Protections for the Portion Reserved Against Marital Property Agreements and an Evaluation of the Amendments Relevant to the Swiss Civil Code

Kemal Erdoğan

Makale detayları

Protections for the Portion Reserved Against Marital Property Agreements and an Evaluation of the Amendments Relevant to the Swiss Civil Code

Yazarlar:

Kemal Erdoğan

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Environmental Law

Dergi:

İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası Vol.81 Issue 2, pp.377-410

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

2/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001304483

pISSN:

2636-7734

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 According to Paragraph 1 from Article 202 of the Turkish Civil Code TCC, the shared re-gime in acquired property is essential. However, spouses may accept one of the types of marital property regimes legally regulated through a marital property agreement, or they may make changes to the provisions of these limited number of regimes. In this case, the issue comes to the fore of whether priority should be given to the marital property agreement or to protecting the reserved portion. The basic principle accepted by Turkish legislation is that any marital property agreement concluded between spouses takes precedence over the interests of heirs with a reserved share. While Section II under Article 237 of the TCC protects the reserved share of non-common children and their descendants against marital property agreements in which a different principle regarding the shares of the residual value have been accepted, Section III under Article 276 of the TCC protects the offspring familys reserved shares against property regime agreements regarding any other manner of distributing a partnership property. Both provisions have been criticized doctrinally on the grounds that they disrupt equality among heirs with reserved shares. On the other hand, a revision was made in the field of inheritance law in Switzerland, and these provisions entered into force on January 1, 2023. The revision amends and supplements part of the provisions included in Article 216 and 241 of the Swiss Civil Code SCC. In light of these changes, the need has arisen to reconsider the issue.

 According to Paragraph 1 from Article 202 of the Turkish Civil Code TCC, the shared re-gime in acquired property is essential. However, spouses may accept one of the types of marital property regimes legally regulated through a marital property agreement, or they may make changes to the provisions of these limited number of regimes. In this case, the issue comes to the fore of whether priority should be given to the marital property agreement or to protecting the reserved portion. The basic principle accepted by Turkish legislation is that any marital property agreement concluded between spouses takes precedence over the interests of heirs with a reserved share. While Section II under Article 237 of the TCC protects the reserved share of non-common children and their descendants against marital property agreements in which a different principle regarding the shares of the residual value have been accepted, Section III under Article 276 of the TCC protects the offspring familys reserved shares against property regime agreements regarding any other manner of distributing a partnership property. Both provisions have been criticized doctrinally on the grounds that they disrupt equality among heirs with reserved shares. On the other hand, a revision was made in the field of inheritance law in Switzerland, and these provisions entered into force on January 1, 2023. The revision amends and supplements part of the provisions included in Article 216 and 241 of the Swiss Civil Code SCC. In light of these changes, the need has arisen to reconsider the issue.

 According to Paragraph 1 from Article 202 of the Turkish Civil Code TCC, the shared re-gime in acquired property is essential. However, spouses may accept one of the types of marital property regimes legally regulated through a marital property agreement, or they may make changes to the provisions of these limited number of regimes. In this case, the issue comes to the fore of whether priority should be given to the marital property agreement or to protecting the reserved portion. The basic principle accepted by Turkish legislation is that any marital property agreement concluded between spouses takes precedence over the interests of heirs with a reserved share. While Section II under Article 237 of the TCC protects the reserved share of non-common children and their descendants against marital property agreements in which a different principle regarding the shares of the residual value have been accepted, Section III under Article 276 of the TCC protects the offspring familys reserved shares against property regime agreements regarding any other manner of distributing a partnership property. Both provisions have been criticized doctrinally on the grounds that they disrupt equality among heirs with reserved shares. On the other hand, a revision was made in the field of inheritance law in Switzerland, and these provisions entered into force on January 1, 2023. The revision amends and supplements part of the provisions included in Article 216 and 241 of the Swiss Civil Code SCC. In light of these changes, the need has arisen to reconsider the issue.

 Türk Medenî Kanununun 202nci maddesinin birinci fıkrasına göre, eşler arasında edinilmiş mallara katılma rejiminin uygulanması asıldır. Ne var ki, eşler evlenmeden önce veya sonra yapacakları bir mal rejimi sözleşmesiyle kanunda düzenlenen mal rejimi türlerinden birisini kabul edebilecekleri gibi, sınırlı sayıdaki bu rejimlerin hükümlerinde kanunun izin verdiği ölçüde değişiklikler de yapabilirler TMK m 203. Yapılan mal rejimi sözleşmelerinin terekenin belirlenmesine, dolayısıyla da mirasçıların miras ve saklı paylarına, ciddi orada etkisi bulunmaktadır. Bu durumda, mal rejimi sözleşmesine mi yoksa saklı payın korunmasına mı öncelik verilmesi gerektiği gündeme gelmektedir. Türk kanun koyucusunun kabul ettiği temel ilke, eşler arasında akdedilen mal rejimi sözleşmelerinin saklı paylı mirasçıların menfaatlerinden önce gelmesidir. Temel ilke bu olmakla birlikte, iki istisnai hâlde TMK m 237II ve TMK m 276III, mal rejimi sözleşmelerinin bazı mirasçıların saklı payını zedeleyemeyeceği öngörülmüştür. TMK m 237II hükmünde artık değere katılmaya ilişkin farklı bir esasın kabul edildiği mal rejimi sözleşmelerine karşı ortak olmayan çocukların ve onların altsoylarının saklı payları koruma altına alınmışken; TMK m 276III hükmünde ortaklık mallarının farklı bir biçimde paylaşılmasına ilişkin mal rejimi sözleşmelerine karşı altsoyun saklı payı koruma altına alınmıştır. Her iki hüküm de saklı paylı mirasçılar arasında eşitliği bozduğu gerekçesiyle öğretide eleştirilmektedir. Öte yandan, İsviçrede miras hukuku alanında bir revizyon yapılmış olup, bu hükümler 1 Ocak 2023 tarihinde yürürlüğe girmiştir. Revizyon kapsamında değişiklik ve ek yapılan hükümler arasında ZGB Art 216 ve ZGB Art 241 hükümleri de bulunmaktadır. Bunlardan ZGB Art 216 hükmü, TMK m 237 hükmüne; ZGB Art 241 hükmü ise, TMK m 276 hükmüne karşılık gelmektedir. Bu değişiklikler ışığında konunun yeniden ele alınması zarureti doğmuştur.

Makale detayları

Protections for the Portion Reserved Against Marital Property Agreements and an Evaluation of the Amendments Relevant to the Swiss Civil Code

Yazarlar:

Kemal Erdoğan

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Environmental Law

Dergi:

İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası Vol.81 Issue 2, pp.377-410

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

2/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001304483

pISSN:

2636-7734

Marital Property Agreement

Protections for Reserved Shares

Action in Abatement

Non-Common Child

Swiss Inheritance Law RevisionsMal Rejimi Sözleşmesi

Saklı Payın Korunması

Tenkis Davası

Ortak Olmayan Çocuk

İsviçre Miras Hukuku Revizyonu

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Kemal Erdoğan

Yayıncı: Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar: Environmental Law

Dergi: İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası Vol.81 Issue 2, pp.377-410

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 2/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001304483

pISSN: 2636-7734

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Kemal Erdoğan

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Environmental Law

Dergi:

İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası Vol.81 Issue 2, pp.377-410

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

2/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001304483

pISSN:

2636-7734