A Review on The Use of The Concept of Variant in Qirā’āt Disputes

Cafer Yerlikaya

Makale detayları

A Review on The Use of The Concept of Variant in Qirā’āt Disputes

Yazarlar:

Cafer Yerlikaya

Yayıncı:

Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University

Ana Başlıklar:

Kuran-ı Kerim Okuma ve Kıraat

Dergi:

Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Issue 45, pp.296-311

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001352478

pISSN:

1304-4524

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The word variant, a French word, has become a concept frequently used by western and contemporary researchers. This concept is also used in some researches in the field of qirāāts along with different branches of science. In this study, the suitability and usability of the concept of variant in defining differencesdisagreements in qirāāts was examined. In French, this term means anything that deviates from the group or main type in some of its characteristics, variable, change, transformation, variation, variety, variation, changing. In Turkish, this concept has different uses as well as the meanings of variable and all kinds of variation within the language. The terms variant and variation are among the words used everywhere in linguistics where language is used. Variation in language is classified as standard variant, local variant and social variant. It is possible to express what is meant in any sentence with the local variation as well as with the standardofficial variant. In this case, the standardofficial variant is the main one, and the other variations are considered secondary and non-mainstream expressions. These concepts are terms used to describe communication and diversity within a language. In this context, the use of the concept of variant in the science of recitation for qirāāts is possible by evaluating this term in terms of conflict and identity. Islamic scholars state that the disputes that occur in the mutawātir qirāāts are not secondary readings, but all of them are essential. In the same way, Islamic scholars say that the mutawātir qirāāts within the scope of the seven letters are equal and identical with each other in equivalence. The orientalists, used the concept of variant in a different context when they used it for qirāāt disputes. Ignaz Goldziher, one of the Western orientalists, said that changes took place in the first and last versions of the Torah and the Bible; He claimed that the Qurān was also exposed to this situation and tried to prove this claim through qirāāts. According to him, there is a reading of the divine text, which is the original, and that text has also been subject to changes. There are also non-original texts and qiraats, which have emerged due to the fact that the official mushaf is without movement and without dots and due to some social factors. According to him, all of these texts, whether original or not, have been altered for a certain reason. By using the concepts of variant-varianten while explaining the differences in qirāāts, Goldziher evaluated all of the qirāāts in the context of secondaryvariant readings, whether they are main or not. Because, according to him, the qirāāt disputes are not of divine origin, but are not of divine origin, but are non-divine readings that arise from social factors social variant or the lack of development of writing and are separated from the main qirāāt standard variant, established by the sahâba. Today, some academics and researchers have used this concept in their research in a similar context; Ignoring the narrations about the historical process and the seven letters, they considered the qirāāt disputes as the result of humanitarian, historical and social conditions. In this context, in our study, the concept of variant has been analyzed in terms of its dictionary meaning in Turkish, its use in linguistics and qirāāt. In addition, it has been tried to determine the context and meaning in which scholars such as Goldziher and some academics use the concept of variant and qirāāt disputes. The relationship between the concept of variant used by the orientalists and some other terms and subjects in the science of qirāāt has also been analyzed and explained. In this context, the concept of variant has been examined together with terms and subjects such as health criteria of qiraats, identity of the Qurān and qirāāts,  āhād and shāz, tawâtur and  ijmāʿ.

 The word variant, a French word, has become a concept frequently used by western and contemporary researchers. This concept is also used in some researches in the field of qirāāts along with different branches of science. In this study, the suitability and usability of the concept of variant in defining differencesdisagreements in qirāāts was examined. In French, this term means anything that deviates from the group or main type in some of its characteristics, variable, change, transformation, variation, variety, variation, changing. In Turkish, this concept has different uses as well as the meanings of variable and all kinds of variation within the language. The terms variant and variation are among the words used everywhere in linguistics where language is used. Variation in language is classified as standard variant, local variant and social variant. It is possible to express what is meant in any sentence with the local variation as well as with the standardofficial variant. In this case, the standardofficial variant is the main one, and the other variations are considered secondary and non-mainstream expressions. These concepts are terms used to describe communication and diversity within a language. In this context, the use of the concept of variant in the science of recitation for qirāāts is possible by evaluating this term in terms of conflict and identity. Islamic scholars state that the disputes that occur in the mutawātir qirāāts are not secondary readings, but all of them are essential. In the same way, Islamic scholars say that the mutawātir qirāāts within the scope of the seven letters are equal and identical with each other in equivalence. The orientalists, used the concept of variant in a different context when they used it for qirāāt disputes. Ignaz Goldziher, one of the Western orientalists, said that changes took place in the first and last versions of the Torah and the Bible; He claimed that the Qurān was also exposed to this situation and tried to prove this claim through qirāāts. According to him, there is a reading of the divine text, which is the original, and that text has also been subject to changes. There are also non-original texts and qiraats, which have emerged due to the fact that the official mushaf is without movement and without dots and due to some social factors. According to him, all of these texts, whether original or not, have been altered for a certain reason. By using the concepts of variant-varianten while explaining the differences in qirāāts, Goldziher evaluated all of the qirāāts in the context of secondaryvariant readings, whether they are main or not. Because, according to him, the qirāāt disputes are not of divine origin, but are not of divine origin, but are non-divine readings that arise from social factors social variant or the lack of development of writing and are separated from the main qirāāt standard variant, established by the sahâba. Today, some academics and researchers have used this concept in their research in a similar context; Ignoring the narrations about the historical process and the seven letters, they considered the qirāāt disputes as the result of humanitarian, historical and social conditions. In this context, in our study, the concept of variant has been analyzed in terms of its dictionary meaning in Turkish, its use in linguistics and qirāāt. In addition, it has been tried to determine the context and meaning in which scholars such as Goldziher and some academics use the concept of variant and qirāāt disputes. The relationship between the concept of variant used by the orientalists and some other terms and subjects in the science of qirāāt has also been analyzed and explained. In this context, the concept of variant has been examined together with terms and subjects such as health criteria of qiraats, identity of the Qurān and qirāāts,  āhād and shāz, tawâtur and  ijmāʿ.

