MILITARY AND POLITICAL RELATIONS BETWEEN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE AND AZERBAIJAN ACCORDING TO ARCHIVE DOCUMENTS (1914-1918)

Mehtap Uçan

Makale detayları

MILITARY AND POLITICAL RELATIONS BETWEEN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE AND AZERBAIJAN ACCORDING TO ARCHIVE DOCUMENTS (1914-1918)

Yazarlar:

Mehtap Uçan

Yayıncı:

Ankara University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Dergi:

Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.44 Issue 79, pp.249-288

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001359799

pISSN:

1015-1826

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 In November 1914, the Russian offensive opened the Caucasus Eastern front for the Ottoman Empire. In an attempt to encircle the Russians by entering the South Caucasus and Northern Iran, Commander-in-Chief Enver Pasha launched the Sarıkamış offensive with Turkish troops in December 1914. While this offensive failed, in 1916 the Russians launched an offensive on the Eastern front, occupying Erzurum, Trabzon, Erzincan, and Muş. Meanwhile, in Russia, following the March February revolution of 1917, the Bolshevik government granted the peoples within Russian borders the right to self-government, paving the way for the establishment of an independent state in the lands of Northern Azerbaijan. Following the March February revolution of 1917, Azerbaijani representatives, along with Armenian and Georgian representatives, jointly established the Transcaucasian Government. The Ottoman Empire held the Trabzon and Batumi conferences in 1918 for peace talks with the Transcaucasian Government. Following the Trabzon Conference, the Transcaucasian Government declared the South Caucasian Federal Democratic Republic. This structure subsequently dissolved, and the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic was established on May 28, 1918. During this period, the Ottoman Empire established the Caucasus Islamic Army in the military sphere to liberate Azerbaijani lands from Russian occupation and assisted in the organization of several institutions of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic. This study will provide information on the political and military relations between the Ottoman Empire and Azerbaijan during World War I. Sources include documents from the Ottoman Archives of the Prime Ministry of the State Archives, as well as copyrighted and researched works.

 In November 1914, the Russian offensive opened the Caucasus Eastern front for the Ottoman Empire. In an attempt to encircle the Russians by entering the South Caucasus and Northern Iran, Commander-in-Chief Enver Pasha launched the Sarıkamış offensive with Turkish troops in December 1914. While this offensive failed, in 1916 the Russians launched an offensive on the Eastern front, occupying Erzurum, Trabzon, Erzincan, and Muş. Meanwhile, in Russia, following the March February revolution of 1917, the Bolshevik government granted the peoples within Russian borders the right to self-government, paving the way for the establishment of an independent state in the lands of Northern Azerbaijan. Following the March February revolution of 1917, Azerbaijani representatives, along with Armenian and Georgian representatives, jointly established the Transcaucasian Government. The Ottoman Empire held the Trabzon and Batumi conferences in 1918 for peace talks with the Transcaucasian Government. Following the Trabzon Conference, the Transcaucasian Government declared the South Caucasian Federal Democratic Republic. This structure subsequently dissolved, and the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic was established on May 28, 1918. During this period, the Ottoman Empire established the Caucasus Islamic Army in the military sphere to liberate Azerbaijani lands from Russian occupation and assisted in the organization of several institutions of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic. This study will provide information on the political and military relations between the Ottoman Empire and Azerbaijan during World War I. Sources include documents from the Ottoman Archives of the Prime Ministry of the State Archives, as well as copyrighted and researched works.

