REVELATION IN HINDUISM: A Comparative Evaluation with Islamic Revelation in the Context of its Origin and Relationship with God

Fatih Güngör

Makale detayları

REVELATION IN HINDUISM: A Comparative Evaluation with Islamic Revelation in the Context of its Origin and Relationship with God

Yazarlar:

Fatih Güngör

Yayıncı:

Sivas Cumhuriyet University

Ana Başlıklar:

Kelam

Dergi:

Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.28 Issue 2, pp.935-955

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001333378

pISSN:

2528-9861

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 In general terms, the concept of revelation wahy, which can also be expressed as the communication of the authority of Godhead with mankind, has been interpreted in different ways in various religions, cultures and even by different thinkers. This divergence of opinion will have a profound impact on our intellectual landscape. The meanings attributed to certain concepts have the capacity to direct our perceptions and shape our understanding in significant ways. Revelation represents a significant concept, particularly in the context of understanding religious beliefs and practices within their own cultural and historical contexts. This article will examine the concept of revelation in Hinduism, with a particular focus on the meanings attributed to the Vedas, the Hindu sacred texts, and the Quranic revelation, with reference to its terminological or conventional meanings. The existing literature on the subject tends to focus on the expression of revelation wahy in Hinduism, with little attention paid to a detailed comparison of the essence of this concept in the context of its use in Islamic religion, which is its terminological or conventional ıstılāhī origin. Without emphasising its metaphorical meaning, it is observed that the expression Gods revelation used for the Vedas, the Hindu sacred texts, causes various perception problems in understanding the truth of this religion and making sense of its sacred things. This study, aimed at addressing stated deficiency and contributing to resolving perception issues, initially underscores the importance of the meanings ascribed to concepts in human attempts to understand and briefly highlights the importance of knowing the terminological meanings of concepts used within a particular discipline for an accurate comprehension of that discipline. Then, a brief semantic analysis of the concept of wahy and the related terms such as kashf, ilhām, shruti, and revelation is provided, which lays the groundwork for identifying the most suitable concept to use when addressing the topic of revelation in Hinduism. By drawing attention to the qualities such as the fact that the wahy, has the property of inzāl and tenzīl, has Arabic and talkable kalāmī quality, has limited to a chosen messenger and that this has a matter under the control of the sender not the receiver of the revelation, the main framework of the essence māhiyah dimension of this concept has been tried to be drawn. Subsequently, the origin and divine connection of the Vedas in Hindu thought have been described, and the semantic contour line implications of the concept of revelation in Hinduism have been elucidated. Accordingly, it has been determined that there is no consensus among Hindus regarding the origin or divine connection of the Hindu sacred texts, the Vedas; these texts are believed to have been obtained by the rishis, or wise seers, through personal ascetic practices, kashf unveiling, and mushāhadah witnessing; therefore, this process is not an external event but rather an internal, spiritual occurrence that can only be achieved through pure nature, virtuous actions, and significant effort. In this context, it has been emphasized that revelation can only occur within theistic religions that maintain a distinction between God and the world, on the other hand, in Hinduism, which is characterized by a pantheistic conception of God that implies a unity between God and the world, the use of concepts such as keşf intuition and ilhām inspiration is more appropriate than the concept of wahy revelation.

