THE METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES ON AL-JAZARI’S SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE IN RUSSIAN STUDIES

Fegani Beyler

Makale detayları

THE METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES ON AL-JAZARI’S SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE IN RUSSIAN STUDIES

Yazarlar:

Fegani Beyler

Yayıncı:

Bingol University

Dergi:

Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi Issue 25, pp.160-169

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

4/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001288761

pISSN:

1309-6672

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Extensive scientific, philosophical and artistic activities were carried out in the Islamic Worlds various science and civilization centers during the early Middle Ages. In these centers, noteworthy works of mathematics, astronomy, geography, medicine, pharmacology, optics, botany, chemistry and other fields of science, which would later determine improvement paths for these fields, were created. Abu al-Izz Ismail ibn al-Razzaz al-Jazari 12th-13th centuries, was a magnificent Muslim scientist known for his work named The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices Kitab fi marifatil-hiyal al-handasiyya and he was born in geography where many scientists were trained. He contributed to the development of science and civilization, the joint legacy of humanity and demonstrated his true capability and success in the field of ilm al-hiyal the scientific field which addresses the information and practices regarding mechanical technology and engineering in Islamic science history. From this perspective, it is evident that al-Jazari had a wide field of interest, made his mark in the age he lived in with his brave and innovative ideas, and was a wise engineer. al-Jazaris detailed descriptions and explanations of water clocks, oil lamp clocks and water pumping machines, as well as their construction, were astounding. In addition, al-Jazaris studies on metal casting techniques, cone valves, wheel balance and the real-world use of aspiration tubes are important in contemporary engineering studies. When all these are considered, it becomes clear that his designation as the Leonardo da Vinci of the Islamic World is not a coincidence. Many studies on al-Jazaris scientific legacy have been conducted in various parts of the world. There are various manuscripts of his aforementioned book. Based on these manuscripts, the work has been -fully or partially- translated into many languages, including Turkish. The German and English translations served as a basis for studies on al-Jazari in other languages. In recent years, studies conducted on al-Jazari in Türkiye books, articles, domestic and international symposiums, congresses etc. have demonstrated his brilliance and competence as a scientist. Furthermore, studies on al-Jazari are still ongoing in Türkiye. As for Russia, the scientific legacy of the scientists raised in the Islamic World such as Avicenna, al-Farabi, Abu Bakr al-Razi, Abu Rayhan al-Biruni, Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi, Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, al-Battani, al-Kashi, Abd al-Rahman al-Khazini, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi was researched within the scope of a special plan and program. Depending on the relevant studies, al-Jazari and his work drew attention as well. A small portion of the aforementioned Russian studies is known in Türkiye. It is safe to assume that al-Jazari studies in Russia are virtually unknown in Türkiye. The present study primarily aims to contribute to the literature on the scientific legacy of al-Jazari, a Middle Age Islamic scientist best known for his famous work in the mechanical field. More specifically, the present study aims to: 1 to identify the studies on al-Jazari in Russia, and in the former USSR countries, where academic studies are still in Russian after the Soviet Union period, to create a chronological biography and to set forth their compilation; in other words, to create a bibliography which includes Russian studies on al-Jazari; 2 to provide information on the structure and content of the studies in question, to detect the methodological issues encountered in these works, and make solution recommendations to solve these issues; 3 to contribute to continuing and future studies in Türkiye on al-Jazari in terms of source and material index. In conclusion, it should be stated that comparative reading was conducted centered on The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices Kitab fi marifatil-hiyal al-handasiyya. It should also be noted that Russian popular internet publications which are not based on academic research and are createdreproduced for commercial and personal purposes were excluded from the assessment.

