The Overlooked Link of Turkish Cinema Legislation: 1936 Regulation on the Control of Cinema Films and Scripts

Ayhan Ceylan

Makale detayları

The Overlooked Link of Turkish Cinema Legislation: 1936 Regulation on the Control of Cinema Films and Scripts

Yazarlar:

Ayhan Ceylan

Yayıncı:

Erzincan Binali Yildirim University

Ana Başlıklar:

Basın ve Haberleşme Hukuku

Dergi:

Erzincan Binali Yıldırım Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.29 Issue 1, pp.1-29

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001350350

pISSN:

2651-494X

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 In the history of Turkish cinema, the first general, abstract and objective legal regulation specific to cinema is the Regulation on the Control of Cinema Films dated 1932, which stipulates rules limited to control. This legal text was followed by the 1936 Regulation on the Control of Cinema Films and Scripts, the 1939 Regulation on the Control of Films and Film Scripts, the 1977 Regulation on the Control of Films and Film Scripts, the 1983 Regulation on the Control of Films and Film Scripts, the 1986 Law on Cinema, Video and Music Works, and the 2004 Law on the Evaluation, Classification and Support of Cinema Films. Cinema regulations between 1932 and 1986 included rules regarding control as in the Ottoman Empire. The 1986 Law on Cinema, Video and Music Works, although not specific to cinema, put an end to the control-oriented cinema system. The legal text which is specific to cinema and which stipulates general, abstract and objective rules regulating the field in multiple aspects is the 2004 Law on the Evaluation, Classification and Support of Cinema Films, which was prepared during the harmonisation process with the European Union and is still in force. Turkish cinema legislation has been addressed in literature that examines cinema from various perspectives. In general, the 1936 Cinema Film and Screenplay Control Regulation has been overlooked in these studies. However, this Regulation was published in the Official Gazette and its entry into force and content were reported in newspapers of the period. In 1934, the fact that cinema had a legal basis for inspection, the need to elaborate the inspection envisaged in the law, and the fact that the 1932 Cinema Instruction Regulation could not meet the needs that emerged over time led to the adoption of the 1936 Cinema Instruction Regulation. While this new Regulation repealed the 1932 Cinema Regulation, it brought changes to the inspection of cinema scripts and films, especially in the structure of the Control Commission, the inspection criteria, the form and stages of objection to Commission Decisions. The implementation of the Regulation was reflected in the period decision books of the Control Commissions in the film inspection examples.

 In the history of Turkish cinema, the first general, abstract and objective legal regulation specific to cinema is the Regulation on the Control of Cinema Films dated 1932, which stipulates rules limited to control. This legal text was followed by the 1936 Regulation on the Control of Cinema Films and Scripts, the 1939 Regulation on the Control of Films and Film Scripts, the 1977 Regulation on the Control of Films and Film Scripts, the 1983 Regulation on the Control of Films and Film Scripts, the 1986 Law on Cinema, Video and Music Works, and the 2004 Law on the Evaluation, Classification and Support of Cinema Films. Cinema regulations between 1932 and 1986 included rules regarding control as in the Ottoman Empire. The 1986 Law on Cinema, Video and Music Works, although not specific to cinema, put an end to the control-oriented cinema system. The legal text which is specific to cinema and which stipulates general, abstract and objective rules regulating the field in multiple aspects is the 2004 Law on the Evaluation, Classification and Support of Cinema Films, which was prepared during the harmonisation process with the European Union and is still in force. Turkish cinema legislation has been addressed in literature that examines cinema from various perspectives. In general, the 1936 Cinema Film and Screenplay Control Regulation has been overlooked in these studies. However, this Regulation was published in the Official Gazette and its entry into force and content were reported in newspapers of the period. In 1934, the fact that cinema had a legal basis for inspection, the need to elaborate the inspection envisaged in the law, and the fact that the 1932 Cinema Instruction Regulation could not meet the needs that emerged over time led to the adoption of the 1936 Cinema Instruction Regulation. While this new Regulation repealed the 1932 Cinema Regulation, it brought changes to the inspection of cinema scripts and films, especially in the structure of the Control Commission, the inspection criteria, the form and stages of objection to Commission Decisions. The implementation of the Regulation was reflected in the period decision books of the Control Commissions in the film inspection examples.