 In November 1914, the Russian offensive opened the Caucasus Eastern front for the Ottoman Empire. In an attempt to encircle the Russians by entering the South Caucasus and Northern Iran, Commander-in-Chief Enver Pasha launched the Sarıkamış offensive with Turkish troops in December 1914. While this offensive failed, in 1916 the Russians launched an offensive on the Eastern front, occupying Erzurum, Trabzon, Erzincan, and Muş. Meanwhile, in Russia, following the March February revolution of 1917, the Bolshevik government granted the peoples within Russian borders the right to self-government, paving the way for the establishment of an independent state in the lands of Northern Azerbaijan. Following the March February revolution of 1917, Azerbaijani representatives, along with Armenian and Georgian representatives, jointly established the Transcaucasian Government. The Ottoman Empire held the Trabzon and Batumi conferences in 1918 for peace talks with the Transcaucasian Government. Following the Trabzon Conference, the Transcaucasian Government declared the South Caucasian Federal Democratic Republic. This structure subsequently dissolved, and the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic was established on May 28, 1918. During this period, the Ottoman Empire established the Caucasus Islamic Army in the military sphere to liberate Azerbaijani lands from Russian occupation and assisted in the organization of several institutions of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic. This study will provide information on the political and military relations between the Ottoman Empire and Azerbaijan during World War I. Sources include documents from the Ottoman Archives of the Prime Ministry of the State Archives, as well as copyrighted and researched works.

 1914 yılının Kasım ayında Rusların saldırısıyla Osmanlı Devleti Kafkas Doğu cephesini açmıştır. Güney Kafkasya ve Kuzey İrana girerek Rusları çevirmek amacıyla Başkomutan Enver Paşa, 1914 yılının Aralık ayında Türk birlikleriyle Sarıkamış taarruz harekatını başlatmıştır. Bu taarruz harekatı başarısız olurken, 1916da Ruslar Doğu cephesinde taarruza geçerek, Erzurum, Trabzon, Erzincan ve Muşu işgal etmişlerdir. Diğer taraftan, Rusyada 1917 Mart Şubat devrimiyle Bolşevik Hükümetinin Rus sınırları içindeki halklara kendilerini yönetme hakkını tanımasıyla Kuzey Azerbaycanın topraklarında, bağımsız bir devlet kurma yoluna gidilmiştir. 1917 Mart Şubat ihtilalinden sonra Azerbaycanın temsilcileri, Ermeni ve Gürcü temsilciler ile önce Mavera-yı Kafkas Hükümetini birlikte kurmuşlardır. Osmanlı Devleti, Mavera-yı Kafkas Hükümeti ile barış görüşmeleri için 1918 yılında Trabzon ve Batum konferanslarını düzenlemiştir. Trabzon Konferansından sonra Mavera-yı Kafkas Hükümeti, Güney Kafkasya Federal Demokratik Cumhuriyetini ilan etmiştir. Ardından bu yapı dağılmış ve Azerbaycan Halk Cumhuriyeti 28 Mayıs 1918de kurulmuştur. Bu dönemde, Osmanlı Devleti, Azerbaycan topraklarının Rus işgalinden kurtarılması için askeri alanda Kafkas İslam Ordusunu kurmuş ve Azerbaycan Halk Cumhuriyetinin birtakım kurumlarının teşkilatlanmasında yardımcı olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, I. Dünya Savaşı döneminde Osmanlı Devleti ile Azerbaycan arasındaki siyasi ve askeri ilişkiler hakkında bilgi verilecektir. Kaynak olarak, Devlet Arşivleri Başbakanlığı Osmanlı Arşivinin belgeleri ile telif ve tetkik eserlerden faydalanılmıştır.

Makale detayları

MILITARY AND POLITICAL RELATIONS BETWEEN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE AND AZERBAIJAN ACCORDING TO ARCHIVE DOCUMENTS (1914-1918)

Yazarlar:

Mehtap Uçan

Yayıncı:

Ankara University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Dergi:

Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.44 Issue 79, pp.249-288

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001359799

pISSN:

1015-1826

TRANSCAUCASİAN GOVERNMENT

AZERBAİJAN PEOPLE’S REPUBLİC

CAUCASİAN FRONT

EASTERN FRONT

CAUCASİAN ISLAMIC ARMYMAVERA-YI KAFKAS HÜKÜMETİ

AZERBAYCAN HALK CUMHURİYETİ

KAFKAS CEPHESİ

DOĞU CEPHESİ

KAFKAS İSLAM ORDUSU

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Mehtap Uçan

Yayıncı: Ankara University

Ana Başlıklar: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Dergi: Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.44 Issue 79, pp.249-288

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 9/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001359799

pISSN: 1015-1826

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Mehtap Uçan

Yayıncı:

Ankara University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Dergi:

Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.44 Issue 79, pp.249-288

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001359799

pISSN:

1015-1826