The Kirāʾat of The Verse Ṡaff 61/6 as Ascribed to ʾUbayy b. Kaʿb: “The Prophet Muhammed’s Promise With The Name Aḥmed?” or “An Attibution to his Being The Last of The Prophets?”

Orhan Güvel

Makale detayları

The Kirāʾat of The Verse Ṡaff 61/6 as Ascribed to ʾUbayy b. Kaʿb: “The Prophet Muhammed’s Promise With The Name Aḥmed?” or “An Attibution to his Being The Last of The Prophets?”

Yazarlar:

Orhan Güvel

Yayıncı:

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University

Ana Başlıklar:

Karşılaştırmalı Dini Araştırmalar | Tefsir

Dergi:

Rize İlahiyat Dergisi Issue 27, pp.217-234

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001329976

pISSN:

2980-0331

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 In the Qurʾānic verse Ṡaff 616, the Prophet ʿĪsa announces the coming of a prophet with the name or attribute of Ahmad after him. Since the first centuries, some Muslim scholars have associated the traces of this announcement with the word Paraclete in the Gospels, which has opened the door for the issue to become one of the main polemical issues between Muslim and Christian cultures. The debate between the two cultures over the verse Ṡaff 616 was reignited by the emergence of an alternative qirāʾat of the verse attributed to the Companion ʾUbayy Kaʿb. This difference of qirāʾat was first encountered by Arthur Jeffery d. 1959 in the manuscript of Abū Isḥāḳ Ibrāhīm b. Muḥammad al-Marandīs d. 5881192 Ḳurrāʾatu ʿAyni al-Ḳurrāʾ fi al-Ḳırāʾat in the Royal Library of the Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial. According to this qirāʾat, the verse Ṡaff 616 does not herald the coming of a prophet named Ahmad after the Prophet ʿĪṣā, but the coming of a prophet whose ummah will be the last ummah and who will be the last representative of the institution of prophethood and messengership. In this study, the interpretation of the verse Ṡaff 616 in Islamic sources and the works of Western and Arabic authors that contain information about the qirāʾat attributed to ʾUbayy b. Kaʿb were analyzed using qualitative research methodology. In the exegetical tradition, the verse is mostly interpreted in terms of the glad tidings of the Prophet Muhammad with the name or attribute of Ahmad. The most comprehensive evaluation of the difference in the qirāʾat pointed out by Arthur Jeffery belongs to Sean W. Anthony and Zakariyyā Muḥammad d. 2023. While Anthony argues that the qirāʾat attributed to ʾUbayy b. Kaʿb cannot be regarded as an original and historically preferable reading of the verse because it does not conform to the diction of the Qurʾān and cannot be confirmed by other sources, Muḥammad emphasizes that the difference between the ʾUbayys qirāʾat and the ʾUbayys qirāʾat may be due to the taṡhīf. In this context, Muḥammad proposes a third alternative qirāʾat for the correct reading of the verse. According to Muḥammads suggested qirāʾat, the verse can be translated as follows: ʿĪsā, son of Mary, said, O Children of Israel! I am a messenger sent to you from Allah, to confirm the Torah that you have, and to bring good tidings of a prophet who will come after me, whose ummah will be the most virtuoussuperior ummah, and with whom Allah will end the institution of prophethood. They said: This is sheer magic. The analysis revealed that the qirāʾat attributed to ʾUbayy b. Kaʿb about the verse Ṡaff 616 and the alternative qirāʾat suggested by Muḥammad could not be confirmed by the ancient Mushafs and the sources containing information about the differences in qirāʾat and were not compatible with the Qurʾānic style. It has been observed that both recitations are not preferable to the Khatt al-Osmānī recitation in terms of both the wording and the meaning they contain. It is highly probable that the qirāʾat attributed to ʾUbayy b. Kaʿb in al-Marandīs work is based on an exegetical commentary on the personal Mushaf of the companion or on a qirāʾat of the seven letters that was in circulation before the appearance of the Mushaf of Uthman. It is concluded that the absence of the name Ahmad in the relevant qirāʾat does not affect the authenticity of the Mushaf of Uthman. Ṡaff 616.

