"Free Spirit, Happy Individual": The Moderating Role of Perceived Freedom in Leisure on the Relationship Between Resilience and Happiness

Cemal Yalçın; Muhittin Altindöker

Makale detayları

"Free Spirit, Happy Individual": The Moderating Role of Perceived Freedom in Leisure on the Relationship Between Resilience and Happiness

Yazarlar:

Cemal Yalçın | Muhittin Altindöker

Yayıncı:

Selcuk University

Ana Başlıklar:

Spor ve Rekreasyon

Dergi:

Türk Spor ve Egzersiz Dergisi Vol.27 Issue 2, pp.190-198

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

8/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001356797

pISSN:

2147-5652

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Introduction: Although it is known that perceived freedom in leisure has various psychological benefits, there are very limited studies that present the relationships between these benefits as a theoretical model and examine them in depth. In this context, the aim of the study is to investigate the moderating role of perceived freedom in leisure on the relationship between resilience and happiness. Method: The study group of the correlational survey model research consisted of 674 university students, 345 female and 329 male, selected by simple convenience sampling method Meanage21,501.86. Perceived Freedom in Leisure Scale PFLS, Brief Resilience Scale BRS and Oxford Happiness Scale - Short Form OHQ-SF were used to collect data in the study. After testing the basic assumptions of parametric tests, Pearson correlation analysis and confirmatory factor analysis with SPSS AMOS 24 for the reliability and validity of the measurements were performed and it was found that the measurement model fit statistics were within acceptable limits χ2  1530.55, df  319, χ2df  4.79; GFI  90, NFI  90; CFI  91 and RMSEA  0.075. In order to test the hypotheses created within the scope of the study, a structural equation model was created and analyses were performed using the SPSS Process Macro extension Model 1. Findings: The moderating role of perceived freedom in leisure on the effect of resilience on happiness level was found to be significant  β  0,13, p  0,01, t  2,25, CI  0,01, 0,25. When the perceived freedom in leisure is high, the effect of resilience on happiness level is higher  β  0,45, p  0,01, t  8,85, CI  0,35, 0,55. Conclusion: A high level of perceived freedom in leisure revealed that the effect of resilience on the level of happiness would be higher. Increasing the level of perceived freedom in leisure in young people has led to the idea that it can make significant contributions to their psychological health.

 Introduction: Although it is known that perceived freedom in leisure has various psychological benefits, there are very limited studies that present the relationships between these benefits as a theoretical model and examine them in depth. In this context, the aim of the study is to investigate the moderating role of perceived freedom in leisure on the relationship between resilience and happiness. Method: The study group of the correlational survey model research consisted of 674 university students, 345 female and 329 male, selected by simple convenience sampling method Meanage21,501.86. Perceived Freedom in Leisure Scale PFLS, Brief Resilience Scale BRS and Oxford Happiness Scale - Short Form OHQ-SF were used to collect data in the study. After testing the basic assumptions of parametric tests, Pearson correlation analysis and confirmatory factor analysis with SPSS AMOS 24 for the reliability and validity of the measurements were performed and it was found that the measurement model fit statistics were within acceptable limits χ2  1530.55, df  319, χ2df  4.79; GFI  90, NFI  90; CFI  91 and RMSEA  0.075. In order to test the hypotheses created within the scope of the study, a structural equation model was created and analyses were performed using the SPSS Process Macro extension Model 1. Findings: The moderating role of perceived freedom in leisure on the effect of resilience on happiness level was found to be significant  β  0,13, p  0,01, t  2,25, CI  0,01, 0,25. When the perceived freedom in leisure is high, the effect of resilience on happiness level is higher  β  0,45, p  0,01, t  8,85, CI  0,35, 0,55. Conclusion: A high level of perceived freedom in leisure revealed that the effect of resilience on the level of happiness would be higher. Increasing the level of perceived freedom in leisure in young people has led to the idea that it can make significant contributions to their psychological health.

 Introduction: Although it is known that perceived freedom in leisure has various psychological benefits, there are very limited studies that present the relationships between these benefits as a theoretical model and examine them in depth. In this context, the aim of the study is to investigate the moderating role of perceived freedom in leisure on the relationship between resilience and happiness. Method: The study group of the correlational survey model research consisted of 674 university students, 345 female and 329 male, selected by simple convenience sampling method Meanage21,501.86. Perceived Freedom in Leisure Scale PFLS, Brief Resilience Scale BRS and Oxford Happiness Scale - Short Form OHQ-SF were used to collect data in the study. After testing the basic assumptions of parametric tests, Pearson correlation analysis and confirmatory factor analysis with SPSS AMOS 24 for the reliability and validity of the measurements were performed and it was found that the measurement model fit statistics were within acceptable limits χ2  1530.55, df  319, χ2df  4.79; GFI  90, NFI  90; CFI  91 and RMSEA  0.075. In order to test the hypotheses created within the scope of the study, a structural equation model was created and analyses were performed using the SPSS Process Macro extension Model 1. Findings: The moderating role of perceived freedom in leisure on the effect of resilience on happiness level was found to be significant  β  0,13, p  0,01, t  2,25, CI  0,01, 0,25. When the perceived freedom in leisure is high, the effect of resilience on happiness level is higher  β  0,45, p  0,01, t  8,85, CI  0,35, 0,55. Conclusion: A high level of perceived freedom in leisure revealed that the effect of resilience on the level of happiness would be higher. Increasing the level of perceived freedom in leisure in young people has led to the idea that it can make significant contributions to their psychological health.