 The word variant, a French word, has become a concept frequently used by western and contemporary researchers. This concept is also used in some researches in the field of qirāāts along with different branches of science. In this study, the suitability and usability of the concept of variant in defining differencesdisagreements in qirāāts was examined. In French, this term means anything that deviates from the group or main type in some of its characteristics, variable, change, transformation, variation, variety, variation, changing. In Turkish, this concept has different uses as well as the meanings of variable and all kinds of variation within the language. The terms variant and variation are among the words used everywhere in linguistics where language is used. Variation in language is classified as standard variant, local variant and social variant. It is possible to express what is meant in any sentence with the local variation as well as with the standardofficial variant. In this case, the standardofficial variant is the main one, and the other variations are considered secondary and non-mainstream expressions. These concepts are terms used to describe communication and diversity within a language. In this context, the use of the concept of variant in the science of recitation for qirāāts is possible by evaluating this term in terms of conflict and identity. Islamic scholars state that the disputes that occur in the mutawātir qirāāts are not secondary readings, but all of them are essential. In the same way, Islamic scholars say that the mutawātir qirāāts within the scope of the seven letters are equal and identical with each other in equivalence. The orientalists, used the concept of variant in a different context when they used it for qirāāt disputes. Ignaz Goldziher, one of the Western orientalists, said that changes took place in the first and last versions of the Torah and the Bible; He claimed that the Qurān was also exposed to this situation and tried to prove this claim through qirāāts. According to him, there is a reading of the divine text, which is the original, and that text has also been subject to changes. There are also non-original texts and qiraats, which have emerged due to the fact that the official mushaf is without movement and without dots and due to some social factors. According to him, all of these texts, whether original or not, have been altered for a certain reason. By using the concepts of variant-varianten while explaining the differences in qirāāts, Goldziher evaluated all of the qirāāts in the context of secondaryvariant readings, whether they are main or not. Because, according to him, the qirāāt disputes are not of divine origin, but are not of divine origin, but are non-divine readings that arise from social factors social variant or the lack of development of writing and are separated from the main qirāāt standard variant, established by the sahâba. Today, some academics and researchers have used this concept in their research in a similar context; Ignoring the narrations about the historical process and the seven letters, they considered the qirāāt disputes as the result of humanitarian, historical and social conditions. In this context, in our study, the concept of variant has been analyzed in terms of its dictionary meaning in Turkish, its use in linguistics and qirāāt. In addition, it has been tried to determine the context and meaning in which scholars such as Goldziher and some academics use the concept of variant and qirāāt disputes. The relationship between the concept of variant used by the orientalists and some other terms and subjects in the science of qirāāt has also been analyzed and explained. In this context, the concept of variant has been examined together with terms and subjects such as health criteria of qiraats, identity of the Qurān and qirāāts,  āhād and shāz, tawâtur and  ijmāʿ.

