An Evaluation of the Return Route of the Ten Thousand and Theches Hill: Arakli/ Sürmene– Bayburt Road

Osman Emir; İsmail Köse; Yasin Topaloğlu

Makale detayları

An Evaluation of the Return Route of the Ten Thousand and Theches Hill: Arakli/ Sürmene– Bayburt Road

Yazarlar:

Osman Emir | İsmail Köse | Yasin Topaloğlu

Yayıncı:

Ataturk University

Ana Başlıklar:

Tarihi Coğrafya | Kent Tarihi | Arkeoloji Bilimi | İslam Öncesi Türk Arkeolojisi | Yerleşim Arkeolojisi | Eski Anadolu Tarihi | Eskiçağ Tarihi (Diğer)

Dergi:

Turcology Research Issue 79, pp.49-61

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

1/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001311262

pISSN:

2822-2725

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 This article is the result of the surveys conducted within the scope of the TUBITAK 2519-EU COST ACTION SEADDA Project on The Detection, Modelling, and Marking with Geographical Symbols of the Historical Routes Followed by the Ten Thousand at 401400 BC and Mehmet the Conqueror at AD 1461, which aims to identify and model the historical routes of Xenophon and the Tens of Thousands to the Black Sea. Xenophon was an Athenian historian, philosopher, and soldier who probably lived between 430 and 355354 BC. He served as a mercenary in the Persian army during the Persian occupation of Anatolia. In 401 BC, he commanded ten thousand Greek mercenaries in the army formed by the Persian satrap of Sardis and Prince Cyrus of Persia to seize the Persian throne. However, when the expedition failed and Cyrus died, he tried to bring the ten thousand Greek soldiers back by the shortest and safest route. In the hard winter conditions of Antiquity, the Ten Thousand survived by crossing the steep, impassable mountains of Eastern Anatolia and reaching the port of Trabzon. The book Anabasis, which describes this journey, provides very important information for the region, especially Anatolia. Within the scope of this project, it was aimed to reevaluate a large number of opinions by examining the routes that Ten Thousand would have passed through to arrive at the Black Sea, according to the Anabasis. This article focuses on an evaluation of Theches Hill and the ArakliSürmeneBayburt route, one of the historical routes between Gymnias near modern Bayburt and Trabzon. On this road, ancient passages, milestones, religious and military buildings, and inns were also examined. The societies, travel times, vegetation, and climatic conditions mentioned by Xenophon in his book Anabasis were evaluated and examined in the field. On examined route Bayburt-Aydıntepe, Kılıçkaya, Dumlu Henege, Şehitlertepesi, Taşlıhanları, Mt. Madur, Ağaçbaşı, Ebehanı, Soğuksu, Kahvedüzü, Aksuhanı, Zavzaga, Canayer, Arakli route was tracked and examined.

 This article is the result of the surveys conducted within the scope of the TUBITAK 2519-EU COST ACTION SEADDA Project on The Detection, Modelling, and Marking with Geographical Symbols of the Historical Routes Followed by the Ten Thousand at 401400 BC and Mehmet the Conqueror at AD 1461, which aims to identify and model the historical routes of Xenophon and the Tens of Thousands to the Black Sea. Xenophon was an Athenian historian, philosopher, and soldier who probably lived between 430 and 355354 BC. He served as a mercenary in the Persian army during the Persian occupation of Anatolia. In 401 BC, he commanded ten thousand Greek mercenaries in the army formed by the Persian satrap of Sardis and Prince Cyrus of Persia to seize the Persian throne. However, when the expedition failed and Cyrus died, he tried to bring the ten thousand Greek soldiers back by the shortest and safest route. In the hard winter conditions of Antiquity, the Ten Thousand survived by crossing the steep, impassable mountains of Eastern Anatolia and reaching the port of Trabzon. The book Anabasis, which describes this journey, provides very important information for the region, especially Anatolia. Within the scope of this project, it was aimed to reevaluate a large number of opinions by examining the routes that Ten Thousand would have passed through to arrive at the Black Sea, according to the Anabasis. This article focuses on an evaluation of Theches Hill and the ArakliSürmeneBayburt route, one of the historical routes between Gymnias near modern Bayburt and Trabzon. On this road, ancient passages, milestones, religious and military buildings, and inns were also examined. The societies, travel times, vegetation, and climatic conditions mentioned by Xenophon in his book Anabasis were evaluated and examined in the field. On examined route Bayburt-Aydıntepe, Kılıçkaya, Dumlu Henege, Şehitlertepesi, Taşlıhanları, Mt. Madur, Ağaçbaşı, Ebehanı, Soğuksu, Kahvedüzü, Aksuhanı, Zavzaga, Canayer, Arakli route was tracked and examined.

