The Wind That Brings Change: An Evaluation on the Reasons for England's Withdrawal from Africa

İrşat Sarıalioğlu

Makale detayları

The Wind That Brings Change: An Evaluation on the Reasons for England's Withdrawal from Africa

Yazarlar:

İrşat Sarıalioğlu

Yayıncı:

Kastamonu University

Ana Başlıklar:

Afrika Çalışmaları | Avrupa Çalışmaları | Uluslararası İlişkiler (Diğer)

Dergi:

Kastamonu Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.25 Issue 2, pp.719-735

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001309129

pISSN:

2147-6012

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Harold Macmillans term as prime minister 1957-1963 went down in history as the period of Englands withdrawal from Africa. Macmillan announced Englands decision to withdraw from Africa in a speech he made in cape Town on February 3, 1960. The most interesting part of the speech is the prime ministers definition of the process from colonial rule to independence with the phrase wind of change. As of this date, Englands withdrawal from Africa and even the decolonization process as a whole in the second half of the 20th century have been referred to as the wind of change in the literature. This study focuses on the reasons behind Englands policy of decolonization from Africa, which is associated with Macmillan and conceptualized with the metaphor of the wind of change. In this context, it was determined in the study that Englands decision to withdraw from Africa cannot be evaluated separately from the loss of prestige experienced after the Suez crisis. After that, in addition to the economic stalemate experienced by England after the Second World War, the threat of the Soviet Union combined with the rising nationalism in Africa, the pressure of the USA, whose weight was increasing in Englands foreign policy, towards decolonization, and the attitude of the UN forced England to withdraw from the region. Finally, it is underlined that although Macmillans speech dated February 3, 1960 and Englands decision to withdraw from Africa seem at first glance to be a concession on behalf of London, it would be more accurate to consider it as an attempt by England to maintain its influence in the region under new conditions.

 Harold Macmillans term as prime minister 1957-1963 went down in history as the period of Englands withdrawal from Africa. Macmillan announced Englands decision to withdraw from Africa in a speech he made in cape Town on February 3, 1960. The most interesting part of the speech is the prime ministers definition of the process from colonial rule to independence with the phrase wind of change. As of this date, Englands withdrawal from Africa and even the decolonization process as a whole in the second half of the 20th century have been referred to as the wind of change in the literature. This study focuses on the reasons behind Englands policy of decolonization from Africa, which is associated with Macmillan and conceptualized with the metaphor of the wind of change. In this context, it was determined in the study that Englands decision to withdraw from Africa cannot be evaluated separately from the loss of prestige experienced after the Suez crisis. After that, in addition to the economic stalemate experienced by England after the Second World War, the threat of the Soviet Union combined with the rising nationalism in Africa, the pressure of the USA, whose weight was increasing in Englands foreign policy, towards decolonization, and the attitude of the UN forced England to withdraw from the region. Finally, it is underlined that although Macmillans speech dated February 3, 1960 and Englands decision to withdraw from Africa seem at first glance to be a concession on behalf of London, it would be more accurate to consider it as an attempt by England to maintain its influence in the region under new conditions.

 Harold Macmillans term as prime minister 1957-1963 went down in history as the period of Englands withdrawal from Africa. Macmillan announced Englands decision to withdraw from Africa in a speech he made in cape Town on February 3, 1960. The most interesting part of the speech is the prime ministers definition of the process from colonial rule to independence with the phrase wind of change. As of this date, Englands withdrawal from Africa and even the decolonization process as a whole in the second half of the 20th century have been referred to as the wind of change in the literature. This study focuses on the reasons behind Englands policy of decolonization from Africa, which is associated with Macmillan and conceptualized with the metaphor of the wind of change. In this context, it was determined in the study that Englands decision to withdraw from Africa cannot be evaluated separately from the loss of prestige experienced after the Suez crisis. After that, in addition to the economic stalemate experienced by England after the Second World War, the threat of the Soviet Union combined with the rising nationalism in Africa, the pressure of the USA, whose weight was increasing in Englands foreign policy, towards decolonization, and the attitude of the UN forced England to withdraw from the region. Finally, it is underlined that although Macmillans speech dated February 3, 1960 and Englands decision to withdraw from Africa seem at first glance to be a concession on behalf of London, it would be more accurate to consider it as an attempt by England to maintain its influence in the region under new conditions.

 Harold Macmillanın başbakanlık dönemi 1957-1963 İngilterenin Afrikadan çekilme dönemi olarak tarihe geçmiştir. Macmillan 03 Şubat 1960da, Cape Townda yaptığı bir konuşmayla İngilterenin Afrikadan çekilme kararını ilan etmiştir. Konuşmanın en ilgi çeken kısmı başbakanın sömürge yönetiminden bağımsızlığa giden süreci, değişim rüzgârı wind of change ifadesiyle tanımlamasıdır. Bu tarihten itibaren İngilterenin Afrikadan çekilmesi hatta bir bütün olarak 20. yüzyılın ikinci yarısındaki dekolonizasyon süreci literatürde değişim rüzgârı tabiriyle yer almıştır. Bu çalışma Macmillanla anılan ve değişim rüzgârı metaforuyla kavramsallaştırılan İngilterenin Afrikadan çekilme politikasının ardındaki sebeplere odaklanmaktadır. Bu çerçevede çalışmada ilk etapta İngilterenin Afrikadan çekilme kararının Süveyş Krizinin ardından yaşanan prestij kaybından bağımsız değerlendirilemeyeceği tespit edilmiştir. Daha sonra ise İngilterenin İkinci Dünya Savaşının ardından yaşadığı ekonomik çıkmazın yanı sıra, Afrikada yükselen milliyetçilikle birleşen Sovyetler Birliği tehdidinin, İngilterenin dış politikasında ağırlığı giderek artan ABDnin dekolonizasyon yönündeki baskısının ve BMnin tutumunun İngiltereyi bölgeden çekilmeye iten sebepler olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Son olarak ise Macmillanın 3 Şubat 1960 tarihli konuşmasının ve İngilterenin Afrikadan çekilme kararını ilk bakışta Londra namına bir taviz olarak görünmekle beraber, İngilterenin bölgedeki nüfuzunu yeni koşullar altında devam ettirmeye yönelik bir girişimi olarak değerlendirmenin daha doğru olacağının altı çizilmiştir.

Makale detayları

The Wind That Brings Change: An Evaluation on the Reasons for England's Withdrawal from Africa

Yazarlar:

İrşat Sarıalioğlu

Yayıncı:

Kastamonu University

Ana Başlıklar:

Afrika Çalışmaları | Avrupa Çalışmaları | Uluslararası İlişkiler (Diğer)

Dergi:

Kastamonu Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.25 Issue 2, pp.719-735

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001309129

pISSN:

2147-6012

England

Africa

Decolonization

Wind of Change

Harold Macmillanİngiltere

Afrika

Dekolonizasyon

Değişim Rüzgârı

Harold Macmillan

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: İrşat Sarıalioğlu

Yayıncı: Kastamonu University

Ana Başlıklar: Afrika Çalışmaları | Avrupa Çalışmaları | Uluslararası İlişkiler (Diğer)

Dergi: Kastamonu Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.25 Issue 2, pp.719-735

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 12/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001309129

pISSN: 2147-6012

Sayı

Yazarlar:

İrşat Sarıalioğlu

Yayıncı:

Kastamonu University

Ana Başlıklar:

Afrika Çalışmaları | Avrupa Çalışmaları | Uluslararası İlişkiler (Diğer)

Dergi:

Kastamonu Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.25 Issue 2, pp.719-735

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001309129

pISSN:

2147-6012