Comparative Country Studies in the Context of the Ombudsman Institution: The Case of Bahrain, Bangladesh, Hungary and Jordan

Kadir Caner Doğan

Makale detayları

Comparative Country Studies in the Context of the Ombudsman Institution: The Case of Bahrain, Bangladesh, Hungary and Jordan

Yazarlar:

Kadir Caner Doğan

Yayıncı:

Mustafa Süleyman ÖZCAN

Ana Başlıklar:

Kamu Yönetimi

Dergi:

İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.14 Issue 3, pp.1402-1431

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001358042

pISSN:

2147-1185

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The Ombudsman is a public complaint institution that receives and resolves applications from the public regarding public administration problems in a state. The Ombudsman first emerged in Sweden in the 18th century. Its main features include strengthening democracy, the rule of law and human rights. Today, it is practiced in almost all states around the world. Ombudsman is practiced at various levels in different continents and states of the world according to the culture and quality of democracy. In an era when liberal democracy is dominant in the global arena, the ombudsman is integrated with these values. One of the biggest symbols of democracy and political liberalism is the ombudsman. As a rights-seeking institution, the ombudsman is one of the mechanisms that also establishes justice in the state. In this study, the ombudsman organizations of Bahrain, Bangladesh, Hungary and Jordan from the European and Asian continents are examined. The reason for choosing these states is to draw some conclusions about the applicability of the ombudsman in regions and societies that have been far from or prevented from democracy for many centuries. In this way, the ombudsman experience in states with different geographical regions and diverse cultures was analyzed. The method of the study is literature review in the context of qualitative analysis. According to the results of the study, among the four state ombudsmen, Hungary, Bangladesh, Bahrain and Jordan can be ranked in terms of effectiveness and performance in the context of the development environment. Hungary, as a state at the heart of European democracy, has stronger traditions of justice and equity. Bangladesh has an advantage over the other two states in terms of autonomy due to the absence of a centralized kingdom in the Indian geography for many years. Bahrain and Jordan, as Middle Eastern Arab states, have been under British control and rule for many years. Jordan is larger in area and population and has more ethnic groups. Therefore, it may be easier to establish justice in Bahrain.

 The Ombudsman is a public complaint institution that receives and resolves applications from the public regarding public administration problems in a state. The Ombudsman first emerged in Sweden in the 18th century. Its main features include strengthening democracy, the rule of law and human rights. Today, it is practiced in almost all states around the world. Ombudsman is practiced at various levels in different continents and states of the world according to the culture and quality of democracy. In an era when liberal democracy is dominant in the global arena, the ombudsman is integrated with these values. One of the biggest symbols of democracy and political liberalism is the ombudsman. As a rights-seeking institution, the ombudsman is one of the mechanisms that also establishes justice in the state. In this study, the ombudsman organizations of Bahrain, Bangladesh, Hungary and Jordan from the European and Asian continents are examined. The reason for choosing these states is to draw some conclusions about the applicability of the ombudsman in regions and societies that have been far from or prevented from democracy for many centuries. In this way, the ombudsman experience in states with different geographical regions and diverse cultures was analyzed. The method of the study is literature review in the context of qualitative analysis. According to the results of the study, among the four state ombudsmen, Hungary, Bangladesh, Bahrain and Jordan can be ranked in terms of effectiveness and performance in the context of the development environment. Hungary, as a state at the heart of European democracy, has stronger traditions of justice and equity. Bangladesh has an advantage over the other two states in terms of autonomy due to the absence of a centralized kingdom in the Indian geography for many years. Bahrain and Jordan, as Middle Eastern Arab states, have been under British control and rule for many years. Jordan is larger in area and population and has more ethnic groups. Therefore, it may be easier to establish justice in Bahrain.

 The Ombudsman is a public complaint institution that receives and resolves applications from the public regarding public administration problems in a state. The Ombudsman first emerged in Sweden in the 18th century. Its main features include strengthening democracy, the rule of law and human rights. Today, it is practiced in almost all states around the world. Ombudsman is practiced at various levels in different continents and states of the world according to the culture and quality of democracy. In an era when liberal democracy is dominant in the global arena, the ombudsman is integrated with these values. One of the biggest symbols of democracy and political liberalism is the ombudsman. As a rights-seeking institution, the ombudsman is one of the mechanisms that also establishes justice in the state. In this study, the ombudsman organizations of Bahrain, Bangladesh, Hungary and Jordan from the European and Asian continents are examined. The reason for choosing these states is to draw some conclusions about the applicability of the ombudsman in regions and societies that have been far from or prevented from democracy for many centuries. In this way, the ombudsman experience in states with different geographical regions and diverse cultures was analyzed. The method of the study is literature review in the context of qualitative analysis. According to the results of the study, among the four state ombudsmen, Hungary, Bangladesh, Bahrain and Jordan can be ranked in terms of effectiveness and performance in the context of the development environment. Hungary, as a state at the heart of European democracy, has stronger traditions of justice and equity. Bangladesh has an advantage over the other two states in terms of autonomy due to the absence of a centralized kingdom in the Indian geography for many years. Bahrain and Jordan, as Middle Eastern Arab states, have been under British control and rule for many years. Jordan is larger in area and population and has more ethnic groups. Therefore, it may be easier to establish justice in Bahrain.

