An Examination on the Interaction Between Afghani-Abduh-Rashid Reza

Ahmet Özdemir

Makale detayları

An Examination on the Interaction Between Afghani-Abduh-Rashid Reza

Yazarlar:

Ahmet Özdemir

Yayıncı:

Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University

Ana Başlıklar:

Din Araştırmaları

Dergi:

Tokat İlmiyat Dergisi Vol.11 Issue 1, pp.37-68

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001294701

pISSN:

2717-610X

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Afghani, Abduh and Rashid Reza important intellectual men of the last period in the Islamic world, are groundbreaking personalities with their thoughts and different point of views. The main elements of the Modernist line were also shaped by their ideas. At this point, Afghani made the most significant opening, and the other two contributed to this. Afghani has come to the fore with his political personality, while the other two thinkers have come to the fore with their more scientific personalities. However, they have put forward similar views on identifying the problems in the Islamic world and finding solutions. Giving broad authority to the mind is one of their most basic characteristics. The most significant effect of this is revealed in the evaluations of the narrations. They cooperated to protect the essence of Islam and clean up unfounded elements such as bidʿah and superstition, which were added to it later. The basis of all these views lies in the backwardness of the Islamic world concerning the West. Their focus is also on finding a solution to this backwardness. In this study, an effort has been made to decipher how the interaction between these thinkers, who are among the pioneers of the modernist movement in the Islamic world, takes place. Although there are differences between them, it has been seen that they act with common decency on fundamental issues. Jamaleddin Afghani greatly influenced the formation of Muhammad Abduhs thought structure. In the same way, the thought structure of Muhammad Rashid Reza was shaped by Abduh. Abduhs thoughts were passed on to subsequent generations by his student Rashid Reza. Rashid Reza has also been a driving force in writing his teachers thoughts. The three authors we have studied have a mind-centered thinking structure. They consider the evaluation of events and the resolution of issues from this point of view. They have set out to place an entire, simple understanding of Islam in society. In order to achieve this, they also opposed many innovations that emerged later and considered them incompatible with religion. They have complained that the sects have complicated the religion. They wanted the Islamic life of the period of Muhammad and his friends to dominate Muslim society again. Afghani is the person who was instrumental in Abduhs entry into politics. He did not want Abduhs point of view to be limited only to Egypt. He has developed a point of view that considers all Muslims. Abduh, on the other hand, mediated the spread of Efghanis ideas in Egypt and Azhar. There is a strong interaction between them at the point of researching why Muslims are lagging in the face of the West and finding solutions to them. Their efforts to ensure that their thoughts do not remain in theory and are implemented as soon as possible also show that they are on a shared line. Their giving broad authority to the mind, their understanding of Deconstruction, their views on sects, and their struggle against false beliefs in society are also indicators of their interaction. Although there is an image in the form of teacher-student, original ideas have emerged from both. On the other hand, the bond between Abduh and Rashid Reza is much stronger than theirs. At this point, the main idea belongs to Abduh, and Rashid Reza is the carrier of his ideas. For that reason, he and his teacher communicate in the form of receiving information and transferring it to other people rather than deconfliction. We see that the importance Abduh attaches to education also continues in Rashid Reza. Their search for solutions to the problems in the Islamic world by correcting the issues that they Decry at all levels of society is also a result of the interaction between them. To summarize, all three authors have tried to find solutions to the problems experienced in the Islamic world. This is to give a new perspective on the issues. Because they thought that there was a wrong approach to the root of the problem. In doing so, they have been subjected to severe criticism for not considering the reactions that may come from society. These criticisms have also caused prejudice to be formed about them.