 In general terms, the concept of revelation wahy, which can also be expressed as the communication of the authority of Godhead with mankind, has been interpreted in different ways in various religions, cultures and even by different thinkers. This divergence of opinion will have a profound impact on our intellectual landscape. The meanings attributed to certain concepts have the capacity to direct our perceptions and shape our understanding in significant ways. Revelation represents a significant concept, particularly in the context of understanding religious beliefs and practices within their own cultural and historical contexts. This article will examine the concept of revelation in Hinduism, with a particular focus on the meanings attributed to the Vedas, the Hindu sacred texts, and the Quranic revelation, with reference to its terminological or conventional meanings. The existing literature on the subject tends to focus on the expression of revelation wahy in Hinduism, with little attention paid to a detailed comparison of the essence of this concept in the context of its use in Islamic religion, which is its terminological or conventional ıstılāhī origin. Without emphasising its metaphorical meaning, it is observed that the expression Gods revelation used for the Vedas, the Hindu sacred texts, causes various perception problems in understanding the truth of this religion and making sense of its sacred things. This study, aimed at addressing stated deficiency and contributing to resolving perception issues, initially underscores the importance of the meanings ascribed to concepts in human attempts to understand and briefly highlights the importance of knowing the terminological meanings of concepts used within a particular discipline for an accurate comprehension of that discipline. Then, a brief semantic analysis of the concept of wahy and the related terms such as kashf, ilhām, shruti, and revelation is provided, which lays the groundwork for identifying the most suitable concept to use when addressing the topic of revelation in Hinduism. By drawing attention to the qualities such as the fact that the wahy, has the property of inzāl and tenzīl, has Arabic and talkable kalāmī quality, has limited to a chosen messenger and that this has a matter under the control of the sender not the receiver of the revelation, the main framework of the essence māhiyah dimension of this concept has been tried to be drawn. Subsequently, the origin and divine connection of the Vedas in Hindu thought have been described, and the semantic contour line implications of the concept of revelation in Hinduism have been elucidated. Accordingly, it has been determined that there is no consensus among Hindus regarding the origin or divine connection of the Hindu sacred texts, the Vedas; these texts are believed to have been obtained by the rishis, or wise seers, through personal ascetic practices, kashf unveiling, and mushāhadah witnessing; therefore, this process is not an external event but rather an internal, spiritual occurrence that can only be achieved through pure nature, virtuous actions, and significant effort. In this context, it has been emphasized that revelation can only occur within theistic religions that maintain a distinction between God and the world, on the other hand, in Hinduism, which is characterized by a pantheistic conception of God that implies a unity between God and the world, the use of concepts such as keşf intuition and ilhām inspiration is more appropriate than the concept of wahy revelation.

 In general terms, the concept of revelation wahy, which can also be expressed as the communication of the authority of Godhead with mankind, has been interpreted in different ways in various religions, cultures and even by different thinkers. This divergence of opinion will have a profound impact on our intellectual landscape. The meanings attributed to certain concepts have the capacity to direct our perceptions and shape our understanding in significant ways. Revelation represents a significant concept, particularly in the context of understanding religious beliefs and practices within their own cultural and historical contexts. This article will examine the concept of revelation in Hinduism, with a particular focus on the meanings attributed to the Vedas, the Hindu sacred texts, and the Quranic revelation, with reference to its terminological or conventional meanings. The existing literature on the subject tends to focus on the expression of revelation wahy in Hinduism, with little attention paid to a detailed comparison of the essence of this concept in the context of its use in Islamic religion, which is its terminological or conventional ıstılāhī origin. Without emphasising its metaphorical meaning, it is observed that the expression Gods revelation used for the Vedas, the Hindu sacred texts, causes various perception problems in understanding the truth of this religion and making sense of its sacred things. This study, aimed at addressing stated deficiency and contributing to resolving perception issues, initially underscores the importance of the meanings ascribed to concepts in human attempts to understand and briefly highlights the importance of knowing the terminological meanings of concepts used within a particular discipline for an accurate comprehension of that discipline. Then, a brief semantic analysis of the concept of wahy and the related terms such as kashf, ilhām, shruti, and revelation is provided, which lays the groundwork for identifying the most suitable concept to use when addressing the topic of revelation in Hinduism. By drawing attention to the qualities such as the fact that the wahy, has the property of inzāl and tenzīl, has Arabic and talkable kalāmī quality, has limited to a chosen messenger and that this has a matter under the control of the sender not the receiver of the revelation, the main framework of the essence māhiyah dimension of this concept has been tried to be drawn. Subsequently, the origin and divine connection of the Vedas in Hindu thought have been described, and the semantic contour line implications of the concept of revelation in Hinduism have been elucidated. Accordingly, it has been determined that there is no consensus among Hindus regarding the origin or divine connection of the Hindu sacred texts, the Vedas; these texts are believed to have been obtained by the rishis, or wise seers, through personal ascetic practices, kashf unveiling, and mushāhadah witnessing; therefore, this process is not an external event but rather an internal, spiritual occurrence that can only be achieved through pure nature, virtuous actions, and significant effort. In this context, it has been emphasized that revelation can only occur within theistic religions that maintain a distinction between God and the world, on the other hand, in Hinduism, which is characterized by a pantheistic conception of God that implies a unity between God and the world, the use of concepts such as keşf intuition and ilhām inspiration is more appropriate than the concept of wahy revelation.