 In the Qurʾānic verse Ṡaff 616, the Prophet ʿĪsa announces the coming of a prophet with the name or attribute of Ahmad after him. Since the first centuries, some Muslim scholars have associated the traces of this announcement with the word Paraclete in the Gospels, which has opened the door for the issue to become one of the main polemical issues between Muslim and Christian cultures. The debate between the two cultures over the verse Ṡaff 616 was reignited by the emergence of an alternative qirāʾat of the verse attributed to the Companion ʾUbayy Kaʿb. This difference of qirāʾat was first encountered by Arthur Jeffery d. 1959 in the manuscript of Abū Isḥāḳ Ibrāhīm b. Muḥammad al-Marandīs d. 5881192 Ḳurrāʾatu ʿAyni al-Ḳurrāʾ fi al-Ḳırāʾat in the Royal Library of the Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial. According to this qirāʾat, the verse Ṡaff 616 does not herald the coming of a prophet named Ahmad after the Prophet ʿĪṣā, but the coming of a prophet whose ummah will be the last ummah and who will be the last representative of the institution of prophethood and messengership. In this study, the interpretation of the verse Ṡaff 616 in Islamic sources and the works of Western and Arabic authors that contain information about the qirāʾat attributed to ʾUbayy b. Kaʿb were analyzed using qualitative research methodology. In the exegetical tradition, the verse is mostly interpreted in terms of the glad tidings of the Prophet Muhammad with the name or attribute of Ahmad. The most comprehensive evaluation of the difference in the qirāʾat pointed out by Arthur Jeffery belongs to Sean W. Anthony and Zakariyyā Muḥammad d. 2023. While Anthony argues that the qirāʾat attributed to ʾUbayy b. Kaʿb cannot be regarded as an original and historically preferable reading of the verse because it does not conform to the diction of the Qurʾān and cannot be confirmed by other sources, Muḥammad emphasizes that the difference between the ʾUbayys qirāʾat and the ʾUbayys qirāʾat may be due to the taṡhīf. In this context, Muḥammad proposes a third alternative qirāʾat for the correct reading of the verse. According to Muḥammads suggested qirāʾat, the verse can be translated as follows: ʿĪsā, son of Mary, said, O Children of Israel! I am a messenger sent to you from Allah, to confirm the Torah that you have, and to bring good tidings of a prophet who will come after me, whose ummah will be the most virtuoussuperior ummah, and with whom Allah will end the institution of prophethood. They said: This is sheer magic. The analysis revealed that the qirāʾat attributed to ʾUbayy b. Kaʿb about the verse Ṡaff 616 and the alternative qirāʾat suggested by Muḥammad could not be confirmed by the ancient Mushafs and the sources containing information about the differences in qirāʾat and were not compatible with the Qurʾānic style. It has been observed that both recitations are not preferable to the Khatt al-Osmānī recitation in terms of both the wording and the meaning they contain. It is highly probable that the qirāʾat attributed to ʾUbayy b. Kaʿb in al-Marandīs work is based on an exegetical commentary on the personal Mushaf of the companion or on a qirāʾat of the seven letters that was in circulation before the appearance of the Mushaf of Uthman. It is concluded that the absence of the name Ahmad in the relevant qirāʾat does not affect the authenticity of the Mushaf of Uthman. Ṡaff 616.

