Applicable Law to Individual Employment Contracts Containing Foreign Elements According to Supreme Court Decisions

Fatih Serbest

Makale detayları

Applicable Law to Individual Employment Contracts Containing Foreign Elements According to Supreme Court Decisions

Yazarlar:

Fatih Serbest

Yayıncı:

Cukurova University

Ana Başlıklar:

İş Hukuku

Dergi:

Çukurova Üniversitesi Hukuk Araştırmaları Dergisi Issue 4, pp.135-160

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001296006

pISSN:

2822-4809

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Which countrys law should be applied to disputes arising from individual employment contracts containing foreign elements is regulated in Article 27 of the Law No. 5718 on Private International Law and Procedural Law in Türkiye. However, in its decisions before 2020, the Supreme Court ruled that, taking into account the mandatory nature of labour law, Turkish Law should be applied in accordance with PILA 274 when the law chosen by the parties restricts the rights of the employee in Turkish Law. In its decisions after 2020, it has consistently stated that the law chosen in accordance with PILA 271 is valid and that this choice should be respected, provided that the mandatory provisions of the employees habitual residence law are reserved. In the decisions, it is decided that if a choice of law has been made by the parties, no legal research is needed to establish which countries more closely related to the contract in accordance with PILA 274. However, some Regional Courts of Justice still, for various reasons, resist the decisions of the 9th Civil Chamber of the Supreme Court of Appeals that the parties choice of law should be respected and decide that Turkish Law should be applied as the most closely related law. The General Assembly of the Supreme Court of Appeals evaluated this issue in detail in the decisions published on 10.05.2023. This paper will analyse the differences of opinions between the Supreme Court Decisions and Regional Courts Decisions by reviewing the decision of the General Assembly of Law which contains detailed analysis. This paper will also cite doctrinal discussion and academic studies carried out in this field in which the author will present its own opinions and suggestions.

 Which countrys law should be applied to disputes arising from individual employment contracts containing foreign elements is regulated in Article 27 of the Law No. 5718 on Private International Law and Procedural Law in Türkiye. However, in its decisions before 2020, the Supreme Court ruled that, taking into account the mandatory nature of labour law, Turkish Law should be applied in accordance with PILA 274 when the law chosen by the parties restricts the rights of the employee in Turkish Law. In its decisions after 2020, it has consistently stated that the law chosen in accordance with PILA 271 is valid and that this choice should be respected, provided that the mandatory provisions of the employees habitual residence law are reserved. In the decisions, it is decided that if a choice of law has been made by the parties, no legal research is needed to establish which countries more closely related to the contract in accordance with PILA 274. However, some Regional Courts of Justice still, for various reasons, resist the decisions of the 9th Civil Chamber of the Supreme Court of Appeals that the parties choice of law should be respected and decide that Turkish Law should be applied as the most closely related law. The General Assembly of the Supreme Court of Appeals evaluated this issue in detail in the decisions published on 10.05.2023. This paper will analyse the differences of opinions between the Supreme Court Decisions and Regional Courts Decisions by reviewing the decision of the General Assembly of Law which contains detailed analysis. This paper will also cite doctrinal discussion and academic studies carried out in this field in which the author will present its own opinions and suggestions.

 Which countrys law should be applied to disputes arising from individual employment contracts containing foreign elements is regulated in Article 27 of the Law No. 5718 on Private International Law and Procedural Law in Türkiye. However, in its decisions before 2020, the Supreme Court ruled that, taking into account the mandatory nature of labour law, Turkish Law should be applied in accordance with PILA 274 when the law chosen by the parties restricts the rights of the employee in Turkish Law. In its decisions after 2020, it has consistently stated that the law chosen in accordance with PILA 271 is valid and that this choice should be respected, provided that the mandatory provisions of the employees habitual residence law are reserved. In the decisions, it is decided that if a choice of law has been made by the parties, no legal research is needed to establish which countries more closely related to the contract in accordance with PILA 274. However, some Regional Courts of Justice still, for various reasons, resist the decisions of the 9th Civil Chamber of the Supreme Court of Appeals that the parties choice of law should be respected and decide that Turkish Law should be applied as the most closely related law. The General Assembly of the Supreme Court of Appeals evaluated this issue in detail in the decisions published on 10.05.2023. This paper will analyse the differences of opinions between the Supreme Court Decisions and Regional Courts Decisions by reviewing the decision of the General Assembly of Law which contains detailed analysis. This paper will also cite doctrinal discussion and academic studies carried out in this field in which the author will present its own opinions and suggestions.