 İslam dünyasındaki son devrin önemli fikir adamlarından Efgânî, Abduh ve Reşîd Rızâ, düşünceleri ve farklı bakış açılarıyla çığır açmış şahsiyetlerdir. Modernist çizginin ana unsurları da onların fikirleriyle şekillenmiştir. Bu noktada en büyük açılımı Efgânî yapmış, diğer ikisi ona katkı sunmuşlardır. Efgânî siyasi kişiliğiyle, diğer iki düşünür ise daha çok ilmi kişiliğiyle ön plana çıkmışlardır. Bununla birlikte İslam dünyasında var olan sorunları tespit etme ve bunlara çözüm bulma noktasında benzer görüşler ortaya koymuşlardır. Akla geniş yetki vermeleri en temel özelliklerindendir. Bunun en büyük etkisi rivayetleri değerlendirmelerinde ortaya çıkmaktadır. İslamın özünün korunması, ona sonradan eklenen bidat ve hurafe gibi asılsız unsurların temizlenmesi noktasında ortak hareket etmişlerdir. Bütün bu görüşlerinin temelinde İslam dünyasının Batı karşısında geri kalmışlığı yatmaktadır. Odak noktaları da bu geri kalmışlığa bir çözüm bulma olarak kendini göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada, İslam dünyasında moderrnist akımın öncülerinden olan bu düşünürler arasındaki etkileşimin ne şekilde olduğuna dair bir çaba ortaya konmuştur. Aralarında her ne kadar farklılıklar olsa da temel konularda ortak bir akılla hareket ettikleri görülmüştür. Cemaleddin Efgânî Muhammed Abduhun düşünce yapısının oluşmasında büyük etkiye sahip olmuştur. Aynı şekilde Muhammed Reşîd Rızânın düşünce yapısı da Abduh tarafından şekillendirilmiştir. Abduhun düşünceleri, öğrencisi Reşîd Rızâ tarafından sonraki nesillere aktarılmıştır. Reşîd Rızâ ayrıca hocasının düşüncelerinin yazıya geçirilmesinde itici güç olmuştur. Araştırdığımız üç yazar, akıl merkezli bir düşünce yapısına sahiptirler. Olayların değerlendirmesini ve meselelerin çözümünü bu açıdan ele almaktadırlar. Bozulmamış, sade bir İslam anlayışını topluma yerleştirmek amacıyla yola çıkmışlardır. Bunu gerçekleştirmek için de sonradan ortaya çıkan ve dinle bağdaşmadığını düşündükleri birçok yeniliğe karşı çıkmışlardır. Mezheplerin, dini karmaşık hale getirdiğinden şikayetçi olmuşlardır. Hz. Muhammed ve sahabe dönemindeki İslamî yaşantının yeniden Müslüman toplumuna egemen olmasını istemişlerdir. Efgânî, Abduhun siyasete girmesine vesile olan kişidir. Abduhun bakış açısının sadece Mısır ile sınırlı olmasını istememiştir. Bütün müslümanları düşünen bir bakış açısı geliştirmiştir. Abduh ise Efgânînin fikirlerinin Mısır ve Ezherde yayılmasına aracılık etmiştir. Müslümanların Batı karşısında geri kalmalarının nedenlerini araştırma ve bunlara çözüm bulma noktasında aralarında güçlü bir etkileşimin olduğu açıktır. Düşüncelerinin teoride kalmamasına ve bir an önce hayata geçirilmesine yönelik gayretleri de bu noktada ortak bir çizgide olduklarını göstermektedir. Akla geniş yetki vermeleri, ıslahat anlayışları, mezheplere bakışları ve toplumdaki yanlış inanışlarla mücadeleleri de aralarındaki etkileşimin göstergelerindendir. Her ne kadar hoca-öğrenci şeklinde bir görüntü olsa da her ikisinden de orijinal fikirler ortaya çıkmıştır. Buna karşın Abduh ile Reşîd Rızâ arasındaki bağ ise onlarınkine göre çok daha güçlüdür. Bu noktada asıl fikir Abduha ait olup Reşîd Rızâ, onun fikirlerinin taşıyıcısı konumundadır. O nedenle hocasıyla aralarında bir sürtüşmeden ziyade bilgi alma ve onu diğer insanlara aktarma şeklinde bir ilişki söz konusudur. Abduhun eğitime verdiği önemin Reşîd Rızâda da devam ettiğini görmekteyiz. İslam dünyasındaki sorunlara toplumun her kademesinde yanlış gördükleri hususları ıslah etmek suretiyle çözüm aramaları da yine aralarındaki etkileşimin bir sonucudur. Özetlemek gerekirse her üç yazar da İslam dünyasında yaşanan sorunlara çözüm bulma adına bir çaba ortaya koymuşlardır. Bu da meselelere yeni bir bakış açısı kazandırmaktır. Çünkü sorunun temelinde yanlış bir yaklaşımın olduğu düşüncesindeydiler. Bunu yaparken toplumdan gelebilecek tepkileri dikkate almadıkları için ağır eleştirilere maruz kalmışlardır. Bu eleştiriler de onlar hakkında bir önyargının oluşmasına sebep olmuştur.