 In the Qurʾānic verse Ṡaff 616, the Prophet ʿĪsa announces the coming of a prophet with the name or attribute of Ahmad after him. Since the first centuries, some Muslim scholars have associated the traces of this announcement with the word Paraclete in the Gospels, which has opened the door for the issue to become one of the main polemical issues between Muslim and Christian cultures. The debate between the two cultures over the verse Ṡaff 616 was reignited by the emergence of an alternative qirāʾat of the verse attributed to the Companion ʾUbayy Kaʿb. This difference of qirāʾat was first encountered by Arthur Jeffery d. 1959 in the manuscript of Abū Isḥāḳ Ibrāhīm b. Muḥammad al-Marandīs d. 5881192 Ḳurrāʾatu ʿAyni al-Ḳurrāʾ fi al-Ḳırāʾat in the Royal Library of the Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial. According to this qirāʾat, the verse Ṡaff 616 does not herald the coming of a prophet named Ahmad after the Prophet ʿĪṣā, but the coming of a prophet whose ummah will be the last ummah and who will be the last representative of the institution of prophethood and messengership. In this study, the interpretation of the verse Ṡaff 616 in Islamic sources and the works of Western and Arabic authors that contain information about the qirāʾat attributed to ʾUbayy b. Kaʿb were analyzed using qualitative research methodology. In the exegetical tradition, the verse is mostly interpreted in terms of the glad tidings of the Prophet Muhammad with the name or attribute of Ahmad. The most comprehensive evaluation of the difference in the qirāʾat pointed out by Arthur Jeffery belongs to Sean W. Anthony and Zakariyyā Muḥammad d. 2023. While Anthony argues that the qirāʾat attributed to ʾUbayy b. Kaʿb cannot be regarded as an original and historically preferable reading of the verse because it does not conform to the diction of the Qurʾān and cannot be confirmed by other sources, Muḥammad emphasizes that the difference between the ʾUbayys qirāʾat and the ʾUbayys qirāʾat may be due to the taṡhīf. In this context, Muḥammad proposes a third alternative qirāʾat for the correct reading of the verse. According to Muḥammads suggested qirāʾat, the verse can be translated as follows: ʿĪsā, son of Mary, said, O Children of Israel! I am a messenger sent to you from Allah, to confirm the Torah that you have, and to bring good tidings of a prophet who will come after me, whose ummah will be the most virtuoussuperior ummah, and with whom Allah will end the institution of prophethood. They said: This is sheer magic. The analysis revealed that the qirāʾat attributed to ʾUbayy b. Kaʿb about the verse Ṡaff 616 and the alternative qirāʾat suggested by Muḥammad could not be confirmed by the ancient Mushafs and the sources containing information about the differences in qirāʾat and were not compatible with the Qurʾānic style. It has been observed that both recitations are not preferable to the Khatt al-Osmānī recitation in terms of both the wording and the meaning they contain. It is highly probable that the qirāʾat attributed to ʾUbayy b. Kaʿb in al-Marandīs work is based on an exegetical commentary on the personal Mushaf of the companion or on a qirāʾat of the seven letters that was in circulation before the appearance of the Mushaf of Uthman. It is concluded that the absence of the name Ahmad in the relevant qirāʾat does not affect the authenticity of the Mushaf of Uthman. Ṡaff 616.

