DETERMINATION OF THE CODE GOVERNING THE EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT OF AUTONOMOUS SHIP REMOTE CONTROL CENTER PERSONNEL UNDER TURKISH LAW

İlknur Uluğ Cicim; İrem Banu Başer Öcal

Makale detayları

DETERMINATION OF THE CODE GOVERNING THE EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT OF AUTONOMOUS SHIP REMOTE CONTROL CENTER PERSONNEL UNDER TURKISH LAW

Yazarlar:

İlknur Uluğ Cicim | İrem Banu Başer Öcal

Yayıncı:

Dokuz Eylul University

Ana Başlıklar:

İş ve Sosyal Güvenlik Hukuku

Dergi:

Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.27 Issue 1, pp.511-540

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

5/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001349289

pISSN:

1303-6963

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Autonomous ships are emerging due to the drive to increase efficiency in the maritime sector, reduce accidents caused by human error, and lower operational costs. The rapid advancement of technology and developments in areas such as sensors and artificial intelligence have made the maturation and testing of autonomous ship technology possible. With these developments, the use of autonomous ships is becoming increasingly widespread, heralding a new era in maritime transport. Autonomous ship remote control centers play a critical role in this new system, ensuring safe and efficient operations by undertaking the tasks of remotely monitoring, controlling, and intervening when necessary. Whether personnel subject to Turkish law working at an autonomous ship remote control center are subject to which labor law depends on whether their work is classified as maritime transport work and the location of the remote control center. This has critical consequences for the rights arising from the employment relationship.If the work being performed is not considered maritime transport work, Labor Code No. 4857 will apply to the remote control center personnel. However, if the work being performed is considered maritime transport work, Maritime Labor Code No. 854 or Turkish Code of Obligations No. 6098, which contains general provisions regarding service contracts, will apply. Although autonomous ships are not yet widely used in Türkiye, the outcome of this study has revealed the necessity of discussing to what extent the current labor legislation can respond to new technological developments.

 Autonomous ships are emerging due to the drive to increase efficiency in the maritime sector, reduce accidents caused by human error, and lower operational costs. The rapid advancement of technology and developments in areas such as sensors and artificial intelligence have made the maturation and testing of autonomous ship technology possible. With these developments, the use of autonomous ships is becoming increasingly widespread, heralding a new era in maritime transport. Autonomous ship remote control centers play a critical role in this new system, ensuring safe and efficient operations by undertaking the tasks of remotely monitoring, controlling, and intervening when necessary. Whether personnel subject to Turkish law working at an autonomous ship remote control center are subject to which labor law depends on whether their work is classified as maritime transport work and the location of the remote control center. This has critical consequences for the rights arising from the employment relationship.If the work being performed is not considered maritime transport work, Labor Code No. 4857 will apply to the remote control center personnel. However, if the work being performed is considered maritime transport work, Maritime Labor Code No. 854 or Turkish Code of Obligations No. 6098, which contains general provisions regarding service contracts, will apply. Although autonomous ships are not yet widely used in Türkiye, the outcome of this study has revealed the necessity of discussing to what extent the current labor legislation can respond to new technological developments.

 Autonomous ships are emerging due to the drive to increase efficiency in the maritime sector, reduce accidents caused by human error, and lower operational costs. The rapid advancement of technology and developments in areas such as sensors and artificial intelligence have made the maturation and testing of autonomous ship technology possible. With these developments, the use of autonomous ships is becoming increasingly widespread, heralding a new era in maritime transport. Autonomous ship remote control centers play a critical role in this new system, ensuring safe and efficient operations by undertaking the tasks of remotely monitoring, controlling, and intervening when necessary. Whether personnel subject to Turkish law working at an autonomous ship remote control center are subject to which labor law depends on whether their work is classified as maritime transport work and the location of the remote control center. This has critical consequences for the rights arising from the employment relationship.If the work being performed is not considered maritime transport work, Labor Code No. 4857 will apply to the remote control center personnel. However, if the work being performed is considered maritime transport work, Maritime Labor Code No. 854 or Turkish Code of Obligations No. 6098, which contains general provisions regarding service contracts, will apply. Although autonomous ships are not yet widely used in Türkiye, the outcome of this study has revealed the necessity of discussing to what extent the current labor legislation can respond to new technological developments.