 Afghani, Abduh and Rashid Reza important intellectual men of the last period in the Islamic world, are groundbreaking personalities with their thoughts and different point of views. The main elements of the Modernist line were also shaped by their ideas. At this point, Afghani made the most significant opening, and the other two contributed to this. Afghani has come to the fore with his political personality, while the other two thinkers have come to the fore with their more scientific personalities. However, they have put forward similar views on identifying the problems in the Islamic world and finding solutions. Giving broad authority to the mind is one of their most basic characteristics. The most significant effect of this is revealed in the evaluations of the narrations. They cooperated to protect the essence of Islam and clean up unfounded elements such as bidʿah and superstition, which were added to it later. The basis of all these views lies in the backwardness of the Islamic world concerning the West. Their focus is also on finding a solution to this backwardness. In this study, an effort has been made to decipher how the interaction between these thinkers, who are among the pioneers of the modernist movement in the Islamic world, takes place. Although there are differences between them, it has been seen that they act with common decency on fundamental issues. Jamaleddin Afghani greatly influenced the formation of Muhammad Abduhs thought structure. In the same way, the thought structure of Muhammad Rashid Reza was shaped by Abduh. Abduhs thoughts were passed on to subsequent generations by his student Rashid Reza. Rashid Reza has also been a driving force in writing his teachers thoughts. The three authors we have studied have a mind-centered thinking structure. They consider the evaluation of events and the resolution of issues from this point of view. They have set out to place an entire, simple understanding of Islam in society. In order to achieve this, they also opposed many innovations that emerged later and considered them incompatible with religion. They have complained that the sects have complicated the religion. They wanted the Islamic life of the period of Muhammad and his friends to dominate Muslim society again. Afghani is the person who was instrumental in Abduhs entry into politics. He did not want Abduhs point of view to be limited only to Egypt. He has developed a point of view that considers all Muslims. Abduh, on the other hand, mediated the spread of Efghanis ideas in Egypt and Azhar. There is a strong interaction between them at the point of researching why Muslims are lagging in the face of the West and finding solutions to them. Their efforts to ensure that their thoughts do not remain in theory and are implemented as soon as possible also show that they are on a shared line. Their giving broad authority to the mind, their understanding of Deconstruction, their views on sects, and their struggle against false beliefs in society are also indicators of their interaction. Although there is an image in the form of teacher-student, original ideas have emerged from both. On the other hand, the bond between Abduh and Rashid Reza is much stronger than theirs. At this point, the main idea belongs to Abduh, and Rashid Reza is the carrier of his ideas. For that reason, he and his teacher communicate in the form of receiving information and transferring it to other people rather than deconfliction. We see that the importance Abduh attaches to education also continues in Rashid Reza. Their search for solutions to the problems in the Islamic world by correcting the issues that they Decry at all levels of society is also a result of the interaction between them. To summarize, all three authors have tried to find solutions to the problems experienced in the Islamic world. This is to give a new perspective on the issues. Because they thought that there was a wrong approach to the root of the problem. In doing so, they have been subjected to severe criticism for not considering the reactions that may come from society. These criticisms have also caused prejudice to be formed about them.