 Kurânın Ṡaff 616 âyetinde Hz. ʿÎsanın kendinden sonra Ahmed ismi ya da sıfatında bir peygamberin gelişini müjdelemesi konu edilmektedir. Bazı Müslüman âlimlerin ilk asırlardan itibaren bu müjdelemenin izlerini İncillerde yer alan ParacleteFaraklit kelimesiyle ilişkilendirmesi, meselenin Müslüman ve Hristiyan kültür arasındaki temel polemik konularından birine dönüşmesine kapı aralamıştır. İki kültür arasında Ṡaff 616 âyeti çerçevesinde yürütülen tartışmalar âyetin sahabeden ʾUbeyy Kaʿba isnad edilen alternatif bir kırâʾatinin ortaya çıkmasıyla yeniden alevlenmiştir. Bu kırâʾat farklılığına ilk olarak Arthur Jeffery öl. 1959 tarafından San Lorenzo de El Escorial Manastırı Kraliyet Kütüphanesinde kayıtlı bulunan Ebû İsḥâḳ İbrâhîm b. Muḥammed el-Merandînin öl. 5881192 Ḳurratu ʿAynil-Ḳurrâʾ fil-Ḳırâʾat adlı eserinin yazmasında rastlanmıştır. Bu okuyuşa göre Ṡaff 616 âyetinde Hz. ʿÎsâdan sonra Ahmed isminde bir peygamberin geleceği değil ümmetinin son ümmet ve kendisinin de nebîlik ve resullük müessesesinin son temsilcisi olacağı bir peygamberin gelişi müjdelenmektedir. Bu çalışmada Ṡaff 616 âyetinin İslâmî kaynaklarda yorumlanışı ve ʾUbeyy b. Kaʿba isnad edilen kırâʾat hakkında bilgi içeren Batılı ve Arap yazarlara ait çalışmalar nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılarak tetkik edilmiştir. Tefsir geleneğinde âyetin daha çok Hz. Muhammedin Ahmed ismi ya da sıfatıyla müjdelenmesi cihetiyle yorumlamaya konu edildiği görülmektedir. Arthur Jefferynin dikkat çektiği kırâʾat farklılığı hakkında en kapsamlı değerlendirme ise Sean W. Anthonyye ve Zekeriyyâ Muḥammede öl. 2023 aittir. Anthony, ʾUbeyy b. Kaʿba isnad edilen kırâʾati Kurânın diksiyonuna uymadığı ve başka kaynaklar tarafından teyit edilemediği gerekçesiyle âyetin orijinal ve tarihsel olarak tercihe şayan bir okuması olarak görülemeyeceğini ifade ederken, Muḥammed âyetin Hatt-ı Osmânîye göre yazılışı ve ʾUbeyy kırâʾati arasındaki farklılığın taṡhîften kaynaklı olabileceği üzerinde durmaktadır. Bu bağlamda Muḥammed, âyetin doğru okunması için üçüncü alternatif bir kırâʾat önermektedir. Muḥammedin önerdiği kırâʾate göre âyet şöyle meâllendirilebilir: Meryem oğlu ʿÎsâ, Ey İsrailoğulları! Ben size Allah tarafından gönderilmiş bir elçiyim. Ben elinizdeki Tevratı tasdik etmek ve benden sonra gelecek, ümmeti en faziletliüstün ümmet olacak Allahın kendisiyle nebîlik müessesesini nihayete erdireceği bir peygamberi müjdelemek için gönderildim. Onlar: Bunlar düpedüz bir sihirdir. dediler. Ṡaff 616 Yapılan incelemede Ṡaff 616 âyeti hakkında ʾUbeyy b. Kaʿba isnad edilen kırâʾat ve Muḥammedin önerdiği alternatif kırâʾatin kadim Mushaflar ve kırâʾat farklılıklarına dair bilgi içeren kaynaklar tarafından teyit edilemediği ve Kurân üslubuyla uyumlu olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Her iki okuyuşun da hem lafız hem de içerdikleri anlam bakımından Hatt-ı Osmânî okuyuşuna göre tercih edilebilecek bir durum arz etmediği görülmüştür. Merandînin eserinde ʾUbeyy b. Kaʿba isnad edilen kırâʾatin ilgili sahâbînin kişisel Mushafına düştüğü tefsirî bir açıklama ya da Hz. Osman Mushafının ortaya çıkmasından önce tedavülde olan yedi harf kabîlinden bir kırâʾate dayanıyor olmasının kuvvetle muhtemel olduğu anlaşılmıştır. İlgili kırâʾatte Ahmed isminin zikredilmiyor oluşunun Hz. Osman Mushafının otantiklik düzeyini etkileyecek bir yönünün bulunmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Makale detayları

The Kirāʾat of The Verse Ṡaff 61/6 as Ascribed to ʾUbayy b. Kaʿb: “The Prophet Muhammed’s Promise With The Name Aḥmed?” or “An Attibution to his Being The Last of The Prophets?”

Yazarlar:

Orhan Güvel

Yayıncı:

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University

Ana Başlıklar:

Karşılaştırmalı Dini Araştırmalar | Tefsir

Dergi:

Rize İlahiyat Dergisi Issue 27, pp.217-234

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001329976

pISSN:

2980-0331

Tafsir

Qirāʾāt

Ṡaff 61/6 Verse

Ahmad

Paraclete

ʾUbayy b. KaʿbTefsir

Kırâʾat

Ṡaff 61/6 Âyeti

Ahmed

Faraklit

ʾUbeyy b. Kaʿb

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Orhan Güvel

Yayıncı: Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University

Ana Başlıklar: Karşılaştırmalı Dini Araştırmalar | Tefsir

Dergi: Rize İlahiyat Dergisi Issue 27, pp.217-234

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 10/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001329976

pISSN: 2980-0331

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Orhan Güvel

Yayıncı:

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University

Ana Başlıklar:

Karşılaştırmalı Dini Araştırmalar | Tefsir

Dergi:

Rize İlahiyat Dergisi Issue 27, pp.217-234

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001329976

pISSN:

2980-0331