Circassians Settled in Six Provinces after the Caucasian Migrations and the Problem of Public Order (1908-1914)

Demet Cansız

Makale detayları

Circassians Settled in Six Provinces after the Caucasian Migrations and the Problem of Public Order (1908-1914)

Yazarlar:

Demet Cansız

Yayıncı:

Ataturk University

Ana Başlıklar:

Uluslararası İlişkiler (Diğer) | Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi | Göç Tarihi | Uluslararası Tarih

Dergi:

Turcology Research Issue 80, pp.381-395

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

5/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001317927

pISSN:

2822-2725

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Circassians started to migrate to the Ottoman Empire due to their wars and struggles against Russia in the 19th century. Starting with the Crimean War from 1853-186, followed by the defeat in 1864, and continued by the Ottoman-Russian War of 1877-1878, the Ottoman Empire experienced migrations that resulted in nearly 3 million people leaving their homes and relocating. In their settlement process, Sublime Porte observed some aspects. In the foreign policy aspect, for security reasons, immigrants were settled in some regions collectively while in other regions they were placed in a scattered manner. Circassians were a tool against the Russians. In domestic policy, they would play an important role in the enforcement of Muslims. By distributing high offices to this militarily and administratively skilled group, it was aimed to surpass the national movements within the empire. Therefore, Circassians were settled in the provinces which were populous with Armenians and Arabs. Thereby Circassians who were settled in Six Provinces, would become an important balance aspect against the Armenians. The desire of the Circassians who were settled in the eastern provinces to maintain their accustomed lifestyle in the region led to the emergence of certain problems during the process of adaptation. After a while, some problems of public order emerged between Armenians, Kurds, and Circassians. This paper deals with the relationships and experiences of the immigrant Circassians who were settled in the Six Provinces with the other groups from the establishment of the First Constitution to World War I.

 Circassians started to migrate to the Ottoman Empire due to their wars and struggles against Russia in the 19th century. Starting with the Crimean War from 1853-186, followed by the defeat in 1864, and continued by the Ottoman-Russian War of 1877-1878, the Ottoman Empire experienced migrations that resulted in nearly 3 million people leaving their homes and relocating. In their settlement process, Sublime Porte observed some aspects. In the foreign policy aspect, for security reasons, immigrants were settled in some regions collectively while in other regions they were placed in a scattered manner. Circassians were a tool against the Russians. In domestic policy, they would play an important role in the enforcement of Muslims. By distributing high offices to this militarily and administratively skilled group, it was aimed to surpass the national movements within the empire. Therefore, Circassians were settled in the provinces which were populous with Armenians and Arabs. Thereby Circassians who were settled in Six Provinces, would become an important balance aspect against the Armenians. The desire of the Circassians who were settled in the eastern provinces to maintain their accustomed lifestyle in the region led to the emergence of certain problems during the process of adaptation. After a while, some problems of public order emerged between Armenians, Kurds, and Circassians. This paper deals with the relationships and experiences of the immigrant Circassians who were settled in the Six Provinces with the other groups from the establishment of the First Constitution to World War I.

 Circassians started to migrate to the Ottoman Empire due to their wars and struggles against Russia in the 19th century. Starting with the Crimean War from 1853-186, followed by the defeat in 1864, and continued by the Ottoman-Russian War of 1877-1878, the Ottoman Empire experienced migrations that resulted in nearly 3 million people leaving their homes and relocating. In their settlement process, Sublime Porte observed some aspects. In the foreign policy aspect, for security reasons, immigrants were settled in some regions collectively while in other regions they were placed in a scattered manner. Circassians were a tool against the Russians. In domestic policy, they would play an important role in the enforcement of Muslims. By distributing high offices to this militarily and administratively skilled group, it was aimed to surpass the national movements within the empire. Therefore, Circassians were settled in the provinces which were populous with Armenians and Arabs. Thereby Circassians who were settled in Six Provinces, would become an important balance aspect against the Armenians. The desire of the Circassians who were settled in the eastern provinces to maintain their accustomed lifestyle in the region led to the emergence of certain problems during the process of adaptation. After a while, some problems of public order emerged between Armenians, Kurds, and Circassians. This paper deals with the relationships and experiences of the immigrant Circassians who were settled in the Six Provinces with the other groups from the establishment of the First Constitution to World War I.