 Afghani, Abduh and Rashid Reza important intellectual men of the last period in the Islamic world, are groundbreaking personalities with their thoughts and different point of views. The main elements of the Modernist line were also shaped by their ideas. At this point, Afghani made the most significant opening, and the other two contributed to this. Afghani has come to the fore with his political personality, while the other two thinkers have come to the fore with their more scientific personalities. However, they have put forward similar views on identifying the problems in the Islamic world and finding solutions. Giving broad authority to the mind is one of their most basic characteristics. The most significant effect of this is revealed in the evaluations of the narrations. They cooperated to protect the essence of Islam and clean up unfounded elements such as bidʿah and superstition, which were added to it later. The basis of all these views lies in the backwardness of the Islamic world concerning the West. Their focus is also on finding a solution to this backwardness. In this study, an effort has been made to decipher how the interaction between these thinkers, who are among the pioneers of the modernist movement in the Islamic world, takes place. Although there are differences between them, it has been seen that they act with common decency on fundamental issues. Jamaleddin Afghani greatly influenced the formation of Muhammad Abduhs thought structure. In the same way, the thought structure of Muhammad Rashid Reza was shaped by Abduh. Abduhs thoughts were passed on to subsequent generations by his student Rashid Reza. Rashid Reza has also been a driving force in writing his teachers thoughts. The three authors we have studied have a mind-centered thinking structure. They consider the evaluation of events and the resolution of issues from this point of view. They have set out to place an entire, simple understanding of Islam in society. In order to achieve this, they also opposed many innovations that emerged later and considered them incompatible with religion. They have complained that the sects have complicated the religion. They wanted the Islamic life of the period of Muhammad and his friends to dominate Muslim society again. Afghani is the person who was instrumental in Abduhs entry into politics. He did not want Abduhs point of view to be limited only to Egypt. He has developed a point of view that considers all Muslims. Abduh, on the other hand, mediated the spread of Efghanis ideas in Egypt and Azhar. There is a strong interaction between them at the point of researching why Muslims are lagging in the face of the West and finding solutions to them. Their efforts to ensure that their thoughts do not remain in theory and are implemented as soon as possible also show that they are on a shared line. Their giving broad authority to the mind, their understanding of Deconstruction, their views on sects, and their struggle against false beliefs in society are also indicators of their interaction. Although there is an image in the form of teacher-student, original ideas have emerged from both. On the other hand, the bond between Abduh and Rashid Reza is much stronger than theirs. At this point, the main idea belongs to Abduh, and Rashid Reza is the carrier of his ideas. For that reason, he and his teacher communicate in the form of receiving information and transferring it to other people rather than deconfliction. We see that the importance Abduh attaches to education also continues in Rashid Reza. Their search for solutions to the problems in the Islamic world by correcting the issues that they Decry at all levels of society is also a result of the interaction between them. To summarize, all three authors have tried to find solutions to the problems experienced in the Islamic world. This is to give a new perspective on the issues. Because they thought that there was a wrong approach to the root of the problem. In doing so, they have been subjected to severe criticism for not considering the reactions that may come from society. These criticisms have also caused prejudice to be formed about them.

Makale detayları

An Examination on the Interaction Between Afghani-Abduh-Rashid Reza

Yazarlar:

Ahmet Özdemir

Yayıncı:

Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University

Ana Başlıklar:

Din Araştırmaları

Dergi:

Tokat İlmiyat Dergisi Vol.11 Issue 1, pp.37-68

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001294701

pISSN:

2717-610X

Tafsir

Afghani

Abduh

Rashid Reza.Tefsir

Efgânî

Abduh

Reşîd Rızâ.

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Ahmet Özdemir

Yayıncı: Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University

Ana Başlıklar: Din Araştırmaları

Dergi: Tokat İlmiyat Dergisi Vol.11 Issue 1, pp.37-68

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001294701

pISSN: 2717-610X

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Ahmet Özdemir

Yayıncı:

Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University

Ana Başlıklar:

Din Araştırmaları

Dergi:

Tokat İlmiyat Dergisi Vol.11 Issue 1, pp.37-68

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001294701

pISSN:

2717-610X