Rukn al-Dīn al-Samarqandī’s (d. 701/1301) Work Titled Risālat fī ḥaqīqat al-‘ālam al-kabīr wa al-ṣaghīr: Review and Textual verification (Tahkîk )

Mustafa Vacid Ağaoğlu

Makale detayları

Rukn al-Dīn al-Samarqandī’s (d. 701/1301) Work Titled Risālat fī ḥaqīqat al-‘ālam al-kabīr wa al-ṣaghīr: Review and Textual verification (Tahkîk )

Yazarlar:

Mustafa Vacid Ağaoğlu

Yayıncı:

Sivas Cumhuriyet University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Felsefesi

Dergi:

Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.28 Issue 2, pp.722-745

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001333384

pISSN:

2528-9861

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 This study aims to publish a textual verification on Rukn al-Dīn Ubaydālāh b. Muhammad al-Samarqandīs d. 7011301 Risālat fī ḥaqīqat al-ālam al-kabīr wa al-ṣaghīr The Reality of The Great and Small World with a comprehensive analysis of the authors life and the content of his treatise. It is worthy of note that Rukn al-Dīn al-Samarqandī is acknowledged as a distinguished late scholar of the Māturīdī and Hanafī schools. He made considerable contributions to Islamic civilization through his works in theology, Sufism, Quranic exegesis, principles of jurisprudence usul al-fiqh, Prophet Hadith, and other fields. Al-Samarqandī was among the Sufi theologians, or theologians inclined towards Sufism, as evidenced in his writings. His style represents a synthesis of theological, Sufi, and philosophical traditions, a phenomenon that is understandable when one considers that he lived in a later period after al-Ghazālī d. 5051111 and Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī d. 6061210 when the various disciplines were interrelated, and theology and Sufism were shaped by philosophical developments. A review of Rukn al-Dīn al-Samarqandīs treatise reveals the influence of philosophical thought on his work, in addition to his contributions as a theologian and Sufi. The concept of likening humans to the great world or establishing a connection between humans and the world is an ancient perspective rooted in early philosophies. Later, Islamic philosophy and thought as a whole were shaped by this philosophical perspective, which regarded humans as a microcosm. Rukn al-Dīn al-Samarqandī was one of the Muslim thinkers or scholars who viewed humans as a microcosm or an index of the greater world, as he himself expressed it. It seems evident that the author devoted particular attention to this topic, which led him to compose an independent treatise on it. The treatise was structured into twelve short and concise chapters following the introduction. The author addresses the purpose of creating both the great and the small world, which represents the main objective of the treatise. Furthermore, the subject of the worlds, the four concepts of sensation, reason, heart, and spirit, with the spirit being the highest and best rank, were addressed. The meaning of the Hadith: Indeed, Allah created Adam in His image, the idea that the human spirit is the best of creations, the sciences that a spiritual guide should know, and what should be done if a spiritual guide is lacking were explored. It is evident that these are topics pertaining to Sufism. Additionally, other theological topics were discussed, including the divisions of Gods attributes, and the nature of humans, jinn, and angels, were also addressed. A method of citing Quranic verses, narrating prophetic Hadiths, and quoting scholars sayings within the context of the topic, then presenting the Authors own opinion or statement, was methodologically employed in the treatise. Sufi scholars like Junayd al-Baghdādī d. 297909 and al-Hakīm al-Tirmidhī d. 320932 were frequently referenced, suggesting that Sufi texts and insights of these scholars were the primary sources, at least for this treatise. This study is significant in that it is the inaugural publication and examination of the treatise, which remains in manuscript form in libraries. A total of eight copies were identified and found in Turkish libraries through research. The oldest and most proximate to the authors death was selected as the primary copy, and it was compared with two other copies.