 This article is the result of the surveys conducted within the scope of the TUBITAK 2519-EU COST ACTION SEADDA Project on The Detection, Modelling, and Marking with Geographical Symbols of the Historical Routes Followed by the Ten Thousand at 401400 BC and Mehmet the Conqueror at AD 1461, which aims to identify and model the historical routes of Xenophon and the Tens of Thousands to the Black Sea. Xenophon was an Athenian historian, philosopher, and soldier who probably lived between 430 and 355354 BC. He served as a mercenary in the Persian army during the Persian occupation of Anatolia. In 401 BC, he commanded ten thousand Greek mercenaries in the army formed by the Persian satrap of Sardis and Prince Cyrus of Persia to seize the Persian throne. However, when the expedition failed and Cyrus died, he tried to bring the ten thousand Greek soldiers back by the shortest and safest route. In the hard winter conditions of Antiquity, the Ten Thousand survived by crossing the steep, impassable mountains of Eastern Anatolia and reaching the port of Trabzon. The book Anabasis, which describes this journey, provides very important information for the region, especially Anatolia. Within the scope of this project, it was aimed to reevaluate a large number of opinions by examining the routes that Ten Thousand would have passed through to arrive at the Black Sea, according to the Anabasis. This article focuses on an evaluation of Theches Hill and the ArakliSürmeneBayburt route, one of the historical routes between Gymnias near modern Bayburt and Trabzon. On this road, ancient passages, milestones, religious and military buildings, and inns were also examined. The societies, travel times, vegetation, and climatic conditions mentioned by Xenophon in his book Anabasis were evaluated and examined in the field. On examined route Bayburt-Aydıntepe, Kılıçkaya, Dumlu Henege, Şehitlertepesi, Taşlıhanları, Mt. Madur, Ağaçbaşı, Ebehanı, Soğuksu, Kahvedüzü, Aksuhanı, Zavzaga, Canayer, Arakli route was tracked and examined.

 Bu makale öncelikle Xenophon ve Onbinlerin Karadenize ulaşan tarihî güzergahlarını yerinde tespit etmeyi ve modellemeyi amaçlayan MÖ 401-400 Yılında Onbinlerin ve 1461 Yılında Fatih Sultan Mehmetin Karadenize Varış Güzergâhlarının Tespit Edilerek Modellendirilip Coğrafi İşaretlerle Belirlenmesi isimli TÜBİTAK 2519-Avrupa Birliği AB COST ACTION SEADDA 18128 Projesi kapsamında yapılan yüzey araştırmaları sonucu hazırlanmıştır. Bilindiği üzere Xenophon muhtemelen MÖ 430-355354 arasında yaşamış Atinalı bir tarihçi, filozof ve askerdir. Anadolunun Persler tarafından işgali döneminde Pers ordusunda paralı asker olarak görev yapmıştır. MÖ 401de Pers Sardes satrapı ve Pers Prensi Cyrusun Pers tahtını ele geçirmek için oluşturduğu orduda da on bin Yunan paralı askerinin komutanlığını yürütmüştür. Ancak sefer başarısız olup, Cyrus ölünce on bin Yunan askerini en kısa ve güvenli yoldan geri götürmeye çalışmıştır. Onbinler Antik Çağın zorlu kış şartlarında Doğu Anadolunun sarp, geçit vermez dağlarını aşarak Trabzon limanına ulaşabilip, hayatta kalabilmişlerdir. Bu yolculuğunu anlatan Anabasis isimli kitap, başta Anadolu olmak üzere bölge için çok önemli bilgiler vermektedir. Bu proje kapsamında da Onbinleri Karadenize ulaştıran yolların Anabasise göre yerinde incelenmesini çok sayıda görüşü tekrardan değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu makale de Theches tepesinin üzerine bir değerlendirmeyi ve Gymnias- Trabzon arasındaki tarihî yollardan ArakliSürmene- Bayburt yolunu konu almaktadır. Bu yol üzerinde antik patikalar, mil taşları, dinî ve askerî yapılar, hanlar yerinde incelenmiştir. Xenophon Anabasis isimli kitabında belirttiği toplumlar, yolculuk süreleri, bitki örtüsü ve iklim şartları yerinde değerlendirilmiştir. Bu yol güzergahında Bayburt-Aydıntepe, Kılıçkaya Yaylası, Dumlu Henege Köyü, Şehitler Tepesi, Taşlıhanları, Madur, Ağaçbaşı, Ebehanı, Soğuksu, Kahvedüzü, Aksuhanı, Zavzaga, Canayer, Araklı rotası izlenmiştir.

Makale detayları

An Evaluation of the Return Route of the Ten Thousand and Theches Hill: Arakli/ Sürmene– Bayburt Road

Yazarlar:

Osman Emir | İsmail Köse | Yasin Topaloğlu

Yayıncı:

Ataturk University

Ana Başlıklar:

Tarihi Coğrafya | Kent Tarihi | Arkeoloji Bilimi | İslam Öncesi Türk Arkeolojisi | Yerleşim Arkeolojisi | Eski Anadolu Tarihi | Eskiçağ Tarihi (Diğer)

Dergi:

Turcology Research Issue 79, pp.49-61

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

1/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001311262

pISSN:

2822-2725

Anabasis

Arakli

Bayburt

Historical Routes

XenophonXenophon

Anabasis

Araklı

Bayburt

Kadim Rotalar

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Osman Emir | İsmail Köse | Yasin Topaloğlu

Yayıncı: Ataturk University

Ana Başlıklar: Tarihi Coğrafya | Kent Tarihi | Arkeoloji Bilimi | İslam Öncesi Türk Arkeolojisi | Yerleşim Arkeolojisi | Eski Anadolu Tarihi | Eskiçağ Tarihi (Diğer)

Dergi: Turcology Research Issue 79, pp.49-61

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 1/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001311262

pISSN: 2822-2725

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Osman Emir | İsmail Köse | Yasin Topaloğlu

Yayıncı:

Ataturk University

Ana Başlıklar:

Tarihi Coğrafya | Kent Tarihi | Arkeoloji Bilimi | İslam Öncesi Türk Arkeolojisi | Yerleşim Arkeolojisi | Eski Anadolu Tarihi | Eskiçağ Tarihi (Diğer)

Dergi:

Turcology Research Issue 79, pp.49-61

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

1/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001311262

pISSN:

2822-2725