Gadîr-i Hum Hadisesinin Değerlendirilmesi

İhsan ARSLAN

Makale detayları

Gadîr-i Hum Hadisesinin Değerlendirilmesi

Yazarlar:

İhsan ARSLAN

Ana Başlıklar:

Din

Dergi:

e-Makalat Mezhep Araştırmaları Dergisi 2019 Vol.12 Issue 2, pp.610-651

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2019

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2000949213

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 


Bu araştırmada Hz. Ali’nin velâyeti incelenirken Şîa ve Ehl-i
sünnetin temel kaynakları referans olarak kullanılmıştır. Şîa’ya göre Hz.
Peygamber, Hz. Ali’yi Gadîr-i Hum denilen yerde vasî tayin etmiş, başta Hz. Ebû
Bekir ve Hz. Ömer olmak üzere orada bulunanlar ise buna tanıklık etmişlerdir.
Görüşlerini âyetlerle desteklemeye çalışan Şîa, bu düşüncesini İslâm’ın beş
temel şartından biri olarak kabul etmiştir. Ehl-i sünnet ise Gadîr-i Hum’da
meydana gelen olayı Hz. Ali’nin Yemen seferi dönüşü askerler arasında yaşanan
bazı problemlerle ilişkili olarak değerlendirmektedir. Yapılan incelemede
Şîa’nın Hz. Ali’nin vasiliğini meşrulaştırmak için kullandığı âyetlerin konuyla
ilgili olmadığı değerlendirmesinde bulunulmuştur. Bu bağlamda Hz. Ali’nin
yaşadığı dönemlerde meydana gelen iktidar mücadelelerinde olayın kahramanlarının
âdeta akıl tutulması yaşayarak onu hatırlayamamaları, bu hadisenin mezhebî
duygu ve düşüncelerle inşa edilerek kurgulandığı sonucunu doğurmuştur.


.

 


In this research while examining Ali's succession, the
basic sources of Shi'a and Ahl-i Sunnah were used as reference. According to
the Shi’a, Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) assigned Ali as his successor at the place
called Ghadir Khumm and those who were there, particularly Abu Bakr and Umar
witnessed that. Shi’a, who tries to support his views with verses, accepts this
event as one of the five basics of Islam, whereas Ahl’i Sunnah sees this event
took place at Ghadir Khumm as related to some problems between Ali and the
soldiers occurred after the expedition from Yemen. In this study it was
concluded that the verses which Shi’a using to justify Ali’s succession are not
relevant. In this context, the inability to remember, as if with an abdication
of reason, of people who witnessed the events at Ghadir Khumm, in the power
struggles while Ali was living led to the conclusion that this incident was
constructed with sectarian feelings and thoughts.

Summary

Ghadir Khumm, which consists of a
combination of the Word ghadir meaning “dense woodland” and the Word hum
meaning “pond” in Arabic, was on the left side of the road between Mecca
and Madina away from Cuhfe about one, two, three or four miles. It was a pond
that had become a swamp and reeds due to frequent rains.


The Ghadir Khumm Incident which Shia considers as the most important
valid evidence for Ali’s succession has been controversial throughout the
history. The basic of this controversion is viewpoint of the both sides.
According to Shia belief, while the Muslims were returning from the Farewell
Pilgrimage, when the verse saying “O Apostle! Deliver what has been sent down
to you from your Lord; and if you don't do it, you have not delivered His
message (at all); and Allah will protect you from the people “(Qur’an 5: 67)”
was revealed Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) delivered a lengthy sermon in
which he announced Ali was his heir by saying “Anyone who has me as his mawla,
has Ali as his mawla.” Yet more Shia claimed that Ali received the
congratulations of the Muslims who acclaimed him as Amir al-Mu’minin. Among
these well-wishers were the later caliphs Abu Bakr and Umar. Shia stated that
after the oaths of allegiance and congratulations the official appointment of
Ali as Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) successor was completed with the revelation of
third verse of Al-Ma'idah saying: “This day I have perfected your Religion for
you: Completed My favour upon you, and have chosen for you Islam as your
Religion.” According to the Shia this event is one of the five basics of Islam.
However, the witnesses of this incident did not make it a current issue in the
course of the power struggles. Even Ali did not mention about it during the Abu
Bakr’s caliphate despite the fact that he uttered his annoyance about Abu
Bakr’s caliphate several times. It means even Ali was aware of his succession.
Because the clear evidence like this would be an enormous opportunity for Ali
and his supporters. However, the main actors of the conflict were almost within
the eclipse of reason and could not remember this evidence which definitely
could heal the breach.


The basis of the Ghadir Khumm incident, which Shia has turned into an
object of faith, is far from being convincing. For, the matter mentioned in the
sixty-seventh verse of Al-Ma'idah, which is connected with this event, is not
about the succession of Ali but just announcement of all the commands and
prohibition which Allah orders at any cost. The Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) who
pursued the balance between all the parts of the society was wary of public’s
revulsion when the verses were revealed about the Jews, Christians and
polytheists. The Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) was worried about people’s reaction
and by sending this verse, Allah eliminated the fear that the Messenger of Him
(pbuh) and made it clear that he did not need to worry about and that he was
spiritually protected. In terms of tafsir methodology it is not a correct
approach to try to understand the verses by decontextualizing them. For, the
third verse of Al-Ma'idah was decontextualized by Shia in compliance with their
factional views. In this context, when this verse is taken into consideration
before and after, it is seen that it is not related to imamat or
succession but includes provisions on haram, halal, orders and prohibitions.
This verse being one of the last verses and revelation of no further orders and
prohibitions on legislation supports this view. Allah tried to prevent people
from misunderstanding by sending the revelation clearly. For this reason, if
Ali’s succession had been determined by Him it would have been revealed and
understood clearly.









The Sunnî sources connects the event with Ali’s campaign in Yemen, from
which he had just returned prior to accompanying Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) on the
Farewell Pilgrimage. In Ghadir Khumm the soldiers who participated this
campaign accused of Ali the distribution of booty, bondswoman issue, not
letting riding on zakat camels and wearing clothes belongs to the booty during
the expedition. Thereupon, the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) made a speech
emphasizing the importance of friendship and brotherhood in order to placate
both sides and settled the matter by saying “Anyone who has me as his comrade,
has Ali as his comrade” in this context. Therefore, The Ghadir Khumm incident,
which Shia has turned into a matter of faith, was constructed with sectarian
feelings and thoughts and its legitimacy was supported by verses
decontextualized.


.

Makale detayları

Gadîr-i Hum Hadisesinin Değerlendirilmesi

Yazarlar:

İhsan ARSLAN

Ana Başlıklar:

Din

Dergi:

e-Makalat Mezhep Araştırmaları Dergisi 2019 Vol.12 Issue 2, pp.610-651

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2019

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2000949213

Hz. Peygamber

Hz. Ali

Gadîr-i Hum

Şîa

Velâyet

Sayı

Makale detayları

Gadîr-i Hum Hadisesinin Değerlendirilmesi

Yazarlar: İhsan ARSLAN

Ana Başlıklar: Din

Dergi: e-Makalat Mezhep Araştırmaları Dergisi 2019 Vol.12 Issue 2, pp.610-651

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 12/2019

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2000949213

Hz. Peygamber

Hz. Ali

Gadîr-i Hum

Şîa

Velâyet

Sayı

Yazarlar:

İhsan ARSLAN

Ana Başlıklar:

Din

Dergi:

e-Makalat Mezhep Araştırmaları Dergisi 2019 Vol.12 Issue 2, pp.610-651

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2019

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2000949213