 This study aims to publish a textual verification on Rukn al-Dīn Ubaydālāh b. Muhammad al-Samarqandīs d. 7011301 Risālat fī ḥaqīqat al-ālam al-kabīr wa al-ṣaghīr The Reality of The Great and Small World with a comprehensive analysis of the authors life and the content of his treatise. It is worthy of note that Rukn al-Dīn al-Samarqandī is acknowledged as a distinguished late scholar of the Māturīdī and Hanafī schools. He made considerable contributions to Islamic civilization through his works in theology, Sufism, Quranic exegesis, principles of jurisprudence usul al-fiqh, Prophet Hadith, and other fields. Al-Samarqandī was among the Sufi theologians, or theologians inclined towards Sufism, as evidenced in his writings. His style represents a synthesis of theological, Sufi, and philosophical traditions, a phenomenon that is understandable when one considers that he lived in a later period after al-Ghazālī d. 5051111 and Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī d. 6061210 when the various disciplines were interrelated, and theology and Sufism were shaped by philosophical developments. A review of Rukn al-Dīn al-Samarqandīs treatise reveals the influence of philosophical thought on his work, in addition to his contributions as a theologian and Sufi. The concept of likening humans to the great world or establishing a connection between humans and the world is an ancient perspective rooted in early philosophies. Later, Islamic philosophy and thought as a whole were shaped by this philosophical perspective, which regarded humans as a microcosm. Rukn al-Dīn al-Samarqandī was one of the Muslim thinkers or scholars who viewed humans as a microcosm or an index of the greater world, as he himself expressed it. It seems evident that the author devoted particular attention to this topic, which led him to compose an independent treatise on it. The treatise was structured into twelve short and concise chapters following the introduction. The author addresses the purpose of creating both the great and the small world, which represents the main objective of the treatise. Furthermore, the subject of the worlds, the four concepts of sensation, reason, heart, and spirit, with the spirit being the highest and best rank, were addressed. The meaning of the Hadith: Indeed, Allah created Adam in His image, the idea that the human spirit is the best of creations, the sciences that a spiritual guide should know, and what should be done if a spiritual guide is lacking were explored. It is evident that these are topics pertaining to Sufism. Additionally, other theological topics were discussed, including the divisions of Gods attributes, and the nature of humans, jinn, and angels, were also addressed. A method of citing Quranic verses, narrating prophetic Hadiths, and quoting scholars sayings within the context of the topic, then presenting the Authors own opinion or statement, was methodologically employed in the treatise. Sufi scholars like Junayd al-Baghdādī d. 297909 and al-Hakīm al-Tirmidhī d. 320932 were frequently referenced, suggesting that Sufi texts and insights of these scholars were the primary sources, at least for this treatise. This study is significant in that it is the inaugural publication and examination of the treatise, which remains in manuscript form in libraries. A total of eight copies were identified and found in Turkish libraries through research. The oldest and most proximate to the authors death was selected as the primary copy, and it was compared with two other copies.

