID (Org No.):

2001325963

pISSN:

2147-8171

Arabic Language and Rhetoric

Novel

Social Realism

Mohammed Saber Obaid

Homeland

SocietyArap Dili ve Belagatı

Roman

Toplumsal Gerçekçilik

Muhammed Sâbir Ubeyd

Vatan

Toplum

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: İrfan Kaya

Yayıncı: Eskişehir Osmangazi University

Ana Başlıklar: Arap Dili ve Belagatı

Dergi: Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.11 Issue 2, pp.821-839

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 9/2024

Belge Dili: Arapça

Document ID (Org No.): 2001325963

pISSN: 2147-8171

Sayı

Yazarlar:

İrfan Kaya

Yayıncı:

Eskişehir Osmangazi University

Ana Başlıklar:

Arap Dili ve Belagatı

Dergi:

Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.11 Issue 2, pp.821-839

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2024

Belge Dili:

Arapça

Document ID (Org No.):

2001325963

pISSN:

2147-8171