 Giriş: Serbest zamanda algılanan özgürlüğün spesifik psikolojik faydalarının olduğu bilinse de bu faydalar arasındaki ilişkileri kuramsal bir model olarak ortaya koyup derinlemesine inceleyen çalışmaların varlığı oldukça sınırlıdır. Bu bağlamda araştırmanın amacı, psikolojik sağlamlık ve mutluluk arasındaki ilişkide serbest zamanda algılanan özgürlüğün düzenleyici rolünün araştırılmasıdır. Yöntem: İlişkisel tarama modelindeki araştırmanın çalışma grubunu kolayda örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen 345 kadın ve 329 erkek olmak üzere toplam 674 Ortyaş21,501.86 üniversite öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada veri toplamak amacıyla Serbest Zamanda Algılanan Özgürlük Ölçeği SZAÖ, Kısa Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeği KPSÖ ve Oxford Mutluluk Ölçeği  Kısa Formu OMÖ-K kullanılmıştır. Parametrik testlerin temel varsayımlarının test edilmesinden sonra, Pearson korelasyon analizi ve ölçümlerin güvenilirliği ve geçerliliği için SPSS AMOS 24 ile doğrulayıcı faktör analizi yapılmış ve ölçüm modeli uyum istatistiklerinin kabul edilebilir sınırlar içinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir χ2  1530,55, df  319, χ2df  4,79; GFI  90, NFI  90; CFI  91 ve RMSEA  0.075. Çalışma kapsamında oluşturulan hipotezleri test etmek amacıyla yapısal eşitlik modeli oluşturulmuş ve SPSS Process Makro uzantısında Model 1 kullanılarak analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgular: Psikolojik sağlamlığın, mutluluk düzeyi üzerindeki etkisinde serbest zamanda algılanan özgürlüğün düzenleyici rolünün anlamlı olduğu saptanmıştır  β  0,13, p  0,01, t  2,25, CI  0,01, 0,25. Serbest zamanda algılanan özgürlüğün yüksek olması durumunda, psikolojik sağlamlığın mutluluk düzeyine etkisi daha fazla olmaktadır  β  0,45, p  0,01, t  8,85, CI  0,35, 0,55. Sonuç: Serbest zamanda algılanan özgürlüğün yüksek düzeyde olması psikolojik sağlamlığın mutluluk düzeyine etkisinin daha fazla olacağını ortaya koymuştur. Gençlerde serbest zamanda algılanan özgürlük düzeylerini artırmak, psikolojik sağlıklarına önemli katkılar yapabileceği fikrini doğurmuştur.

Makale detayları

"Free Spirit, Happy Individual": The Moderating Role of Perceived Freedom in Leisure on the Relationship Between Resilience and Happiness

Yazarlar:

Cemal Yalçın | Muhittin Altindöker

Yayıncı:

Selcuk University

Ana Başlıklar:

Spor ve Rekreasyon

Dergi:

Türk Spor ve Egzersiz Dergisi Vol.27 Issue 2, pp.190-198

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

8/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001356797

pISSN:

2147-5652

Perceived in Leisure

Resilience

Happiness

Moderating Role

Psychological Health

Sayı

Makale detayları

"Free Spirit, Happy Individual": The Moderating Role of Perceived Freedom in Leisure on the Relationship Between Resilience and Happiness

Yazarlar: Cemal Yalçın | Muhittin Altindöker

Yayıncı: Selcuk University

Ana Başlıklar: Spor ve Rekreasyon

Dergi: Türk Spor ve Egzersiz Dergisi Vol.27 Issue 2, pp.190-198

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 8/2025

Belge Dili: İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.): 2001356797

pISSN: 2147-5652

Perceived in Leisure

Resilience

Happiness

Moderating Role

Psychological Health

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Cemal Yalçın | Muhittin Altindöker

Yayıncı:

Selcuk University

Ana Başlıklar:

Spor ve Rekreasyon

Dergi:

Türk Spor ve Egzersiz Dergisi Vol.27 Issue 2, pp.190-198

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

8/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001356797

pISSN:

2147-5652