TWO ARTICLES ON THE HISTORY OF PHYSICS OF DARULFUNUN'S LECTURER SALİH ZEKİ

Ayşe Kökcü

Makale detayları

TWO ARTICLES ON THE HISTORY OF PHYSICS OF DARULFUNUN'S LECTURER SALİH ZEKİ

Yazarlar:

Ayşe Kökcü

Yayıncı:

Ankara University

Dergi:

Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.63 Issue 1, pp.542-572

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001291111

pISSN:

2459-0150

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Newtonian physics needed an absolute space, an absolute time, and three-dimensional Euclidean geometry that always remained motionless and the same. As the 19th century ended, new theories such as non-Euclidean geometries in mathematics and electric and electromagnetic field theory in physics emerged. On the other hand, developments such as the discovery of radioactivity, x-rays and radio waves could not be explained by existing classical mechanics. Therefore, at the beginning of the 20th century, in the focus of the discussions on the laws of mechanical physics, the basic concepts of physics; There was the question of what the nature of light, matter, heat and energy was. The period in question can be called the transition period from classical physics to modern physics. In this article, the question of what the attitude of Ottoman intellectuals on the principles of mechanical physics in the years before the First World War was, when the polarization and disintegration among physicists was at an extreme, was discussed within the framework of two conferences that Salih Zeki gave in 1916 in Darulfunun. Salih Zeki, who passed away in 1921, was the head of both mathematics and physics departments at Darulfunun, the first university of the Ottoman Empire opened in a modern sense.In this regard, Salih Zeki comes first among the names to be consulted about the reflections of the discussions on mechanical physics in the Ottoman Empire. First, brief information will be given about the physics problems discussed at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. It will be tried to determine the nature, source and finally the value of Salih Zekis conferences in terms of Ottoman science history.

 Newtonian physics needed an absolute space, an absolute time, and three-dimensional Euclidean geometry that always remained motionless and the same. As the 19th century ended, new theories such as non-Euclidean geometries in mathematics and electric and electromagnetic field theory in physics emerged. On the other hand, developments such as the discovery of radioactivity, x-rays and radio waves could not be explained by existing classical mechanics. Therefore, at the beginning of the 20th century, in the focus of the discussions on the laws of mechanical physics, the basic concepts of physics; There was the question of what the nature of light, matter, heat and energy was. The period in question can be called the transition period from classical physics to modern physics. In this article, the question of what the attitude of Ottoman intellectuals on the principles of mechanical physics in the years before the First World War was, when the polarization and disintegration among physicists was at an extreme, was discussed within the framework of two conferences that Salih Zeki gave in 1916 in Darulfunun. Salih Zeki, who passed away in 1921, was the head of both mathematics and physics departments at Darulfunun, the first university of the Ottoman Empire opened in a modern sense.In this regard, Salih Zeki comes first among the names to be consulted about the reflections of the discussions on mechanical physics in the Ottoman Empire. First, brief information will be given about the physics problems discussed at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. It will be tried to determine the nature, source and finally the value of Salih Zekis conferences in terms of Ottoman science history.

 Newtonian physics needed an absolute space, an absolute time, and three-dimensional Euclidean geometry that always remained motionless and the same. As the 19th century ended, new theories such as non-Euclidean geometries in mathematics and electric and electromagnetic field theory in physics emerged. On the other hand, developments such as the discovery of radioactivity, x-rays and radio waves could not be explained by existing classical mechanics. Therefore, at the beginning of the 20th century, in the focus of the discussions on the laws of mechanical physics, the basic concepts of physics; There was the question of what the nature of light, matter, heat and energy was. The period in question can be called the transition period from classical physics to modern physics. In this article, the question of what the attitude of Ottoman intellectuals on the principles of mechanical physics in the years before the First World War was, when the polarization and disintegration among physicists was at an extreme, was discussed within the framework of two conferences that Salih Zeki gave in 1916 in Darulfunun. Salih Zeki, who passed away in 1921, was the head of both mathematics and physics departments at Darulfunun, the first university of the Ottoman Empire opened in a modern sense.In this regard, Salih Zeki comes first among the names to be consulted about the reflections of the discussions on mechanical physics in the Ottoman Empire. First, brief information will be given about the physics problems discussed at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. It will be tried to determine the nature, source and finally the value of Salih Zekis conferences in terms of Ottoman science history.

 Newton fiziği; daima hareketsiz ve aynı kalan mutlak bir mekâna, mutlak bir zamana ve üç boyutlu Öklid geometrisine ihtiyaç duymaktaydı. 19. yüzyıl sona ererken matematik alanında Öklid dışı geometriler, fizik alanında elektrik ve elektromanyetik alan teorisi gibi yeni teorilerin ortaya çıktı. Diğer taraftan; radyoaktivite, x-ışınları ve radyo dalgalarının keşfi gibi gelişmeler mevcut klasik mekanikle açıklanamıyordu. Dolayısıyla 20. yüzyılın başında mekanik fizik yasalarının üzerine yapılan tartışmaların odağında, fiziğin temel kavramları olan; ışık, madde, ısı ve enerjinin mahiyetinin ne olduğu sorusu bulunmaktaydı. Söz konusu dönem, klasik fizikten modern fiziğe geçiş dönemi olarak adlandırılabilir. Bu makalede fizikçiler arasında kutuplaşmanın ve ayrışmanın had safhada olduğu 1. Dünya Savaşı öncesi yıllarda, mekanik fizik ilkeleri konusunda Osmanlı aydınlarının tutumunun ne olduğu sorusu Salih Zekinin 1916 yılında Dârülfünûnda vermiş olduğu iki konferans çerçevesinde ele alınmıştır. Osmanlının modern anlamda açılmış ilk üniversitesi olan Dârülfünûnda hem matematik hem de fizik bölümlerinin başında olan isim, 1921 yılında vefat eden Salih Zekidir. Bu münasebetle mekanik fizik üzerine tartışmaların Osmanlıda yansımaları hakkında başvurulacak isimler arasında ilk sırada Salih Zeki gelmektedir. Öncelikle 19. yüzyılın sonu ve 20. yüzyılın başı itibariyle tartışılan fizik problemleri hakkında kısaca bilgi verilecektir. Sonrasında Salih Zekinin konferanslarının mahiyeti, kaynağı ve son olarak Osmanlı bilim tarihi açısından değeri tespit edilmeye çalışılacaktır.

Makale detayları

TWO ARTICLES ON THE HISTORY OF PHYSICS OF DARULFUNUN'S LECTURER SALİH ZEKİ

Yazarlar:

Ayşe Kökcü

Yayıncı:

Ankara University

Dergi:

Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.63 Issue 1, pp.542-572

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001291111

pISSN:

2459-0150

Salih Zeki

Dârülfünûn

Bilim Tarihi

Fizik Tarihi ve Felsefesi

Mekanik Tarihi

History of Science

History and Philosophy of Physics

History of MechanicsSalih Zeki

Dârülfünûn

Bilim Tarihi

Fizik Tarihi ve Felsefesi

Mekanik Tarihi

History of Science

History and Philosophy of Physics

History of Mechanics

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Ayşe Kökcü

Yayıncı: Ankara University

Dergi: Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.63 Issue 1, pp.542-572

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001291111

pISSN: 2459-0150

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Ayşe Kökcü

Yayıncı:

Ankara University

Dergi:

Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.63 Issue 1, pp.542-572

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001291111

pISSN:

2459-0150