The Effect of Tourism on Economic Growth in Turkey

Hüseyin Yılmaz

Makale detayları

The Effect of Tourism on Economic Growth in Turkey

Yazarlar:

Hüseyin Yılmaz

Yayıncı:

Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat Üniversitesi

Ana Başlıklar:

Ekonomi

Dergi:

Alanya Akademik Bakış Vol.7 Issue 1, pp.257-276

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

1/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001283507

pISSN:

2651-4192

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The purpose of all societies is to lead a more prosperous life through providing economic growth. Tourism sector, one of the fastest growing sectors in the last 60 years, keeping growing almost every year and having an important share in macroeconomic data, plays an important role in making growth sustainable in developed countries while it is regarde as the driving force of economic growth in developing countries. This study intends to empirically reveal the effect of tourism on economic growth and development in Turkey. The study started with the studies in 1980, known as the period of Turkeys overseas expansion, and ended with those in 2021. In the study, two different models were established and real GDP as an indicator of growth, real GDP per capita as an indicator of development, number of tourists and tourism revenues as an indicator of tourism were discussed. Bootstrap Toda-Yamamoto Causality Analysis was used to determine the direction of the relationship between the variables. While the empirical results show that there is no causal relationship between the number of tourists and growth, it is demonstrated that there is unidirectional causality from number of tourists to both GDP and GDP per capita. The findings reveal that while the number of tourists contributes to growth, tourism revenues cannot provide sufficient contribution to the economy due to the fact that the tourism expenditure per capita remains constant. In this context, Turkey should focus on policies aimed at increasing tourism revenues rather than just the number of tourists.

 The purpose of all societies is to lead a more prosperous life through providing economic growth. Tourism sector, one of the fastest growing sectors in the last 60 years, keeping growing almost every year and having an important share in macroeconomic data, plays an important role in making growth sustainable in developed countries while it is regarde as the driving force of economic growth in developing countries. This study intends to empirically reveal the effect of tourism on economic growth and development in Turkey. The study started with the studies in 1980, known as the period of Turkeys overseas expansion, and ended with those in 2021. In the study, two different models were established and real GDP as an indicator of growth, real GDP per capita as an indicator of development, number of tourists and tourism revenues as an indicator of tourism were discussed. Bootstrap Toda-Yamamoto Causality Analysis was used to determine the direction of the relationship between the variables. While the empirical results show that there is no causal relationship between the number of tourists and growth, it is demonstrated that there is unidirectional causality from number of tourists to both GDP and GDP per capita. The findings reveal that while the number of tourists contributes to growth, tourism revenues cannot provide sufficient contribution to the economy due to the fact that the tourism expenditure per capita remains constant. In this context, Turkey should focus on policies aimed at increasing tourism revenues rather than just the number of tourists.

 The purpose of all societies is to lead a more prosperous life through providing economic growth. Tourism sector, one of the fastest growing sectors in the last 60 years, keeping growing almost every year and having an important share in macroeconomic data, plays an important role in making growth sustainable in developed countries while it is regarde as the driving force of economic growth in developing countries. This study intends to empirically reveal the effect of tourism on economic growth and development in Turkey. The study started with the studies in 1980, known as the period of Turkeys overseas expansion, and ended with those in 2021. In the study, two different models were established and real GDP as an indicator of growth, real GDP per capita as an indicator of development, number of tourists and tourism revenues as an indicator of tourism were discussed. Bootstrap Toda-Yamamoto Causality Analysis was used to determine the direction of the relationship between the variables. While the empirical results show that there is no causal relationship between the number of tourists and growth, it is demonstrated that there is unidirectional causality from number of tourists to both GDP and GDP per capita. The findings reveal that while the number of tourists contributes to growth, tourism revenues cannot provide sufficient contribution to the economy due to the fact that the tourism expenditure per capita remains constant. In this context, Turkey should focus on policies aimed at increasing tourism revenues rather than just the number of tourists.

 Tüm toplumların temel hedefi, ekonomik büyümeyi sağlayarak daha müreffeh bir yaşam sürmektir. Son 60 yıl içerisinde en hızlı gelişim gösteren sektörlerin başında gelen, neredeyse her yıl kesintisiz büyümeye devam eden, makroekonomik verilerde önemli bir paya sahip olan turizm sektörü, gelişmiş ülkelerde ekonomik büyümenin sürdürülebilir hale gelmesinde önemli bir rol oynamakta iken gelişmekte olan ülkelerde ise büyümenin itici gücü olarak görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı da Türkiye özelinde turizmin, ekonomik büyümeye etkisini ampirik olarak ortaya koymaktır. Çalışma, Türkiyenin dışa açılma dönemi olarak bilinen 1980 yılından başlamış olup 2021 yılına kadar elde edilen yıllık verileri kapsamaktadır. Çalışmada iki ayrı model kurulmuş olup büyümenin göstergesi olarak reel GSYİH ve reel kişi başı GSYİH, turizmin göstergesi olarak turist sayısı ve turizm gelirleri ele alınmıştır. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkinin yönünü belirlemek için Bootstrap Toda-Yamamoto Nedensellik Analizi kullanılmıştır. Ampirik sonuçlar turist gelirleri ve büyüme arasında nedensellik ilişkisi olmadığını gösterirken, turist sayısından hem GSYİH hem de kişi başı gelire doğru tek yönlü nedensellik olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Elde edilen bulgular, turist sayısının büyümeye katkı sağladığını ortaya koyarken kişi başı turizm harcamasının sabit kalmasından dolayı turizm gelirlerinin ekonomiye yeterli katkıyı sağlayamadığını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu bağlamda Türkiyenin sadece turist sayısına değil turizm gelirlerini de arttırmaya yönelik politikalara ağırlık vermesi gerekliliğini ortaya koymuştur.

Makale detayları

The Effect of Tourism on Economic Growth in Turkey

Yazarlar:

Hüseyin Yılmaz

Yayıncı:

Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat Üniversitesi

Ana Başlıklar:

Ekonomi

Dergi:

Alanya Akademik Bakış Vol.7 Issue 1, pp.257-276

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

1/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001283507

pISSN:

2651-4192

Economic Growth

Tourism

Bootstrap Toda-Yamamoto Causality Analysis

Ekonomik Büyüme

Turizm

Bootstrap Toda-Yamamoto Nedensellik Analizi

Sayı

Makale detayları

The Effect of Tourism on Economic Growth in Turkey

Yazarlar: Hüseyin Yılmaz

Yayıncı: Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat Üniversitesi

Ana Başlıklar: Ekonomi

Dergi: Alanya Akademik Bakış Vol.7 Issue 1, pp.257-276

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 1/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001283507

pISSN: 2651-4192

Economic Growth

Tourism

Bootstrap Toda-Yamamoto Causality Analysis

Ekonomik Büyüme

Turizm

Bootstrap Toda-Yamamoto Nedensellik Analizi

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Hüseyin Yılmaz

Yayıncı:

Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat Üniversitesi

Ana Başlıklar:

Ekonomi

Dergi:

Alanya Akademik Bakış Vol.7 Issue 1, pp.257-276

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

1/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001283507

pISSN:

2651-4192