 This study aims to publish a textual verification on Rukn al-Dīn Ubaydālāh b. Muhammad al-Samarqandīs d. 7011301 Risālat fī ḥaqīqat al-ālam al-kabīr wa al-ṣaghīr The Reality of The Great and Small World with a comprehensive analysis of the authors life and the content of his treatise. It is worthy of note that Rukn al-Dīn al-Samarqandī is acknowledged as a distinguished late scholar of the Māturīdī and Hanafī schools. He made considerable contributions to Islamic civilization through his works in theology, Sufism, Quranic exegesis, principles of jurisprudence usul al-fiqh, Prophet Hadith, and other fields. Al-Samarqandī was among the Sufi theologians, or theologians inclined towards Sufism, as evidenced in his writings. His style represents a synthesis of theological, Sufi, and philosophical traditions, a phenomenon that is understandable when one considers that he lived in a later period after al-Ghazālī d. 5051111 and Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī d. 6061210 when the various disciplines were interrelated, and theology and Sufism were shaped by philosophical developments. A review of Rukn al-Dīn al-Samarqandīs treatise reveals the influence of philosophical thought on his work, in addition to his contributions as a theologian and Sufi. The concept of likening humans to the great world or establishing a connection between humans and the world is an ancient perspective rooted in early philosophies. Later, Islamic philosophy and thought as a whole were shaped by this philosophical perspective, which regarded humans as a microcosm. Rukn al-Dīn al-Samarqandī was one of the Muslim thinkers or scholars who viewed humans as a microcosm or an index of the greater world, as he himself expressed it. It seems evident that the author devoted particular attention to this topic, which led him to compose an independent treatise on it. The treatise was structured into twelve short and concise chapters following the introduction. The author addresses the purpose of creating both the great and the small world, which represents the main objective of the treatise. Furthermore, the subject of the worlds, the four concepts of sensation, reason, heart, and spirit, with the spirit being the highest and best rank, were addressed. The meaning of the Hadith: Indeed, Allah created Adam in His image, the idea that the human spirit is the best of creations, the sciences that a spiritual guide should know, and what should be done if a spiritual guide is lacking were explored. It is evident that these are topics pertaining to Sufism. Additionally, other theological topics were discussed, including the divisions of Gods attributes, and the nature of humans, jinn, and angels, were also addressed. A method of citing Quranic verses, narrating prophetic Hadiths, and quoting scholars sayings within the context of the topic, then presenting the Authors own opinion or statement, was methodologically employed in the treatise. Sufi scholars like Junayd al-Baghdādī d. 297909 and al-Hakīm al-Tirmidhī d. 320932 were frequently referenced, suggesting that Sufi texts and insights of these scholars were the primary sources, at least for this treatise. This study is significant in that it is the inaugural publication and examination of the treatise, which remains in manuscript form in libraries. A total of eight copies were identified and found in Turkish libraries through research. The oldest and most proximate to the authors death was selected as the primary copy, and it was compared with two other copies.