 Yabancılık unsuru içeren bireysel iş sözleşmelerinden doğan uyuşmazlıklara hangi ülke hukukunun uygulanması gerektiği, Türkiyede 5718 sayılı Milletlerarası Özel Hukuk ve Usul Hukuku Hakkında Kanunun 27. maddesinde düzenlenmiştir. Ancak Yargıtay 2020 tarihinden önceki kararlarında iş hukukunun emredici niteliğini dikkate alarak, taraflarca seçilen hukukun, işçinin Türk hukukundaki haklarını kısıtlaması söz konusu olduğunda MÖHUK m. 274 uyarınca Türk hukukunun uygulanması gerektiğine hükmetmekteydi. 2020 yılından sonraki karalarında ise istikrarlı olarak MÖHUK m. 271 uyarınca seçilen hukukun geçerli olduğunu ve işçinin mutad işyeri hukukunun emredici hükümleri saklı kalmak koşuluyla bu tercihe saygı duymak gerektiğini belirtmiştir. Anılan karalarda, taraflarca bir hukuk seçimi yapılmış ise, MÖHUK m. 274te belirtilen akitle daha sıkı ilişkili hukuk araştırmasına yapılmayacağına karar vermektedir. Bununla birlikte bazı Bölge Adliye Mahkemeleri hala çeşitli gerekçelerle Yargıtay 9. Hukuk Dairesinin tarafların hukuk seçimine uyulması gerektiği karalarına karşı direnerek Türk hukukunun en sıkı ilişkili hukuk olarak uygulanması gerektiğine karar vermektedir. Yargıtay Hukuk Genel Kurulu 10.05.2023 tarihinde yayınladığı kararda bu konuyu enine boyuna değerlendirmiştir. Çalışmamızda, Yüksek Mahkeme Karaları arasında farklılıklara ve Hukuk Genel Kurulunun detaylı analizler içeren kararına yer verilecek olup, öğretide bu alanda yapılan çalışmalara atıf yapılarak kendi görüş ve önerilerimiz sunulacaktır.

Makale detayları

Applicable Law to Individual Employment Contracts Containing Foreign Elements According to Supreme Court Decisions

Yazarlar:

Fatih Serbest

Yayıncı:

Cukurova University

Ana Başlıklar:

İş Hukuku

Dergi:

Çukurova Üniversitesi Hukuk Araştırmaları Dergisi Issue 4, pp.135-160

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001296006

pISSN:

2822-4809

Conflict of laws

Foreignness element

Law applicable to individual employment contracts

Choice of law

Employee

Closer relationship with the employment contract

Law No. 5718 on Private International Law and Procedural Law

Turkish PILA art. 27.Kanunlar ihtilafı

Yabancılık unsuru

Bireysel iş sözleşmelerine uygulanacak hukuk

Hukuk seçimi

İşçinin mutad işyeri

İş sözleşmesiyle daha sıkı ilişki

5718 sayılı Milletlerarası Özel Hukuk ve Usul Hukuku Hakkında Kanun

MÖHUK m. 27

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Fatih Serbest

Yayıncı: Cukurova University

Ana Başlıklar: İş Hukuku

Dergi: Çukurova Üniversitesi Hukuk Araştırmaları Dergisi Issue 4, pp.135-160

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 12/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001296006

pISSN: 2822-4809

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Fatih Serbest

Yayıncı:

Cukurova University

Ana Başlıklar:

İş Hukuku

Dergi:

Çukurova Üniversitesi Hukuk Araştırmaları Dergisi Issue 4, pp.135-160

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001296006

pISSN:

2822-4809