 Extensive scientific, philosophical and artistic activities were carried out in the Islamic Worlds various science and civilization centers during the early Middle Ages. In these centers, noteworthy works of mathematics, astronomy, geography, medicine, pharmacology, optics, botany, chemistry and other fields of science, which would later determine improvement paths for these fields, were created. Abu al-Izz Ismail ibn al-Razzaz al-Jazari 12th-13th centuries, was a magnificent Muslim scientist known for his work named The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices Kitab fi marifatil-hiyal al-handasiyya and he was born in geography where many scientists were trained. He contributed to the development of science and civilization, the joint legacy of humanity and demonstrated his true capability and success in the field of ilm al-hiyal the scientific field which addresses the information and practices regarding mechanical technology and engineering in Islamic science history. From this perspective, it is evident that al-Jazari had a wide field of interest, made his mark in the age he lived in with his brave and innovative ideas, and was a wise engineer. al-Jazaris detailed descriptions and explanations of water clocks, oil lamp clocks and water pumping machines, as well as their construction, were astounding. In addition, al-Jazaris studies on metal casting techniques, cone valves, wheel balance and the real-world use of aspiration tubes are important in contemporary engineering studies. When all these are considered, it becomes clear that his designation as the Leonardo da Vinci of the Islamic World is not a coincidence. Many studies on al-Jazaris scientific legacy have been conducted in various parts of the world. There are various manuscripts of his aforementioned book. Based on these manuscripts, the work has been -fully or partially- translated into many languages, including Turkish. The German and English translations served as a basis for studies on al-Jazari in other languages. In recent years, studies conducted on al-Jazari in Türkiye books, articles, domestic and international symposiums, congresses etc. have demonstrated his brilliance and competence as a scientist. Furthermore, studies on al-Jazari are still ongoing in Türkiye. As for Russia, the scientific legacy of the scientists raised in the Islamic World such as Avicenna, al-Farabi, Abu Bakr al-Razi, Abu Rayhan al-Biruni, Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi, Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, al-Battani, al-Kashi, Abd al-Rahman al-Khazini, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi was researched within the scope of a special plan and program. Depending on the relevant studies, al-Jazari and his work drew attention as well. A small portion of the aforementioned Russian studies is known in Türkiye. It is safe to assume that al-Jazari studies in Russia are virtually unknown in Türkiye. The present study primarily aims to contribute to the literature on the scientific legacy of al-Jazari, a Middle Age Islamic scientist best known for his famous work in the mechanical field. More specifically, the present study aims to: 1 to identify the studies on al-Jazari in Russia, and in the former USSR countries, where academic studies are still in Russian after the Soviet Union period, to create a chronological biography and to set forth their compilation; in other words, to create a bibliography which includes Russian studies on al-Jazari; 2 to provide information on the structure and content of the studies in question, to detect the methodological issues encountered in these works, and make solution recommendations to solve these issues; 3 to contribute to continuing and future studies in Türkiye on al-Jazari in terms of source and material index. In conclusion, it should be stated that comparative reading was conducted centered on The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices Kitab fi marifatil-hiyal al-handasiyya. It should also be noted that Russian popular internet publications which are not based on academic research and are createdreproduced for commercial and personal purposes were excluded from the assessment.

 Extensive scientific, philosophical and artistic activities were carried out in the Islamic Worlds various science and civilization centers during the early Middle Ages. In these centers, noteworthy works of mathematics, astronomy, geography, medicine, pharmacology, optics, botany, chemistry and other fields of science, which would later determine improvement paths for these fields, were created. Abu al-Izz Ismail ibn al-Razzaz al-Jazari 12th-13th centuries, was a magnificent Muslim scientist known for his work named The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices Kitab fi marifatil-hiyal al-handasiyya and he was born in geography where many scientists were trained. He contributed to the development of science and civilization, the joint legacy of humanity and demonstrated his true capability and success in the field of ilm al-hiyal the scientific field which addresses the information and practices regarding mechanical technology and engineering in Islamic science history. From this perspective, it is evident that al-Jazari had a wide field of interest, made his mark in the age he lived in with his brave and innovative ideas, and was a wise engineer. al-Jazaris detailed descriptions and explanations of water clocks, oil lamp clocks and water pumping machines, as well as their construction, were astounding. In addition, al-Jazaris studies on metal casting techniques, cone valves, wheel balance and the real-world use of aspiration tubes are important in contemporary engineering studies. When all these are considered, it becomes clear that his designation as the Leonardo da Vinci of the Islamic World is not a coincidence. Many studies on al-Jazaris scientific legacy have been conducted in various parts of the world. There are various manuscripts of his aforementioned book. Based on these manuscripts, the work has been -fully or partially- translated into many languages, including Turkish. The German and English translations served as a basis for studies on al-Jazari in other languages. In recent years, studies conducted on al-Jazari in Türkiye books, articles, domestic and international symposiums, congresses etc. have demonstrated his brilliance and competence as a scientist. Furthermore, studies on al-Jazari are still ongoing in Türkiye. As for Russia, the scientific legacy of the scientists raised in the Islamic World such as Avicenna, al-Farabi, Abu Bakr al-Razi, Abu Rayhan al-Biruni, Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi, Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, al-Battani, al-Kashi, Abd al-Rahman al-Khazini, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi was researched within the scope of a special plan and program. Depending on the relevant studies, al-Jazari and his work drew attention as well. A small portion of the aforementioned Russian studies is known in Türkiye. It is safe to assume that al-Jazari studies in Russia are virtually unknown in Türkiye. The present study primarily aims to contribute to the literature on the scientific legacy of al-Jazari, a Middle Age Islamic scientist best known for his famous work in the mechanical field. More specifically, the present study aims to: 1 to identify the studies on al-Jazari in Russia, and in the former USSR countries, where academic studies are still in Russian after the Soviet Union period, to create a chronological biography and to set forth their compilation; in other words, to create a bibliography which includes Russian studies on al-Jazari; 2 to provide information on the structure and content of the studies in question, to detect the methodological issues encountered in these works, and make solution recommendations to solve these issues; 3 to contribute to continuing and future studies in Türkiye on al-Jazari in terms of source and material index. In conclusion, it should be stated that comparative reading was conducted centered on The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices Kitab fi marifatil-hiyal al-handasiyya. It should also be noted that Russian popular internet publications which are not based on academic research and are createdreproduced for commercial and personal purposes were excluded from the assessment.

