Neoliberal Housing Policies in Turkey: The Case of Gaziantep

Hasan Gürbüz; Bayram Koca; Duygu Altınoluk

Makale detayları

Neoliberal Housing Policies in Turkey: The Case of Gaziantep

Yazarlar:

Hasan Gürbüz | Bayram Koca | Duygu Altınoluk

Yayıncı:

Ahmet FİDAN

Ana Başlıklar:

Kentsel Politika

Dergi:

Kent Akademisi Vol.16 Issue 1, pp.122-137

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001283810

pISSN:

2146-9229

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Except for specific cases, there has not been a planned and programmed housing policy in Turkey. After the 1960s, with the increase in the population of the cities, the slums built by the poor began to appear, and in time they began to spread from the city centers to the periphery. Housing production started to be a part of this process as the construction sector, which started with the neoliberal era, began to be seen as a means of accumulation. Especially in the last 20 years, the construction sector especially housing has become the sector that receives the most investment, surpassing other sectors. For this reason, slum constructions began to be prevented and housing acquisition began to be encouraged with various financial instruments. On the one hand, the central government accelerated the housing production throughout the country by giving special powers to the Housing Development Administration TOKİ, and on the other hand, it aimed to revive the construction sector in the cities by expanding the authorities of the local governments. Housing production has an important place in the construction sector. However, at the point reached in housing production, prices have increased speculatively, in the selection of zoning plans and lands opened for development, profit has begun to be prioritized over public interest, and housing production has begun to be seen as an investment element rather than a need. In this study, after the development of the housing sector in Turkey, the current housing policies will be discussed through the case of Gaziantep.

 Except for specific cases, there has not been a planned and programmed housing policy in Turkey. After the 1960s, with the increase in the population of the cities, the slums built by the poor began to appear, and in time they began to spread from the city centers to the periphery. Housing production started to be a part of this process as the construction sector, which started with the neoliberal era, began to be seen as a means of accumulation. Especially in the last 20 years, the construction sector especially housing has become the sector that receives the most investment, surpassing other sectors. For this reason, slum constructions began to be prevented and housing acquisition began to be encouraged with various financial instruments. On the one hand, the central government accelerated the housing production throughout the country by giving special powers to the Housing Development Administration TOKİ, and on the other hand, it aimed to revive the construction sector in the cities by expanding the authorities of the local governments. Housing production has an important place in the construction sector. However, at the point reached in housing production, prices have increased speculatively, in the selection of zoning plans and lands opened for development, profit has begun to be prioritized over public interest, and housing production has begun to be seen as an investment element rather than a need. In this study, after the development of the housing sector in Turkey, the current housing policies will be discussed through the case of Gaziantep.

 Except for specific cases, there has not been a planned and programmed housing policy in Turkey. After the 1960s, with the increase in the population of the cities, the slums built by the poor began to appear, and in time they began to spread from the city centers to the periphery. Housing production started to be a part of this process as the construction sector, which started with the neoliberal era, began to be seen as a means of accumulation. Especially in the last 20 years, the construction sector especially housing has become the sector that receives the most investment, surpassing other sectors. For this reason, slum constructions began to be prevented and housing acquisition began to be encouraged with various financial instruments. On the one hand, the central government accelerated the housing production throughout the country by giving special powers to the Housing Development Administration TOKİ, and on the other hand, it aimed to revive the construction sector in the cities by expanding the authorities of the local governments. Housing production has an important place in the construction sector. However, at the point reached in housing production, prices have increased speculatively, in the selection of zoning plans and lands opened for development, profit has begun to be prioritized over public interest, and housing production has begun to be seen as an investment element rather than a need. In this study, after the development of the housing sector in Turkey, the current housing policies will be discussed through the case of Gaziantep.

 Türkiyede belirli dönemlerin dışında belli bir programa bağlı planlı bir konut politikası uygulanmamıştır. Kentlerin büyümeye başlaması ile konut üretimi sorunu fark edilmiştir. 1960lardan sonra kentlerin nüfusunun artması ile yoksul kesimlerin yaptığı gecekondular belirmeye ve zamanla kent merkezlerinden çepere serpilmeye başlamıştır. Ancak kısa erimli sübvansiyon desteklerinin ötesinde sistemli bir devlet politikası yürütülmemiştir. Neoliberal dönemin etkin olmasıyla gelişen inşaat sektörünün birikim aracı olarak görülmesiyle konut üretimi de bu sürecin bir parçası olmaya başlamıştır. Özellikle son 20 yıldır inşaat sektörü özellikle konut diğer sektörlerin önüne geçerek en çok yatırım alan sektör olmuştur. Bu sebeple gecekondu inşaatları engellenme yoluna gidilerek konut edinimi çeşitli finansal araçlarla teşvik edilmeye başlanmıştır. Merkezi yönetim bir taraftan TOKİye özel yetkiler vererek ülke genelinde konut üretimine hız vermiş, diğer yandan yerel yönetimlerin yetkilerini genişleterek kentlerde inşaat sektörünü canlandırmayı hedeflemiştir. Konut üretimi, inşaat sektörü içerisinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Ancak konut üretiminde gelinen noktada fiyatlar spekülatif bir biçimde artmış, imar planları ve imara açılan arazilerin seçiminde kamu yararından çok kâr amacı öncelenmiş ve konut ihtiyaçtan çok yatırım unsuru olarak görülmeye başlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiyede konut sektörünün gelişimi günümüze kadar uzanan süreçte kısaca değerlendirildikten sonra, mevcut konut politikaları Gaziantep örneği üzerinden tartışılacaktır.

Makale detayları

Neoliberal Housing Policies in Turkey: The Case of Gaziantep

Yazarlar:

Hasan Gürbüz | Bayram Koca | Duygu Altınoluk

Yayıncı:

Ahmet FİDAN

Ana Başlıklar:

Kentsel Politika

Dergi:

Kent Akademisi Vol.16 Issue 1, pp.122-137

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001283810

pISSN:

2146-9229

Housing Policy

Neoliberalism

, Gaziantep, Urbanization, TOKİ

Konut Politikası

Neoliberalizm

Gaziantep

Kentleşme

TOKİ

Housing Policy

Neoliberalism

Urbanization

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Hasan Gürbüz | Bayram Koca | Duygu Altınoluk

Yayıncı: Ahmet FİDAN

Ana Başlıklar: Kentsel Politika

Dergi: Kent Akademisi Vol.16 Issue 1, pp.122-137

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 3/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001283810

pISSN: 2146-9229

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Hasan Gürbüz | Bayram Koca | Duygu Altınoluk

Yayıncı:

Ahmet FİDAN

Ana Başlıklar:

Kentsel Politika

Dergi:

Kent Akademisi Vol.16 Issue 1, pp.122-137

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001283810

pISSN:

2146-9229