THE ASPECT OF THE CRIME OF REBELLION TO THE POLITICAL POWER SYSTEM (BAGY) IN THE OTTOMAN STATE OF THE TANZIMAT PERIOD

Melikşah Aydın

Makale detayları

THE ASPECT OF THE CRIME OF REBELLION TO THE POLITICAL POWER SYSTEM (BAGY) IN THE OTTOMAN STATE OF THE TANZIMAT PERIOD

Yazarlar:

Melikşah Aydın

Yayıncı:

Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University

Ana Başlıklar:

Hukuk

Dergi:

Yıldırım Beyazıt Hukuk Dergisi Issue 2, pp.35-70

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

7/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001296475

pISSN:

2149-5831

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Bagy crime is one of the most important crime types in Islamic law. Because this crime is a crime directly against the political power order. With this crime, which can be committed by a certain number of people, it is aimed to change or abolish the political power order. Whil determining the elements of bagy crime in Islamic law books, three basic elements have come to the fore. There must be a community that reaches a certain number of rebels. The rebel must have a purpose, namely interpretation, to change or abolish the political power order and rebels must have a certain power menea within an organizational structure. The Ottoman state, which maintained its strict attitude in crimes against the state until the Tanzimat period, systematically included the punishments given to the crime of rebellion in the penal codes with the codification activities in the Tanzimat period. Although there were rules regarding the punishments to be given to those who rebelled against the state in the classical period, in fact, the rules of the codes in the classical period were generally preserved in the penal codes made in the Tanzimat period, which were organized systematically and ha articles like the western penal codes. Such that, while the death penalty was given to those who rebelled against the state or the head of state, that is, the rebels, in the name of siyaseten katl, this punishment was preserved under the name of death by hanging or shooting in the penal codes of the Tanzimat period. The point that distinguishes this study from other studies on bagy crime is that it is the only independent study dealing with the Tanzimat Period of the Ottoman Empire.

 Bagy crime is one of the most important crime types in Islamic law. Because this crime is a crime directly against the political power order. With this crime, which can be committed by a certain number of people, it is aimed to change or abolish the political power order. Whil determining the elements of bagy crime in Islamic law books, three basic elements have come to the fore. There must be a community that reaches a certain number of rebels. The rebel must have a purpose, namely interpretation, to change or abolish the political power order and rebels must have a certain power menea within an organizational structure. The Ottoman state, which maintained its strict attitude in crimes against the state until the Tanzimat period, systematically included the punishments given to the crime of rebellion in the penal codes with the codification activities in the Tanzimat period. Although there were rules regarding the punishments to be given to those who rebelled against the state in the classical period, in fact, the rules of the codes in the classical period were generally preserved in the penal codes made in the Tanzimat period, which were organized systematically and ha articles like the western penal codes. Such that, while the death penalty was given to those who rebelled against the state or the head of state, that is, the rebels, in the name of siyaseten katl, this punishment was preserved under the name of death by hanging or shooting in the penal codes of the Tanzimat period. The point that distinguishes this study from other studies on bagy crime is that it is the only independent study dealing with the Tanzimat Period of the Ottoman Empire.

 Bagy crime is one of the most important crime types in Islamic law. Because this crime is a crime directly against the political power order. With this crime, which can be committed by a certain number of people, it is aimed to change or abolish the political power order. Whil determining the elements of bagy crime in Islamic law books, three basic elements have come to the fore. There must be a community that reaches a certain number of rebels. The rebel must have a purpose, namely interpretation, to change or abolish the political power order and rebels must have a certain power menea within an organizational structure. The Ottoman state, which maintained its strict attitude in crimes against the state until the Tanzimat period, systematically included the punishments given to the crime of rebellion in the penal codes with the codification activities in the Tanzimat period. Although there were rules regarding the punishments to be given to those who rebelled against the state in the classical period, in fact, the rules of the codes in the classical period were generally preserved in the penal codes made in the Tanzimat period, which were organized systematically and ha articles like the western penal codes. Such that, while the death penalty was given to those who rebelled against the state or the head of state, that is, the rebels, in the name of siyaseten katl, this punishment was preserved under the name of death by hanging or shooting in the penal codes of the Tanzimat period. The point that distinguishes this study from other studies on bagy crime is that it is the only independent study dealing with the Tanzimat Period of the Ottoman Empire.

 Bağy suçu İslam hukukundaki suç türleri içinde en önemli olanlardandır. Çünkü bu suç doğrudan siyasi iktidar düzenine yönelik bir suçtur. Siyasi düzeni değiştirmek isteyen belli sayıdaki bir grup kimsenin işleyebileceği bu suç ile, siyasi iktidar düzenini değiştirmek veya ortadan kaldırmak amaçlanmaktadır. İslam hukuku kitaplarında bağy suçunun unsurları belirlenirken isyan eden kimselerin belli bir sayıya ulaşan bir topluluk olması, isyancıların siyasi iktidar düzeni ile ilgili değiştirmek veya ortadan kaldırmak gibi bir amaçlarının yani tevillerini olması ve isyancıların bir örgüt yapısı içinde belirli bir güce sahip olmaları menea olmak üzer üç temel unsur ön plana çıkmıştır. Tanzimat dönemine kadar devlete yönelik suçlarda katı tutumunu sürdüren Osmanlı devleti, Tanzimat dönemindeki kanunlaştırma faaliyetleri ile isyan suçuna verilen cezaları sistematik halde ceza kanunlarına almışlardır. Klasik dönemde de devlete isyan eden kimselere verilecek cezalar ile ilgili hükümler bulunsa da Tanzimat döneminde yapılan, Batılı kanunlar gibi sistematik ve maddeler halinde düzenlenen ceza kanunlarında, aslında klasik dönemdeki kanunnamelerdeki hükümler genel anlamıyla korunmuştur. Öyle ki, devlete veya devlet başkanına isyan fiilinde bulunan kimselere yani isyancılara klasik devirde siyaseten katl yani ölüm cezası veriliyorken, Tanzimat dönemindeki kanunlarda bu ceza asılarak veya kurşuna dizilere idam adı altında aynen korunmuştur. Bu çalışmayı bağy suçu ile ilgili diğer çalışmalardan ayıran nokta Osmanlı Devletinin Tanzimat Dönemini ele alan tek müstakil çalışma olmasıdır.

Makale detayları

THE ASPECT OF THE CRIME OF REBELLION TO THE POLITICAL POWER SYSTEM (BAGY) IN THE OTTOMAN STATE OF THE TANZIMAT PERIOD

Yazarlar:

Melikşah Aydın

Yayıncı:

Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University

Ana Başlıklar:

Hukuk

Dergi:

Yıldırım Beyazıt Hukuk Dergisi Issue 2, pp.35-70

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

7/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001296475

pISSN:

2149-5831

Islamic Law

Ottoman State

Tanzimat Era

political power system

rebellionİslam Hukuku

Osmanlı Devleti

Tanzimat Dönemi

siyasi iktidar düzeni

isyan

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Melikşah Aydın

Yayıncı: Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University

Ana Başlıklar: Hukuk

Dergi: Yıldırım Beyazıt Hukuk Dergisi Issue 2, pp.35-70

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 7/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001296475

pISSN: 2149-5831

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Melikşah Aydın

Yayıncı:

Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University

Ana Başlıklar:

Hukuk

Dergi:

Yıldırım Beyazıt Hukuk Dergisi Issue 2, pp.35-70

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

7/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001296475

pISSN:

2149-5831