 Otonom gemilerin ortaya çıkışı, denizcilik sektöründe verimliliği artırma, insan hatalarından kaynaklanan kazaları azaltma ve operasyonel maliyetleri düşürme arayışının bir sonucudur. Teknolojinin hızla ilerlemesi, sensörler, ya-pay zekâ gibi alanlardaki gelişmeler, otonom gemi teknolojisinin olgunlaşmasını ve test edilmesini mümkün kılmıştır. Bu gelişmelerle birlikte, otonom gemilerin kullanımı giderek yaygınlaşmakta ve deniz taşımacılığında yeni bir çağ başlat-maktadır. Otonom gemi uzaktan kontrol merkezleriyse bu yeni sistemde kritik bir rol oynamakta; gemilerin uzaktan izlenmesi, kontrol edilmesi ve gerektiğinde müdahale edilmesi görevlerini üstlenerek güvenli ve etkin operasyonları sağlamaktadır. Otonom gemi uzaktan kontrol merkezinde, operasyonların yürütümünde görev alan personelin Türk Hukukuna tabi bir iş sözleşmesiyle çalışması halinde, hangi iş kanununa tabi olduğu, yaptığı işin deniz taşıma işi olarak nitelendirilmesine ve uzaktan kontrol merkezinin bulunduğu konuma bağlıdır ve bu durum iş ilişkisinden kaynaklanan haklar açısından kritik sonuçlar doğurur. Yapılan iş deniz taşıma işi olarak kabul edilmezse, uzaktan kontrol merkezi personeline 4857 sayılı İş Kanunu uygulanacaktır. Yapılan iş, deniz taşıma işi olarak kabul edilirse, 854 sayılı Deniz İş Kanunu veya hizmet sözleşmesine ilişkin genel hükümler içeren 6098 sayılı Türk Borçlar Kanunu uygulanacaktır. Çalışmada henüz Türkiyede yaygın olarak otonom gemi kullanımı olmasa da mevcut iş hukuku mevzuatının yeni teknolojik gelişmelere ne ölçüde cevap verebileceği değerlendirilmiştir.

Makale detayları

DETERMINATION OF THE CODE GOVERNING THE EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT OF AUTONOMOUS SHIP REMOTE CONTROL CENTER PERSONNEL UNDER TURKISH LAW

Yazarlar:

İlknur Uluğ Cicim | İrem Banu Başer Öcal

Yayıncı:

Dokuz Eylul University

Ana Başlıklar:

İş ve Sosyal Güvenlik Hukuku

Dergi:

Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.27 Issue 1, pp.511-540

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

5/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001349289

pISSN:

1303-6963

Autonomous ships

remote control center

Turkish Labour Code

maritime transport work

Turkish Maritime Labor CodeOtonom gemiler

uzaktan kontrol merkezi

İş Kanunu

deniz taşıma işi

Deniz İş Kanunu

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: İlknur Uluğ Cicim | İrem Banu Başer Öcal

Yayıncı: Dokuz Eylul University

Ana Başlıklar: İş ve Sosyal Güvenlik Hukuku

Dergi: Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.27 Issue 1, pp.511-540

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 5/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001349289

pISSN: 1303-6963

Sayı

Yazarlar:

İlknur Uluğ Cicim | İrem Banu Başer Öcal

Yayıncı:

Dokuz Eylul University

Ana Başlıklar:

İş ve Sosyal Güvenlik Hukuku

Dergi:

Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.27 Issue 1, pp.511-540

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

5/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001349289

pISSN:

1303-6963