Analysis of Ibn Kathīr’s Content Criticism of Some of the Sahîhayn Ḥadīths in the Sīra section of Al-Bidāya wan Nihāya

Mehmet Ali Çalgan

Makale detayları

Analysis of Ibn Kathīr’s Content Criticism of Some of the Sahîhayn Ḥadīths in the Sīra section of Al-Bidāya wan Nihāya

Yazarlar:

Mehmet Ali Çalgan

Yayıncı:

Sivas Cumhuriyet University

Ana Başlıklar:

Hadis

Dergi:

Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.28 Issue 1, pp.303-324

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001319250

pISSN:

2528-9861

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The purpose of this study is the examination and analysis of Ibn Kathīrs d. 7741373 criticism of Sahihayn ḥadīths with respect to their content in the Sīra section of his history work called Al-Bidāya wan Nihāya. The subject of the study is Ibn Kathīrs criticism of twenty Sahihayn ḥadīths using the criteria of conformitycontradiction with the Qurʾān, authentic ḥadīths, reasoning, historical facts and idjmāʿ and his argument that the problems that he could not explain in fourteen ḥadīths were mistakes. The information that Ibn Kathīr provides about the rāwīs interventions which make the examined ḥadīths susceptible to content criticism, is also valuable. Seven of the ḥadīths that are in the scope of this study are in both Sahih al-Bukhārī and Sahih Muslim, six are only in Sahih al-Bukhārī and seven are only in Sahih Muslim. The ḥadīths in both Sahih al-Bukhārī and Sahih Muslim include those ḥadīths on the following subjects: the prohibition of the nikah mutah in Khaybar, the intention of the Prophet pbuh for ʿumra and ḥadjdj, the Prophet throwing away the silver ring, the news of the change of ḳibla reaching Qubāʾ the next morning, the time of the ban on speaking during prayer and the piercing of the wall of Yādjūdj wa-mādjūdj. The ḥadīths mentioned only in Sahih al-Bukhārī include those on the following subjects: the realization of Isrāʾ before the revelation, the number of those who participated in the battle of Hamra al-Assad, Saʿd b. Abī Waḳḳāṣs entry into Islam, Alis allegiance to Abū Bakr, information about the expedition of al-Raji and the omission of the journey to Bayt al-Maqdis in the ḥadīth of the ascension. The ḥadīths mentioned only in Sahih Muslim include those on the following subjects: the number of the participants in the battle of Ḥunayn, the creation of the earth in seven days, ʿAmr b. ʿAbeses entry into Islam, consultation with Saʿd b. ʿUbāda for the battle of Badr, ṣaḥābas complaint about the hot sands, marriage with Umm Ḥabība and the place of the ṣalāt aẓ-ẓuhr during the ʿĪd al-ʾAḍḥā. The method of the study is the examination of the text and comparative analysis of the results among ḥadīth commentators. The result of the study is that for most of the criticized ḥadīths, Ibn Kathīrs evaluations differ from those of ḥadīth scholars such as Ibn Ḥadjar and al-Nawāwī. The importance of the study stems from the fact that Ibn Kathīrs criticism of the aforementioned Sahîhayn ḥadīths constitute concrete evidence of the statement of the ḥadīth scholars that the authenticity of the isnād does not ensure the authenticity of the matn. In short, it can be observed that Ibn Kathīrs work successfully reflects his strong critical mentality, original views and extensive scientific knowledge.