 Erken Orta Çağ döneminde İslâm dünyasının farklı bölgelerinde yerleşen bilim ve medeniyet merkezlerinde yoğun bir bilimsel, felsefi ve sanatsal faaliyette bulunulmuştur. Bu merkezlerde matematik, astronomi, coğrafya, tıp, farmakoloji, optik, botanik, kimya ve diğer bilim alanlarında -sonraki dönemlerde bu bilim dallarının gelişim yollarını da belirleyecek olan- kayda değer eserler ortaya konmuştur. Bilim çevrelerinde daha çok Kitâb fî marifetil-hiyelil-hendesiyye el-Câmi beynel-ilm vel amelin-nâfi fî sinâatil-hiyel adlı eseriyle bilinen büyük İslâm bilgini Ebül-İzz İsmail b. er-Rezzâz el-Cezerî XII-XIII. yüzyıllar de çok sayıda bilginin yetiştiği bir coğrafyada dünyaya gelmiştir. O, insanlığın ortak mirası olan bilim ve medeniyetin gelişimine önemli katkılarda bulunmuştur. Bir bilim insanı olarak gerçek yetkinlik ve başarısını ise İslâm bilim tarihinde mekanik teknolojisi ve mühendislikle ilgili bilgi ve uygulamaları konu edinen bilim dalında, ilm-i hiyel alanında göstermiştir. Buradan hareketle, el-Cezerînin geniş bir ilgi alanı olduğunu, cesur ve yenilikçi fikirleriyle yaşadığı çağa damga vurduğunu ve bilge bir mühendis olarak karşımıza çıktığını söylemek mümkündür. el-Cezerînin su saatleri, kandil saatleri, çeşmeler, su pompalayan makineler ve bunların yapımıyla ilgili ayrıntılı betimleme ve açıklamaları -yaşadığı dönemdeki teknolojinin düzeyi göz önüne alındığında- oldukça dikkat çekicidir. Bunun yanında, el-Cezerînin metal döküm tekniği, konik vanalar, tekerleklerin balansı, gerçek anlamda emme borusunun kullanılması vd. ilgili çalışmaları günümüz mühendislik çalışmaları açısından da önem arz etmektedir. Tüm bunlar göz önünde bulundurulduğunda onun İslâm dünyasının Leonardo da Vincisi adlandırılmasının bir tesadüf olmadığı da ortaya çıkmaktadır. Dünyanın çeşitli bölgelerinde el-Cezerînin bilimsel mirasıyla ilgili çok sayıda çalışma yapılmıştır. Onun yukarıda adı geçen eserinin muhtelif el yazması nüshaları bulunmaktadır. Eser bu nüshalardan hareketle, Türkçe de dâhil olmak üzere -tamamen veya kısmen- birçok dile tercüme edilmiştir. Bunlardan Almanca ve İngilizce tercümeler, diğer dillerdeki el-Cezerî çalışmalarında temel alınmıştır. Son yıllarda Türkiyede yapılmakta olan el-Cezerî çalışmaları kitap, makale, ansiklopedi maddesi, ulusal ve uluslararası sempozyum, kongre vb. onun dehasını ve yetkin bir bilim insanı olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Dahası, Türkiyede el-Cezerî araştırmaları günümüzde de sürdürülmektedir. Rusyaya gelince, burada İbn Sînâ, Fârâbî, Ebû Bekir er-Râzî, Ebû Reyhân el-Bîrûnî, Ebül-Kâsım ez-Zehrâvî, Muhammed b. Musa el-Hârizmî, el-Bettânî, Kâşî, Abdurrahman el-Hâzinî, Nasîruddin Tûsî vd. gibi İslâm dünyasında yetişmiş bilginlerin bilimsel mirası özel bir plan ve program dahilinde araştırmaya tabi tutulmuştur. Söz konusu araştırmalara bağlı olarak, el-Cezerî ve eseri de dikkat çekmiştir. Türkiyede