 Fransızca bir kelime olan varyant kelimesi, batılı ve günümüz araştırmacıları tarafından sıkça kullanılan bir kavram haline gelmiştir. Bu kavram, değişik bilim dallarıyla birlikte kıraat alanında yapılan birtakım araştırmalarda da kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada varyant kavramının, kıraat farklılıklarınıihtilâflarını tanımlamadaki uygunluğu ve kullanılabilirliği incelemeye tabi tutulmuştur. Fransızcada bu terim Bazı özellikleriyle gruptan veya ana tipten sapmış herhangi bir şey, değişken, değişim, tahavvül, tehalüf, çeşitlilik, tenevvü, değiştirmek anlamlarına gelmektedir. Türkçede ise bu kavramın değişke, dil içerisindeki her türlü çeşitlenme anlamlarının yanında farklı kullanımları da bulunmaktadır. Varyant ve varyasyon terimleri, dilbilim içerisinde de dilin kullanıldığı her yerde ifade edilen sözcüklerden biridir. Dilde varyasyon, standart varyant, yerel varyasyon ve sosyal varyasyonlar olarak sınıflandırılmaktadır. Herhangi bir cümlede anlatılmak istenen şeyin, standartresmi varyant ile olduğu gibi yerel varyasyonla da ifade edilmesi mümkündür. Bu durumda standartresmi varyant asıl, diğer varyasyonlar tali kabul edilen asıl olmayan ifadelerdir. Bu kavramlar ise bir dil içerisinde iletişim ve çeşitliliği tanımlamak için kullanılan terimlerdir. Bu bağlam içerisinde kıraat ilminde varyant kavramının kıraatler için kullanılması, bu terimin İhtilâf ve özdeşlik açısından değerlendirilmesiyle mümkündür. İslâm âlimleri, mütevâtir kıraatlerde meydana gelen ihtilâfların tali okuyuşlar olmadığını, hepsinin asıl olduğunu ifade etmektedir. Aynı şekilde İslâm âlimleri, yedi harf kapsamındaki mütevâtir kıraatlerin, denklikte de birbirleriyle eşit ve özdeş olduğunu söylemektedir. Müsteşrikler, varyant kavramını kıraat İhtilâfları için kullanırken farklı bir bağlamda kullanmıştır. Batılı müsteşriklerden Ignaz Goldziher, Tevrat ve İncilin ilk ve son hallerinde değişiklikler meydana geldiğini; Kuranın da bu duruma maruz kaldığını iddia etmiş ve bu iddiasını kıraatler üzerinden delillendirmeye çalışmıştır. Ona göre, bir asıl olan ilahi metin okunuşu vardır ve o metin de değişikliklere maruz kalmıştır. Bir de asıl olmayan metin ve kıraatler vardır ki bu kıraatler resm-i mushafın harekesiz ve noktasız olması ve bazı sosyal etkenlerden dolayı ortaya çıkmıştır. Ona göre, asıl olsun veya olmasın bu metinlerin hepsi de belli bir sebepten dolayı değişikliğe uğramıştır. Goldziher, kıraat farklılıklarını izah ederken variant-varianten kavramlarını kullanarak, kıraatleri ister asıl isterse asıl olmasın hepsini tali okuyuşlar bağlamında değerlendirmiştir. Zira ona göre kıraat ihtilâfları ilahi kaynaklı olmayıp sosyal etkenler sosyal varyant veya yazının gelişmemiş olmasından kaynaklanan ve ana okuyuştan standart varyant ayrılan, sahâbe tarafından ihdas edilen, ilahi olmayan okuyuşlardır. Günümüzde bazı akademisyen ve araştırmacılar da bu kavramı benzer bir bağlam içerisinde araştırmalarında kullanmışlar; tarihi süreç ve yedi harf ile ilgili rivayetleri dikkate almayarak kıraat ihtilâflarını, insanî, tarihsel ve toplumsal şartların doğurduğu sonuç olarak değerlendirmişlerdir. Bu bağlamda çalışmamızda varyant kavramı Türkçedeki sözlük anlamı, dilbilim ve kıraat ilmindeki kullanımı yönüyle tahlil edilmiştir. Ayrıca Goldziher gibi müsteşriklerin ve bazı akademisyenlerin, varyant kavramıyla kıraat ihtilâflarını hangi bağlam ve anlamda kullandıkları tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Müsteşriklerin kullandıkları varyant kavramının, kıraat ilmi içerisindeki diğer bazı terim ve konularla ilişkisi de tahlil edilerek izah edilmiştir. Bu çerçevede varyant kavramı, kıraatlerin sıhhat kriterleri, Kuran-kıraatlerin özdeşliği, âhad ve şâz, tevâtür ve icmâ gibi terim ve konularla birlikte incelemeye tabi tutulmuştur.

Makale detayları

A Review on The Use of The Concept of Variant in Qirā’āt Disputes

Yazarlar:

Cafer Yerlikaya

Yayıncı:

Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University

Ana Başlıklar:

Kuran-ı Kerim Okuma ve Kıraat

Dergi:

Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Issue 45, pp.296-311

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001352478

pISSN:

1304-4524

Qirā’āt

Qur’ān

Ihtilāf

Identity

VariantKıraat

Kur’an

İhtilâf

Özdeşlik

Varyant

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Cafer Yerlikaya

Yayıncı: Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University

Ana Başlıklar: Kuran-ı Kerim Okuma ve Kıraat

Dergi: Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Issue 45, pp.296-311

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001352478

pISSN: 1304-4524

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Cafer Yerlikaya

Yayıncı:

Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University

Ana Başlıklar:

Kuran-ı Kerim Okuma ve Kıraat

Dergi:

Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Issue 45, pp.296-311

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001352478

pISSN:

1304-4524