 The purpose of this study is the examination and analysis of Ibn Kathīrs d. 7741373 criticism of Sahihayn ḥadīths with respect to their content in the Sīra section of his history work called Al-Bidāya wan Nihāya. The subject of the study is Ibn Kathīrs criticism of twenty Sahihayn ḥadīths using the criteria of conformitycontradiction with the Qurʾān, authentic ḥadīths, reasoning, historical facts and idjmāʿ and his argument that the problems that he could not explain in fourteen ḥadīths were mistakes. The information that Ibn Kathīr provides about the rāwīs interventions which make the examined ḥadīths susceptible to content criticism, is also valuable. Seven of the ḥadīths that are in the scope of this study are in both Sahih al-Bukhārī and Sahih Muslim, six are only in Sahih al-Bukhārī and seven are only in Sahih Muslim. The ḥadīths in both Sahih al-Bukhārī and Sahih Muslim include those ḥadīths on the following subjects: the prohibition of the nikah mutah in Khaybar, the intention of the Prophet pbuh for ʿumra and ḥadjdj, the Prophet throwing away the silver ring, the news of the change of ḳibla reaching Qubāʾ the next morning, the time of the ban on speaking during prayer and the piercing of the wall of Yādjūdj wa-mādjūdj. The ḥadīths mentioned only in Sahih al-Bukhārī include those on the following subjects: the realization of Isrāʾ before the revelation, the number of those who participated in the battle of Hamra al-Assad, Saʿd b. Abī Waḳḳāṣs entry into Islam, Alis allegiance to Abū Bakr, information about the expedition of al-Raji and the omission of the journey to Bayt al-Maqdis in the ḥadīth of the ascension. The ḥadīths mentioned only in Sahih Muslim include those on the following subjects: the number of the participants in the battle of Ḥunayn, the creation of the earth in seven days, ʿAmr b. ʿAbeses entry into Islam, consultation with Saʿd b. ʿUbāda for the battle of Badr, ṣaḥābas complaint about the hot sands, marriage with Umm Ḥabība and the place of the ṣalāt aẓ-ẓuhr during the ʿĪd al-ʾAḍḥā. The method of the study is the examination of the text and comparative analysis of the results among ḥadīth commentators. The result of the study is that for most of the criticized ḥadīths, Ibn Kathīrs evaluations differ from those of ḥadīth scholars such as Ibn Ḥadjar and al-Nawāwī. The importance of the study stems from the fact that Ibn Kathīrs criticism of the aforementioned Sahîhayn ḥadīths constitute concrete evidence of the statement of the ḥadīth scholars that the authenticity of the isnād does not ensure the authenticity of the matn. In short, it can be observed that Ibn Kathīrs work successfully reflects his strong critical mentality, original views and extensive scientific knowledge.

 The purpose of this study is the examination and analysis of Ibn Kathīrs d. 7741373 criticism of Sahihayn ḥadīths with respect to their content in the Sīra section of his history work called Al-Bidāya wan Nihāya. The subject of the study is Ibn Kathīrs criticism of twenty Sahihayn ḥadīths using the criteria of conformitycontradiction with the Qurʾān, authentic ḥadīths, reasoning, historical facts and idjmāʿ and his argument that the problems that he could not explain in fourteen ḥadīths were mistakes. The information that Ibn Kathīr provides about the rāwīs interventions which make the examined ḥadīths susceptible to content criticism, is also valuable. Seven of the ḥadīths that are in the scope of this study are in both Sahih al-Bukhārī and Sahih Muslim, six are only in Sahih al-Bukhārī and seven are only in Sahih Muslim. The ḥadīths in both Sahih al-Bukhārī and Sahih Muslim include those ḥadīths on the following subjects: the prohibition of the nikah mutah in Khaybar, the intention of the Prophet pbuh for ʿumra and ḥadjdj, the Prophet throwing away the silver ring, the news of the change of ḳibla reaching Qubāʾ the next morning, the time of the ban on speaking during prayer and the piercing of the wall of Yādjūdj wa-mādjūdj. The ḥadīths mentioned only in Sahih al-Bukhārī include those on the following subjects: the realization of Isrāʾ before the revelation, the number of those who participated in the battle of Hamra al-Assad, Saʿd b. Abī Waḳḳāṣs entry into Islam, Alis allegiance to Abū Bakr, information about the expedition of al-Raji and the omission of the journey to Bayt al-Maqdis in the ḥadīth of the ascension. The ḥadīths mentioned only in Sahih Muslim include those on the following subjects: the number of the participants in the battle of Ḥunayn, the creation of the earth in seven days, ʿAmr b. ʿAbeses entry into Islam, consultation with Saʿd b. ʿUbāda for the battle of Badr, ṣaḥābas complaint about the hot sands, marriage with Umm Ḥabība and the place of the ṣalāt aẓ-ẓuhr during the ʿĪd al-ʾAḍḥā. The method of the study is the examination of the text and comparative analysis of the results among ḥadīth commentators. The result of the study is that for most of the criticized ḥadīths, Ibn Kathīrs evaluations differ from those of ḥadīth scholars such as Ibn Ḥadjar and al-Nawāwī. The importance of the study stems from the fact that Ibn Kathīrs criticism of the aforementioned Sahîhayn ḥadīths constitute concrete evidence of the statement of the ḥadīth scholars that the authenticity of the isnād does not ensure the authenticity of the matn. In short, it can be observed that Ibn Kathīrs work successfully reflects his strong critical mentality, original views and extensive scientific knowledge.