yukarıda sözü edilen Rusça çalışmaların az bir kısmı bilinmektedir. Rusça el-Cezerî çalışmalarının ise Türkiyede neredeyse, bilinmediği söylenebilir. Bu çalışma, her şeyden önce, mekanik alanına ilişkin ünlü eseriyle bilinen Orta Çağ İslâm bilgini el-Cezerînin bilimsel mirasıyla ilgili mevcut literatüre bir katkı sunma amacı taşımaktadır. Daha özel olarak, bu çalışmanın amaçları şöyle ifade edilebilir: 1 Rusyada ve akademik çalışmaların SSCB sonrası dönemde de önemli ölçüde Rusça yapılmakta olduğu eski birlik ülkelerinde el-Cezerîyle ilgili araştırmaları -mevcut olanaklar dâhilinde- tespit etmek, bunların bir dökümünü ortaya koymak, başkaca bir deyişle, Rusça el-Cezerî çalışmalarını içeren kronolojik bir bibliyografya oluşturmak; 2 Söz konusu çalışmaların yapı ve içeriğiyle ilgili kısa bilgiler vermek, bu çalışmalarda karşılaşılan metodolojik sorunları ortaya koymak ve çözüm önerileri sunmak; 3 Türkiyede devam etmekte olan ve gelecekte gerçekleştirilmesi düşünülen el-Cezerî araştırmalarına kaynak ve malzeme dizini açısından katkı sağlamak. Son olarak, bu çalışma hazırlanırken el-Cezerînin Kitâb fî marifetil-hiyelil-hendesiyye el-Câmi beynel-ilm vel amelin-nâfi fî sinâatil-hiyel adlı eseri merkezli ve karşılaştırtmalı bir okuma yapıldığı belirtilmelidir. el-Cezerî ve bilimsel mirasıyla ilgili Rusça popüler herhangi bir akademik araştırmaya dayalı olmayan, bilimsel içerikten yoksun, çoğunlukla ticari ve kişisel amaçlarla türetilen internet yayınlarının değerlendirme dışı bırakıldığı da ifade edilmelidir.

Makale detayları

THE METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES ON AL-JAZARI’S SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE IN RUSSIAN STUDIES

Yazarlar:

Fegani Beyler

Yayıncı:

Bingol University

Dergi:

Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi Issue 25, pp.160-169

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

4/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001288761

pISSN:

1309-6672

al-Jazari studies

Russian al-Jazari studies

Bibliography of al-Jazari

al-Jazari and mechanics

Ilm al-hiyal

History of Islamic scienceel-Cezeri araştırmaları

Rusça el-Cezeri çalışmaları

el-Cezeri bibliyografyası

el-Cezeri ve mekanik

Hiyel ilmi

İslam bilim tarihi

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Fegani Beyler

Yayıncı: Bingol University

Dergi: Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi Issue 25, pp.160-169

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 4/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001288761

pISSN: 1309-6672

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Fegani Beyler

Yayıncı:

Bingol University

Dergi:

Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi Issue 25, pp.160-169

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

4/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001288761

pISSN:

1309-6672