Two Sacred Bread Seals from Yalova/ Çobankale Excavation

Gülgün Köroğlu; Selçuk Seçkin

Makale detayları

Two Sacred Bread Seals from Yalova/ Çobankale Excavation

Yazarlar:

Gülgün Köroğlu | Selçuk Seçkin

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Sanat Tarihi

Dergi:

Art-Sanat Issue 20, pp.355-376

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

7/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001296784

pISSN:

2148-3582

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Xerigordos Çobankale, located in the Yalakdere Valley in the Altınova district of Yalova, is a particularly important castle settlement established on the main roads. The name of the castle is frequently mentioned in historical sources between the 11th and 14th centuries. During the archaeological excavations started in the castle with the permission of the Republic of Turkiye Ministry of Culture and Tourism, two terracotta seals with depictions of crosses on them were unearthed in the immediate surroundings of the architectural remains identified as a chapel. The fact that the seals were found around the chapel suggests that they were used for bread, which was believed to have been specially prepared and sealed before being baked and transformed into the body of Christ, to be distributed during the most important religious ceremony of Christianity, the consecration of bread and wine Eucharist. The impressed surface of the conicalshaped sacramental bread seals is engraved with a gradually framed depiction of a cross. Other artifacts found during the excavations and comparisons with similar seals make it possible to date the bread seals to the Middle Byzantine period 11th-12th centuries. Within the scope of this study, the sacred bread seals unearthed in Çobankale excavations will be introduced, the polytheistic and monotheistic symbolic meaning of bread will be emphasized, and similar examples from the same period found in archaeological excavations will be discussed.

 Xerigordos Çobankale, located in the Yalakdere Valley in the Altınova district of Yalova, is a particularly important castle settlement established on the main roads. The name of the castle is frequently mentioned in historical sources between the 11th and 14th centuries. During the archaeological excavations started in the castle with the permission of the Republic of Turkiye Ministry of Culture and Tourism, two terracotta seals with depictions of crosses on them were unearthed in the immediate surroundings of the architectural remains identified as a chapel. The fact that the seals were found around the chapel suggests that they were used for bread, which was believed to have been specially prepared and sealed before being baked and transformed into the body of Christ, to be distributed during the most important religious ceremony of Christianity, the consecration of bread and wine Eucharist. The impressed surface of the conicalshaped sacramental bread seals is engraved with a gradually framed depiction of a cross. Other artifacts found during the excavations and comparisons with similar seals make it possible to date the bread seals to the Middle Byzantine period 11th-12th centuries. Within the scope of this study, the sacred bread seals unearthed in Çobankale excavations will be introduced, the polytheistic and monotheistic symbolic meaning of bread will be emphasized, and similar examples from the same period found in archaeological excavations will be discussed.

 Xerigordos Çobankale, located in the Yalakdere Valley in the Altınova district of Yalova, is a particularly important castle settlement established on the main roads. The name of the castle is frequently mentioned in historical sources between the 11th and 14th centuries. During the archaeological excavations started in the castle with the permission of the Republic of Turkiye Ministry of Culture and Tourism, two terracotta seals with depictions of crosses on them were unearthed in the immediate surroundings of the architectural remains identified as a chapel. The fact that the seals were found around the chapel suggests that they were used for bread, which was believed to have been specially prepared and sealed before being baked and transformed into the body of Christ, to be distributed during the most important religious ceremony of Christianity, the consecration of bread and wine Eucharist. The impressed surface of the conicalshaped sacramental bread seals is engraved with a gradually framed depiction of a cross. Other artifacts found during the excavations and comparisons with similar seals make it possible to date the bread seals to the Middle Byzantine period 11th-12th centuries. Within the scope of this study, the sacred bread seals unearthed in Çobankale excavations will be introduced, the polytheistic and monotheistic symbolic meaning of bread will be emphasized, and similar examples from the same period found in archaeological excavations will be discussed.

 Yalovanın Altınova ilçesi, Yalakdere Vadisi üzerinde yer alan Xerigordos Çobankale, ana yollar üzerinde kurulmuş önemli bir kale yerleşimidir. Kalenin adı 11-14. yüzyıllar arasında tarihî kaynaklarda sıklıkla geçmektedir. T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı izniyle kalede başlatılan arkeolojik kazılar sırasında şapel olduğu belirlenen mimari kalıntının yakın çevresinde üzerlerinde haç tasvirleri olan iki adet pişmiş topraktan yapılmış mühür gün ışığına çıkarılmıştır. Mühürlerin şapel çevresinde ele geçmiş olması, Hristiyanlığın en önemli dinî töreni olan ekmek ve şarabın kutsandığı ayinde ökaristi eucharistia dağıtılmak için özel olarak hazırlanıp pişirilmeden önce mühürlenerek İsanın bedenine dönüştürüldüğüne inanılan ekmekler için kullanılmış olduğunu göstermektedir. Konik biçimli kutsal ekmek mühürlerinin baskı yüzeyinde kademeli biçimde çerçeve içine alınmış haç tasvirleri oyulmuştur. Benzerleriyle yapılan karşılaştırmalar ve kazılar sırasında bulunan diğer buluntular ekmek mühürlerinin Orta Bizans Dönemine tarihlendirilmesini 11-12. yüzyıllar arası olanaklı kılmaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında Çobankale kazılarında bulunan kutsal ekmek mühürleri tanıtılıp ekmeğin çok tanrılı ve tek tanrılı simgesel anlamı üzerinde durulmuş ve arkeolojik kazılarda bulunan aynı döneme ait benzer örnekler ele alınmıştır.

Makale detayları

Two Sacred Bread Seals from Yalova/ Çobankale Excavation

Yazarlar:

Gülgün Köroğlu | Selçuk Seçkin

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Sanat Tarihi

Dergi:

Art-Sanat Issue 20, pp.355-376

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

7/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001296784

pISSN:

2148-3582

Çobankale

Middle Byzantine period

bread seal

cross

ChristianityÇobankale

Orta Bizans Dönemi

ekmek mührü

haç

Hristiyanlık

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Gülgün Köroğlu | Selçuk Seçkin

Yayıncı: Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar: Sanat Tarihi

Dergi: Art-Sanat Issue 20, pp.355-376

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 7/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001296784

pISSN: 2148-3582

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Gülgün Köroğlu | Selçuk Seçkin

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Sanat Tarihi

Dergi:

Art-Sanat Issue 20, pp.355-376

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

7/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001296784

pISSN:

2148-3582