 Bu çalışma, Rükneddin Ubeydullah b. Muhammed es-Semerkandînin öl. 7011301 Risâle fî ḥaḳîḳatil-âlemil-kebîr ves-ṣağîrBüyük ve Küçük Âlemin Hakikati Hakkında Bir Risâle adlı eserini tahkîk etmeyi, müellifin hayatı ve eserin içeriğini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Rükneddin es-Semerkandînin müteahhirgeç dönem Mâtürîdî ve Hanefî âlimlerinden biri olduğu; kelâm, tasavvuf, tefsir, fıkıh usulü, hadis ve diğer alanlardaki eserleriyle İslâm medeniyeti tarihinde belirgin izler bıraktığı belirtilmelidir. Semerkandînin eserlerinde de görüldüğü gibi o, sûfî kelâmcılardan veya kelâmcı sûfîlerinden biridir. Üslubu, kelâm, tasavvuf ve - zaman zaman geniş anlamıyla - felsefe ile karışık olan bir sentezdir. Bu da şaşırtıcı bir şey değildir. Zira Semerkandî, ilimlerin iç içe geçtiği ve kelâm ile tasavvufun felsefe boyasıyla boyandığı Gazâlî öl. 5051111 ve Fahreddin er-Râzî öl. 6061210 sonrası bir dönemde yaşamıştır. Elimizdeki risâlesi aracılığıyla, Rükneddin es-Semerkandînin kelâmcı ve mutasavvıf olmasının yanı sıra felsefeden de etkilendiğini görüyoruz. Zira insan ile büyük âlem arasındaki benzetme veya insan ve âlem arasında bir bağ kurma meselesi, kökleri eski felsefelere dayanan eski bir bakış açısıdır; daha sonra İslâm felsefesi ve İslâm düşüncesi bütünüyle bu felsefî perspektiften etkilenmiş ve insanı küçük bir âlem olarak görmüşlerdir. Rükneddin es-Semerkandî, insanı küçük bir âlem olarak veya kendi ifadesiyle büyük âlemin fihristi olarak gören Müslüman düşünürler veya âlimlerden biridir. Görünüşe göre, müellif bu konuya özel bir ilgi göstermiş ve bu nedenle bu konuda müstakil bir risâle yazmıştır. Söz konusu risâlesini, girişten sonra on iki kısa ve öz bölüm halinde kaleme almıştır. Müellif eserinde, büyük âlem ve küçük âlemin yaratılma amacına - ki bu risâlesini yazma hedefidir - değinmiştir. Ayrıca âlemlerin kısımları, dört kavram duyu, akıl, kalp ve ruh ve ruhun en yüce ve en erdemli olduğu, Allah, Âdemi kendi suretinde yarattı hadisinin anlamı, insan ruhunun en üstünerdemli varlık olduğu, bir mürebbî şeyhineğiten hocanın bilmesi gereken ilimler, eğiten hocası olmayan birinin ne yapması gerektiği gibi tasavvufî konuları ele almış; Allahın sıfatlarının kısımları, insan, cin ve melek gibi diğer kelamî konuları da işlemiştir. Müellif, risâlesinde konu bağlamında ayetleri ve hadisleri aktarma ve âlimlerin sözlerini nakletme yöntemini izleyerek kendi görüş veya ifadesini belirtmektedir. Müellif genellikle Cüneyd-i Bağdâdî öl. 297909 ve Hakîm et-Tirmizî öl. 320932 gibi sûfî âlimlerden alıntı yapar, bu da ilmî kaynaklarının - en azından ilgili risâlesi bağlamında - sûfî eserler ve âlimler olduğunu yansıtır. Bu çalışmanın önemi, söz konusu risâlenin ilk kez tahkîk ve incelenmesi yapılıp, risâlenin hâlâ kütüphanelerde el yazması olarak bulunmasında yatmaktadır. Araştırmamız neticesinde, Türkiye kütüphanelerinde bulunan toplam sekiz nüsha tespit edilmiştir. Şöyle ki, Bursa İnebey Yazma Eser Kütüphanesi, Ulucami 16742, vr. 17-25; Bursa İnebey Yazma Eser Kütüphanesi, Ulucami 169515, vr. 226-231; Süleymaniye Yazma Eser Kütüphanesi, Hekimoğlu Ali Paşa 93316, vr. 108-111; Süleymaniye Yazma Eser Kütüphanesi, Esad Efendi 169514, vr. 84-86; Süleymaniye Yazma Eser Kütüphanesi, Hacı Beşir Ağa 3876, vr. 121-131; Süleymaniye Yazma Eser Kütüphanesi, Laleli 1684, vr. 87-92; Süleymaniye Yazma Eser Kütüphanesi, Muğlalı Hoca Mustafa Efendi 1096, vr. 30-33 ve Süleymaniye Yazma Eser Kütüphanesi, Sütlüce Dergahı 117-4, vr. 94-99. Tarihsel olarak en eski ve müellifin ölüm tarihine en yakın olanı Bursa Ulucami 16742 ana nüsha olarak tayin edildi; ayrıca iki nüsha ana nüshayla karşılaştırılarakmukayese edilerek incelenmiştir.

Makale detayları

Rukn al-Dīn al-Samarqandī’s (d. 701/1301) Work Titled Risālat fī ḥaqīqat al-‘ālam al-kabīr wa al-ṣaghīr: Review and Textual verification (Tahkîk )

Yazarlar:

Mustafa Vacid Ağaoğlu

Yayıncı:

Sivas Cumhuriyet University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Felsefesi

Dergi:

Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.28 Issue 2, pp.722-745

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001333384

pISSN:

2528-9861

Islamic Philosophy

Rukn al-Dīn Ubaydālāh al-Samarqandī

Risālat fī ḥaqīqat al-‘ālam al-kabīr wa al-ṣaghīr

Cosmos

Human

Review and Textual verification (Tahkîk )İslâm Felsefesi

Rükneddin Ubeydullah es-Semerkandî

Risâle fî ḥaḳîḳati’l-‘âlemi’l-kebîr ve’s-ṣağîr

İnceleme ve Tahkîk

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Mustafa Vacid Ağaoğlu

Yayıncı: Sivas Cumhuriyet University

Ana Başlıklar: İslam Felsefesi

Dergi: Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.28 Issue 2, pp.722-745

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 12/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001333384

pISSN: 2528-9861

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Mustafa Vacid Ağaoğlu

Yayıncı:

Sivas Cumhuriyet University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Felsefesi

Dergi:

Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.28 Issue 2, pp.722-745

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001333384

pISSN:

2528-9861