 Ombudsman, kamusal şikayet kurumu olarak bir devlette halktan kamu yönetimi sorunlarına dair başvuru alan ve çözen yapıdır. Ombudsman, dünyada ilk defa 18. Yüzyılda İsveçte ortaya çıkmıştır. Temel özellikleri arasında; demokrasiyi, hukukun üstünlüğünü ve insan haklarını güçlendirmesi bulunmaktadır. Günümüzde neredeyse dünyadaki tüm devletlerde uygulanmaktadır. Ombudsman dünyanın farklı kıtalarında ve devletlerinde demokrasi kültürü ve kalitesine göre çeşitli düzeylerde icra edilmektedir. Liberal demokrasinin küresel arenada baskın olduğu bir çağda ombudsman da bu değerlerle bütünleşmektedir. Demokrasinin ve siyasal liberalizmin en büyük sembollerinden biri de ombudsman olarak görülmektedir. Hak arama kurumu olarak ombudsman, bulunduğu devlette adaleti de tesis eden mekanizmalardan biridir. Bu çalışmada, Avrupa ve Asya kıtalarından Bahreyn, Bangladeş, Macaristan ve Ürdün devletlerinin ombudsman teşkilatları incelenmiştir. Bu devletlerin seçilmesinin nedeni ise uzun yüzyıllar boyunca demokrasi tecrübesinden uzak ya da engellenmiş bölgelerde ve toplumlarda ombudsmanın uygulanabilirliğine dair bazı çıkarımlarda bulunmaktır. Bu şekilde değişik coğrafi bölge ve çeşitli kültürlere sahip devletlerde ombudsman tecrübesi analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın yöntemi nitel analiz bağlamında literatür taramadır. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre dört devlet ombudsmanı arasında Macaristan, Bangladeş, Bahreyn ve Ürdün, kalkınma ortamı bağlamında etkinlik ve performans açısından sıralanabilir. Macaristan, Avrupa demokrasisinin kalbinde yer alan bir devlet olarak daha güçlü adalet ve hakkaniyet geleneklerine sahiptir. Bangladeş, Hindistan coğrafyasında uzun yıllardır merkezi bir krallığın bulunmaması nedeniyle özerklik açısından diğer iki devlete göre daha avantajlıdır. Bahreyn ve Ürdün, Orta Doğu Arap devletleri olarak uzun yıllar İngiliz kontrolü ve yönetimi altında kalmışlardır. Ürdün yüzölçümü ve nüfus bakımından daha büyüktür ve daha fazla etnik gruba sahiptir. Bu nedenle Bahreynde adaleti tesis etmek daha kolay olabilir.

Makale detayları

Comparative Country Studies in the Context of the Ombudsman Institution: The Case of Bahrain, Bangladesh, Hungary and Jordan

Yazarlar:

Kadir Caner Doğan

Yayıncı:

Mustafa Süleyman ÖZCAN

Ana Başlıklar:

Kamu Yönetimi

Dergi:

İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.14 Issue 3, pp.1402-1431

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001358042

pISSN:

2147-1185

Bahrain

Bangladesh

Hungary

Jordan

Ombudsman

Country ReviewsBahreyn

Bangladeş

Macaristan

Ürdün

Ombudsman

Ülke İncelemeleri

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Kadir Caner Doğan

Yayıncı: Mustafa Süleyman ÖZCAN

Ana Başlıklar: Kamu Yönetimi

Dergi: İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.14 Issue 3, pp.1402-1431

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 9/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001358042

pISSN: 2147-1185

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Kadir Caner Doğan

Yayıncı:

Mustafa Süleyman ÖZCAN

Ana Başlıklar:

Kamu Yönetimi

Dergi:

İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.14 Issue 3, pp.1402-1431

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001358042

pISSN:

2147-1185