 19. yüzyılda Rusya ile giriştikleri çekişmeler ve savaşlar neticesinde Kafkasyadan sürülen Çerkezler Osmanlı Devletine göç etmeye başladı. 1853-1856 Kırım Savaşıyla başlayan ardından 1864 yenilgisi ve 1877-1878 Osmanlı-Rus Harbi ile devam eden göçler neticesinde Osmanlı Devleti 3 milyona yakın göç aldı. Babıâli göçmenleri iskân politikasında belli başlı hususları göz önünde bulundurdu. Güvenlik sebebiyle göçmenler bazı bölgelere toplu halde iskân edilirken bazı bölgelere ise dağınık vaziyette yerleştirildiler. Çerkezlerin iskân süreci devletin denge siyasetine hizmet edecek şekilde konumlandırılmıştı. Çerkezler dış politikada Rusyaya karşı kullanılabilecek unsurlardı. İç politikada ise Müslüman ahalinin güçlendirilmesinde mühim rol oynayacaklardı. İdarî ve askerî kabiliyeti yüksek olan bu gruba üst düzeyde görevler verilerek imparatorluk içindeki millî hareketlerin bastırılması da hedefleniyordu. Bu maksatla Çerkezlerin, Ermeni ve Arapların yoğun olarak yaşadığı vilayetlerde iskân edilmesi uygun görüldü. Dolayısıyla Vilâyât-ı Sitteye yerleştirilen Çerkezler bölgedeki Ermeni nüfusa karşı bir güç dengesi oluşturacaktı. Fakat doğu vilayetlerinde meskûn edilen Çerkezlerin Kafkasyada alışık olduğu hayat tarzını bölgede devam ettirme isteği adaptasyon sürecinde bazı problemlerin meydana gelmesine neden oldu. Çerkezlerle bölgede yaşayan diğer yerleşik unsurlar olan Ermeniler ve Kürtler arasında bazı asayiş sorunları meydana geldi. Bu makalede II. Meşrutiyetin ilanından I. Dünya Harbi başlangıcına kadar Vilâyât-ı Sitteye yerleştirilen göçmen Çerkezlerin diğer unsurlarla ilişkileri ve yaşadıkları sorunlar, meseleler değerlendirilmeye çalışıldı.

Makale detayları

Circassians Settled in Six Provinces after the Caucasian Migrations and the Problem of Public Order (1908-1914)

Yazarlar:

Demet Cansız

Yayıncı:

Ataturk University

Ana Başlıklar:

Uluslararası İlişkiler (Diğer) | Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi | Göç Tarihi | Uluslararası Tarih

Dergi:

Turcology Research Issue 80, pp.381-395

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

5/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001317927

pISSN:

2822-2725

Circassians

Six Provinces

Immigration and Settlement

Public OrderÇerkezler

Vilâyât-ı Sitte

Göç ve İskân

Asayiş

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Demet Cansız

Yayıncı: Ataturk University

Ana Başlıklar: Uluslararası İlişkiler (Diğer) | Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi | Göç Tarihi | Uluslararası Tarih

Dergi: Turcology Research Issue 80, pp.381-395

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 5/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001317927

pISSN: 2822-2725

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Demet Cansız

Yayıncı:

Ataturk University

Ana Başlıklar:

Uluslararası İlişkiler (Diğer) | Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi | Göç Tarihi | Uluslararası Tarih

Dergi:

Turcology Research Issue 80, pp.381-395

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

5/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001317927

pISSN:

2822-2725