Sexual Offences in the Early Christian Penitential Books

Mehmet Talha Kalkan

Makale detayları

Sexual Offences in the Early Christian Penitential Books

Yazarlar:

Mehmet Talha Kalkan

Yayıncı:

Hakan YILMAZ

Ana Başlıklar:

Hrıstiyanlık Araştırmaları

Dergi:

Akademik Tarih ve Düşünce Dergisi Vol.10 Issue 6, pp.1995-2015

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

1/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001304218

pISSN:

2148-2292

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The Roman law lost its sanction power considerably due to the chaotic atmosphere toward which the Roman Empire had drifted as from the middle of the third century and as a consequence of the process involving the Migration of Tribes, which came right after. The void that emerged because of the decline of the sanction power of the Roman law was filled with the law of the tribes that were beginning to settle in Europe; therefore, the political chaos which naturally rose in the wake of the events caused legal disorder as well. Celtic culture and the strict concept of convents, which was prevalent in Ireland and in the Wales, which were less affected by the Migration of Tribes compared to Europe, paved the way for the emergence of a legal order that was based on penitence and redemption, and clergymen presented treatises that underlay that legal order. These treatises named penitential books, which penanced actions that were considered sinful with some means of redemption on diverse levels, pioneered the authority of the church in the area and exercised influence over whole Europe in time. In these works, which involved serious crimes such as paganism, theft, hypocrisy and homicide, other crimes like adultery and sex crimes were also discussed; they presented the churchs approach to sexuality and provided the depiction of the ideal sex life; thus, thanks to these books, every sort of carnal connection between men and women was tried to be supervised. This supervision over men and women helped the church to control their marriage process, social relations, joining prayers and services and family life in general.

 The Roman law lost its sanction power considerably due to the chaotic atmosphere toward which the Roman Empire had drifted as from the middle of the third century and as a consequence of the process involving the Migration of Tribes, which came right after. The void that emerged because of the decline of the sanction power of the Roman law was filled with the law of the tribes that were beginning to settle in Europe; therefore, the political chaos which naturally rose in the wake of the events caused legal disorder as well. Celtic culture and the strict concept of convents, which was prevalent in Ireland and in the Wales, which were less affected by the Migration of Tribes compared to Europe, paved the way for the emergence of a legal order that was based on penitence and redemption, and clergymen presented treatises that underlay that legal order. These treatises named penitential books, which penanced actions that were considered sinful with some means of redemption on diverse levels, pioneered the authority of the church in the area and exercised influence over whole Europe in time. In these works, which involved serious crimes such as paganism, theft, hypocrisy and homicide, other crimes like adultery and sex crimes were also discussed; they presented the churchs approach to sexuality and provided the depiction of the ideal sex life; thus, thanks to these books, every sort of carnal connection between men and women was tried to be supervised. This supervision over men and women helped the church to control their marriage process, social relations, joining prayers and services and family life in general.

 The Roman law lost its sanction power considerably due to the chaotic atmosphere toward which the Roman Empire had drifted as from the middle of the third century and as a consequence of the process involving the Migration of Tribes, which came right after. The void that emerged because of the decline of the sanction power of the Roman law was filled with the law of the tribes that were beginning to settle in Europe; therefore, the political chaos which naturally rose in the wake of the events caused legal disorder as well. Celtic culture and the strict concept of convents, which was prevalent in Ireland and in the Wales, which were less affected by the Migration of Tribes compared to Europe, paved the way for the emergence of a legal order that was based on penitence and redemption, and clergymen presented treatises that underlay that legal order. These treatises named penitential books, which penanced actions that were considered sinful with some means of redemption on diverse levels, pioneered the authority of the church in the area and exercised influence over whole Europe in time. In these works, which involved serious crimes such as paganism, theft, hypocrisy and homicide, other crimes like adultery and sex crimes were also discussed; they presented the churchs approach to sexuality and provided the depiction of the ideal sex life; thus, thanks to these books, every sort of carnal connection between men and women was tried to be supervised. This supervision over men and women helped the church to control their marriage process, social relations, joining prayers and services and family life in general.

 III. yüzyılın ortalarından itibaren Roma İmparatorluğunun içerisinde bulunduğu kaotik atmosfer ve ardından yaşanan Kavimler Göçü süreci neticesinde Roma hukuku, yaptırım gücünü önemli oranda kaybetmiştir. Roma hukukunun yaptırım gücünün azalması sonucunda yaşanan boşluk da Kıta Avrupasına yerleşmeye başlayan kavimlerin kendi hukukları tarafından doldurulmuş, yaşanan olaylar sonucunda ortaya çıkan siyasi kaos, hukuki manada da düzensizliğe sebebiyet vermiştir. Kıta Avrupası ile kıyaslandığında Kavimler Göçü sürecinden daha az etkilenen İrlanda ve Gallerde hâkim olan Kelt kültürü ile katı manastır anlayışı, tövbe ve kefaret odaklı bir hukuki düzenin ortaya çıkmasına zemin hazırlamış, din adamları, bu hukuki düzenin temelini oluşturan eserler kaleme almışlardır. Bu bağlamda tövbe kitapları olarak adlandırılan ve günah olarak görülen eylemleri çeşitli düzeylerdeki kefaret yöntemleri ile cezalandıran eserler, bölgede kilise otoritesinin hâkim kılınmasına önayak olmuş ve zaman içerisinde tüm Kıta Avrupasını etkisi altına almıştır. Aralarında putperestlik, hırsızlık, iki yüzlülük ve cinayet gibi ağır suçların da yer aldığı bu eserlerde zina ve çeşitli cinsel suçlar da ele alınmış, mezkûr eserler, kilisenin cinselliğe bakışını yansıtarak idealize bir cinsel yaşamın oluşturulmasına katkı sağlamış ve böylece, kadın-erkek arasındaki her türlü cinsel münasebet de denetim altına alınmaya çalışılmıştır. Kilisenin kadın ve erkek üzerinde kurmak istediği bu denetim de onların evlilik süreçlerinin, toplumsal ilişkilerinin, dinî toplantılara ve ayinlere katılımlarının ve ailevi yaşantılarının kontrol edilmesine imkân tanımıştır.

Makale detayları

Sexual Offences in the Early Christian Penitential Books

Yazarlar:

Mehmet Talha Kalkan

Yayıncı:

Hakan YILMAZ

Ana Başlıklar:

Hrıstiyanlık Araştırmaları

Dergi:

Akademik Tarih ve Düşünce Dergisi Vol.10 Issue 6, pp.1995-2015

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

1/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001304218

pISSN:

2148-2292

Christianity

penitential books

church

sexuality

sexual offenseHristiyanlık

tövbe kitapları

kilise

cinsellik

cinsel suç

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Mehmet Talha Kalkan

Yayıncı: Hakan YILMAZ

Ana Başlıklar: Hrıstiyanlık Araştırmaları

Dergi: Akademik Tarih ve Düşünce Dergisi Vol.10 Issue 6, pp.1995-2015

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 1/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001304218

pISSN: 2148-2292

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Mehmet Talha Kalkan

Yayıncı:

Hakan YILMAZ

Ana Başlıklar:

Hrıstiyanlık Araştırmaları

Dergi:

Akademik Tarih ve Düşünce Dergisi Vol.10 Issue 6, pp.1995-2015

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

1/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001304218

pISSN:

2148-2292