Analysis of the Macro and Micro Structures of Silver Fir, Oriental Beech, and African Mahogany Species

Çiğdem Çicek

Makale detayları

Analysis of the Macro and Micro Structures of Silver Fir, Oriental Beech, and African Mahogany Species

Yazarlar:

Çiğdem Çicek

Yayıncı:

Gazi University

Ana Başlıklar:

Ahşap Fiziği ve Mekaniği | Orman Endüstri Mühendisliği (Diğer)

Dergi:

Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım ve Teknoloji Vol.13 Issue 3, pp.1295-1304

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001353700

pISSN:

2147-9526

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 This study aims to comparatively examine the multi-level structural characteristics of wood tissues from three speciesSilver Fir Abies alba, Oriental Beech Fagus orientalis, and African Mahogany Khaya spp.which differ in geographic origin and anatomical structure. In this context, both macroscopic color, vessel type, ray structure and microscopic tracheids, vessels, parenchyma cells characteristics were analyzed in detail for each species. The samples were examined using an optical microscope with 400x magnification and a scanning electron microscope SEM with a magnification range of 1000x2000x; cell diameters were measured using Python-based image analysis methods and supported with statistical histograms. The findings revealed that Silver Fir offers high workability due to its homogeneous structure composed solely of tracheids but has low biological durability. The diffuse-porous vessel structure, wide rays, and high fiber wall thickness of Oriental Beech make it suitable for applications requiring high mechanical strength. African Mahogany, on the other hand, stands out in applications that demand aesthetic appeal and dimensional stability, thanks to its large vessel diameters, prominent parenchyma bands, and natural extractive content. This comparative analysis demonstrates that the cellular structural characteristics of all three species are directly related to their material performance and industrial application areas. The data obtained contribute to scientific decision-making processes in wood species selection within wood science and offer a holistic approach to evaluating the structureperformance relationship in natural material-based designs.

 This study aims to comparatively examine the multi-level structural characteristics of wood tissues from three speciesSilver Fir Abies alba, Oriental Beech Fagus orientalis, and African Mahogany Khaya spp.which differ in geographic origin and anatomical structure. In this context, both macroscopic color, vessel type, ray structure and microscopic tracheids, vessels, parenchyma cells characteristics were analyzed in detail for each species. The samples were examined using an optical microscope with 400x magnification and a scanning electron microscope SEM with a magnification range of 1000x2000x; cell diameters were measured using Python-based image analysis methods and supported with statistical histograms. The findings revealed that Silver Fir offers high workability due to its homogeneous structure composed solely of tracheids but has low biological durability. The diffuse-porous vessel structure, wide rays, and high fiber wall thickness of Oriental Beech make it suitable for applications requiring high mechanical strength. African Mahogany, on the other hand, stands out in applications that demand aesthetic appeal and dimensional stability, thanks to its large vessel diameters, prominent parenchyma bands, and natural extractive content. This comparative analysis demonstrates that the cellular structural characteristics of all three species are directly related to their material performance and industrial application areas. The data obtained contribute to scientific decision-making processes in wood species selection within wood science and offer a holistic approach to evaluating the structureperformance relationship in natural material-based designs.

 This study aims to comparatively examine the multi-level structural characteristics of wood tissues from three speciesSilver Fir Abies alba, Oriental Beech Fagus orientalis, and African Mahogany Khaya spp.which differ in geographic origin and anatomical structure. In this context, both macroscopic color, vessel type, ray structure and microscopic tracheids, vessels, parenchyma cells characteristics were analyzed in detail for each species. The samples were examined using an optical microscope with 400x magnification and a scanning electron microscope SEM with a magnification range of 1000x2000x; cell diameters were measured using Python-based image analysis methods and supported with statistical histograms. The findings revealed that Silver Fir offers high workability due to its homogeneous structure composed solely of tracheids but has low biological durability. The diffuse-porous vessel structure, wide rays, and high fiber wall thickness of Oriental Beech make it suitable for applications requiring high mechanical strength. African Mahogany, on the other hand, stands out in applications that demand aesthetic appeal and dimensional stability, thanks to its large vessel diameters, prominent parenchyma bands, and natural extractive content. This comparative analysis demonstrates that the cellular structural characteristics of all three species are directly related to their material performance and industrial application areas. The data obtained contribute to scientific decision-making processes in wood species selection within wood science and offer a holistic approach to evaluating the structureperformance relationship in natural material-based designs.