 Bu çalışmanın amacı İbn Kesîrin öl. 7741373 el-Bidâye ven-nihâye isimli tarih çalışmasının siyer bölümünde Sahîhayn hadislerini muhteva açısından tenkidinin araştırılması ve tahlilidir. Çalışmamızın konusu ise İbn Kesîrin mezkûr eserinde yirmi Sahihayn hadisini Kurân-ı Kerîm 3 hadis, akıl 1 hadis, icmâ 1 hadis, sahih hadisler 7 hadis ve sağlam târihî bilgilere 8 hadis uygunlukaykırılık kıstaslarını kullanarak tenkidi ve on dört hadiste izah getiremediği yanlışların birer hata olduğunu kaydetmesidir. İbn Kesîrin incelenen hadislerin muhteva tenkidine müsait bir hâle gelmesine yol açan râvi tasarruflarına dair verdiği bilgiler ayrıca kıymetlidir. Bu çalışmanın kapsamını oluşturan hadislerden yedi tanesi hem Sahîh-i Buhârî hem Sahîh-i Müslim, altı tanesi sadece Sahîh-i Buhârî, yedi tanesi de sadece Sahîh-i Müslimde yer almaktadır. Hem Sahîh-i Buhârî hem Sahîh-i Müslimde yer alan hadisler Hayberde müta nikahının yasaklanışı, Rasulullahın s.a.v. umre ve hacca niyeti, Hz. Peygamberin gümüş yüzüğü atması, kıblenin değişimi haberinin Kubâya ertesi sabah ulaşması, namazda konuşma yasağının zamanı, yecûc ve mecûcun seddinin delinmesi ve Hz. Peygamberin s.a.v. miras bırakmaması konulu hadislerdir. Sadece Sahîh-i Buhârîde geçen hadisler isranın vahiy gelmesinden önce vukuu, Hamrâülesed seferine katılanların sayısı, Sad b. Ebî Vakkasın İslama girişi, Hz. Alinin Hz. Ebû Bekire biatı, Recî vakasıyla ilgili bazı bilgiler ve mirac hadisinde Beyt-i Makdise yolculuğun zikredilmemesi konulu hadislerdir. Son olarak, sadece Sahîh-i Müslimde yer alan hadisler ise Huneyn savaşında müslümanların sayısı ve Taif kuşatmasının müddeti, yeryüzünün yedi günde yaratılışı, Amr b. Abesenin İslama girişi, Bedir için Sad b. Ubâde ile istişâre, sahâbînin sıcak kumlardan şikâyeti, Ümmü Habîbe ile evlilik ve kurban bayramında öğle namazının yeri konulu hadislerdir. Araştırmamızın yöntemi kaynak taraması ve sonuçların diğer şarihlerinkiyle mukayeseli tahlilidir. Araştırmamızın sonucunda eleştirilen hadislerin büyük bir kısmında İbn Kesîrin değerlendirmelerinin İbn Hacer ve Nevevî gibi muhaddislerinkinden farklı olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışmamızın önemi İbn Kesîrin tenkitlerinin muhaddislerin senedin sıhhatinin metnin sıhhatini temin etmeyeceğine dair tespitlerinin uygulamadaki somut delillerini oluşturmasıdır. Kısaca İbn Kesîrin, eserine güçlü tenkit zihniyetini, özgün görüşlerini ve geniş ilmî birikimini başarıyla yansıttığı görülmektedir.

Makale detayları

Analysis of Ibn Kathīr’s Content Criticism of Some of the Sahîhayn Ḥadīths in the Sīra section of Al-Bidāya wan Nihāya

Yazarlar:

Mehmet Ali Çalgan

Yayıncı:

Sivas Cumhuriyet University

Ana Başlıklar:

Hadis

Dergi:

Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.28 Issue 1, pp.303-324

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001319250

pISSN:

2528-9861

Ḥadīth

Matn Criticism

Content criticism

Ibn Kathīr

Al-Bidāya wan Nihāya.Hadis

Metin Tenkidi

Muhteva Tenkidi

İbn Kesir

el-Bidâye ve’n-nihâye

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Mehmet Ali Çalgan

Yayıncı: Sivas Cumhuriyet University

Ana Başlıklar: Hadis

Dergi: Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.28 Issue 1, pp.303-324

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001319250

pISSN: 2528-9861

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Mehmet Ali Çalgan

Yayıncı:

Sivas Cumhuriyet University

Ana Başlıklar:

Hadis

Dergi:

Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.28 Issue 1, pp.303-324

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001319250

pISSN:

2528-9861