 Genel anlamıyla, ilâhîlik makamının insanoğluyla iletişimi olarak da ifade edilebilecek olan vahiy kavramının değişik din, kültür ve hatta düşünürlerdeki yankısı farklı olmuştur. Bu farklılık, entelektüel dünyaya sıradanlığın ötesinde izler bırakacak türdendir. Zira bazı kavramlar vardır ki, onlara yüklenen manalar algıları yönlendirir ve anlamayı büsbütün şekillendirir. Vahiy de bunlardan birisi olup özellikle dinlerin, kendi hakikatleri çerçevesinde doğru algılanabilmelerinde anahtar bir kavramdır. Bu makalede, kaynağı yönüyle Hindu kutsal metinleri Vedalara yüklenen anlamlardan hareketle Hinduizmdeki vahiy algısı ve ıstılahî anlamından hareketle Kurân vahyi konu edilecektir. Mevcut literatürde daha çok Hinduizmde vahy diye ifade edilen şeyin nasıllığı üzerinde durulmakta ama bu kavramın ıstılâhî menşei olan İslam dinindeki kullanımı açısından ayrıntılı bir mahiyet karşılaştırmasına rastlanmamaktadır. Mecazî anlamına vurgu yapılmadan Hindu kutsal metinleri Vedalar için kullanılan Tanrının vahyi ifadesinin ise bu dinin hakikatini anlamadakutsallarını anlamlandırmada çeşitli algı sorunlarına sebebiyet verdiği müşahede edilmektedir. Söz konusu eksikliği giderme ve yaşanan algılama sorunlarının çözümüne katkı amacı taşıyan bu çalışmada, öncelikle insanın anlama çabasında kavramlara yüklenen anlamların önemine vurgu yapılmış ve bir disiplini doğru algılamada ilgili disiplinde kullanılan kavramların terimıstılâhî anlamlarını bilmenin ehemmiyetine kısaca değinilmiştir. Ardından vahiy kavramının ve konuyla alakalı keşf, ilhâm, şruti ve revelation kavramlarının kısa semantik tahliline yer verilmiş, böylece daha sonra Hinduizmde vahiy konusu işlenirken aslında hangi kavramın tercih edilmesinin daha yerinde olacağının alt yapısı hazırlanmıştır. Vahyin; inzâl ve tenzîl özelliğine sahip olması, Arapça ve kelamî nitelikte okunan bir şey olması, seçilmiş bir elçi ile mukayyet kılınıp bunun vahyi alanın değil gönderenin kendi iradî tasarrufunda bir konu olması gibi niteliklerine dikkat çekilerek bu kavramın mahiyet boyutunun ana çerçevesi çizilmeye çalışılmıştır. Daha sonra Hint düşüncesinde Vedaların kaynağı ve tanrı ile ilintisi üzerinde durularak Hinduizmde vahiy anlayışının anlamsal iz düşümü çıkarılmıştır. Böylece, Hindu kutsal metinleri Vedaların kaynağı veya tanrı ile ilintisi konusunda Hindular arasında bir fikir birliğinin olmadığı; bunların rişi adı verilen bilge kişiler tarafından kişisel riyâzet neticesinde keşf ve müşâhede yoluyla elde edildiği; dolayısıyla bu durumun haricî bir olay olmayıp ancak saf tabiat, güzel amel ve çok gayretle elde edilebilen batınîiçsel bir olay olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu bağlamda, vahyin ancak tanrı-âlem ayrışmasını esas alan teist tanrı tasavvuruna sahip dinlerde söz konusu olabileceği, dolayısıyla tanrı-âlem bütünleşmesini ifade eden panteist tanrı tasavvuruna sahip Hinduizmde vahiy yerine keşf ve ilhâm kavramlarının kullanımının daha yerinde olacağına dikkat çekilmiştir.

Makale detayları

REVELATION IN HINDUISM: A Comparative Evaluation with Islamic Revelation in the Context of its Origin and Relationship with God

Yazarlar:

Fatih Güngör

Yayıncı:

Sivas Cumhuriyet University

Ana Başlıklar:

Kelam

Dergi:

Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.28 Issue 2, pp.935-955

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001333378

pISSN:

2528-9861

Kalam

Revelation (Wahy)

Revelation in Hinduism

Revelation in Islam

Origin of VedasKelam

Vahiy

Hinduizm’de Vahiy

İslam’da Vahiy

Vedaların Kaynağı.

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Fatih Güngör

Yayıncı: Sivas Cumhuriyet University

Ana Başlıklar: Kelam

Dergi: Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.28 Issue 2, pp.935-955

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 12/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001333378

pISSN: 2528-9861

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Fatih Güngör

Yayıncı:

Sivas Cumhuriyet University

Ana Başlıklar:

Kelam

Dergi:

Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.28 Issue 2, pp.935-955

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001333378

pISSN:

2528-9861