 Bu çalışma, farklı coğrafi kökenlere ve anatomik yapılara sahip olan Göknar Abies alba, Doğu Kayını Fagus orientalis ve Afrika Maunu Khaya spp. türlerine ait odun dokularının çok düzeyli yapısal özelliklerini karşılaştırmalı olarak incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda, her tür için makroskobik renk, damar tipi, ışın yapısı ve mikroskobik trakeid, damar, parankima hücreleri karakteristikler detaylı biçimde analiz edilmiştir. Örnekler, 400x büyütmeli optik mikroskop ve 1000x2000x büyütme aralıklı taramalı elektron mikroskobu SEM kullanılarak incelenmiş; hücre çapları Python tabanlı görüntü analiz yöntemleri ile ölçülerek istatistiksel histogramlarla desteklenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, Göknarın yalnızca trakeid içeren homojen yapısı sayesinde yüksek işlenebilirlik sunduğunu, ancak düşük biyolojik dayanıklılığa sahip olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Doğu Kayınının diffüz-porous damar yapısı, geniş ışınları ve yüksek lif çeper kalınlığı, onu yüksek mekanik dayanım gerektiren uygulamalar için uygun hale getirmektedir. Afrika Maunu ise geniş damar çapları, belirgin parankima şeritleri ve doğal ekstraktif içeriğiyle, özellikle estetik ve boyutsal kararlılık gerektiren uygulamalarda ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu karşılaştırmalı analiz, her üç türün hücresel yapı özelliklerinin, malzeme performansı ve endüstriyel kullanım alanlarıyla doğrudan ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Elde edilen veriler, hem ahşap biliminde tür seçimine yönelik bilimsel karar süreçlerine katkı sağlamakta hem de doğal malzeme temelli tasarımlarda yapı-performans ilişkisini bütüncül olarak değerlendirme imkânı sunmaktadır.

Makale detayları

Analysis of the Macro and Micro Structures of Silver Fir, Oriental Beech, and African Mahogany Species

Yazarlar:

Çiğdem Çicek

Yayıncı:

Gazi University

Ana Başlıklar:

Ahşap Fiziği ve Mekaniği | Orman Endüstri Mühendisliği (Diğer)

Dergi:

Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım ve Teknoloji Vol.13 Issue 3, pp.1295-1304

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001353700

pISSN:

2147-9526

Silver fir

Oriental beech

African mahogany

Wood anatomy

Microscopic analysis

Vessel diameter

Tracheid

Biological durabilityGöknar

doğu kayını

Afrika maunu

Odun anatomisi

Mikroskobik analiz

Damar çapı

Trakeid

Biyolojik dayanıklılık

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Çiğdem Çicek

Yayıncı: Gazi University

Ana Başlıklar: Ahşap Fiziği ve Mekaniği | Orman Endüstri Mühendisliği (Diğer)

Dergi: Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım ve Teknoloji Vol.13 Issue 3, pp.1295-1304

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 9/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001353700

pISSN: 2147-9526

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Çiğdem Çicek

Yayıncı:

Gazi University

Ana Başlıklar:

Ahşap Fiziği ve Mekaniği | Orman Endüstri Mühendisliği (Diğer)

Dergi:

Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım ve Teknoloji Vol.13 Issue 3, pp.1295-1304

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001353700

pISSN:

2147-9526