 In the history of Turkish cinema, the first general, abstract and objective legal regulation specific to cinema is the Regulation on the Control of Cinema Films dated 1932, which stipulates rules limited to control. This legal text was followed by the 1936 Regulation on the Control of Cinema Films and Scripts, the 1939 Regulation on the Control of Films and Film Scripts, the 1977 Regulation on the Control of Films and Film Scripts, the 1983 Regulation on the Control of Films and Film Scripts, the 1986 Law on Cinema, Video and Music Works, and the 2004 Law on the Evaluation, Classification and Support of Cinema Films. Cinema regulations between 1932 and 1986 included rules regarding control as in the Ottoman Empire. The 1986 Law on Cinema, Video and Music Works, although not specific to cinema, put an end to the control-oriented cinema system. The legal text which is specific to cinema and which stipulates general, abstract and objective rules regulating the field in multiple aspects is the 2004 Law on the Evaluation, Classification and Support of Cinema Films, which was prepared during the harmonisation process with the European Union and is still in force. Turkish cinema legislation has been addressed in literature that examines cinema from various perspectives. In general, the 1936 Cinema Film and Screenplay Control Regulation has been overlooked in these studies. However, this Regulation was published in the Official Gazette and its entry into force and content were reported in newspapers of the period. In 1934, the fact that cinema had a legal basis for inspection, the need to elaborate the inspection envisaged in the law, and the fact that the 1932 Cinema Instruction Regulation could not meet the needs that emerged over time led to the adoption of the 1936 Cinema Instruction Regulation. While this new Regulation repealed the 1932 Cinema Regulation, it brought changes to the inspection of cinema scripts and films, especially in the structure of the Control Commission, the inspection criteria, the form and stages of objection to Commission Decisions. The implementation of the Regulation was reflected in the period decision books of the Control Commissions in the film inspection examples.

 Türk sinema tarihinde, sinemaya özgü genel, soyut ve objektif ilk hukukî düzenleme, denetimle sınırlı kurallar öngören 1932 tarihli Sinema Filmlerinin Kontrolüne Ait Talimatnâmedir. Bu hukuki metni sırayla, 1936 Sinema Film ve Senaryolarının Kontrolüne Dair Talimatnâme, 1939 Film ve Film Senaryolarının Kontrolüne Dair Nizamnâme, 1977 Film ve Film Senaryolarının Denetlenmesi Hakkında Tüzük, 1983 Film ve Film Senaryolarının Denetlenmesine İlişkin Tüzük, 1986 Sinema, Video ve Müzik Eserleri Kanunu ve 2004 Sinema Filmlerinin Değerlendirilmesi ve Sınıflandırılması ile Desteklenmesi Hakkında Kanun izlemiştir. 1932-1986 yılları arasındaki sinema düzenlemeleri Osmanlı Devletinde olduğu gibi denetime ilişkin kurallar ihtiva etmektedir. 1986 Sinema, Video ve Müzik Eserleri Kanunu, sinemaya özgü olmamakla birlikte, denetim odaklı sinema düzenine son vermiştir. Sinemaya özgü, alanı çok yönlü düzenleyen genel, soyut ve objektif kurallar öngören hukukî metin ise Avrupa Birliği ile uyum sürecinde hazırlanan ve hâlen uygulanan 2004 Sinema Filmlerinin Değerlendirilmesi ve Sınıflandırılması ile Desteklenmesi Hakkında Kanundur. Türk sinema mevzuatı, sinemayı çeşitli yönlerden ele alan literatürde değerlendirilmiştir. Bu araştırmaların genelinde 1936 yılındaki Sinema Film ve Senaryolarının Kontrolü Talimatnâmesi gözden kaçmıştır. Oysa bu Talimatnâme Resmi Gazetede yayınlanmış ve yürürlüğe girişi ve içeriği dönem gazetelerinde haber konusu olmuştur. 1934 yılında sinemanın denetimle ilgili kanunî bir dayanağa kavuşması, kanunda öngörülen bu denetimin ayrıntılandırılmasına gerek duyulması ve 1932 Sinema Talimatnâmesinin zamanla ortaya çıkan ihtiyaçları karşılayamaması 1936 Sinema Talimatnâmesinin kabulüne yol açmıştır. Bu yeni Talimatnâme, 1932 Sinema Talimatnâmesini yürürlükten kaldırırken, sinema senaryo ve filmlerinin denetiminde, özellikle Denetim Komisyonu yapısında, denetim kriterlerinde, Komisyon Kararlarına itiraz şekli ve aşamalarında değişiklikler getirmiştir. Talimatnâmenin uygulanması Kontrol Komisyonlarının, film denetleme örneklerinde dönem karar defterlerine yansımıştır.

Makale detayları

The Overlooked Link of Turkish Cinema Legislation: 1936 Regulation on the Control of Cinema Films and Scripts

Yazarlar:

Ayhan Ceylan

Yayıncı:

Erzincan Binali Yildirim University

Ana Başlıklar:

Basın ve Haberleşme Hukuku

Dergi:

Erzincan Binali Yıldırım Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.29 Issue 1, pp.1-29

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001350350

pISSN:

2651-494X

Cinema

censorship

film control

film censorship

film control commission

1936 Instructions on the Control of Cinema Films and Scripts.Sinema

sansür

film denetimi

film sansürü

film denetim komisyonu

1936 Sinema Film ve Senaryolarının Kontrolüne Dair Talimatnâme

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Ayhan Ceylan

Yayıncı: Erzincan Binali Yildirim University

Ana Başlıklar: Basın ve Haberleşme Hukuku

Dergi: Erzincan Binali Yıldırım Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.29 Issue 1, pp.1-29

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001350350

pISSN: 2651-494X

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Ayhan Ceylan

Yayıncı:

Erzincan Binali Yildirim University

Ana Başlıklar:

Basın ve Haberleşme Hukuku

Dergi:

Erzincan Binali Yıldırım Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.29 Issue 1, pp.1-29

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001350350

pISSN:

2651-494X