Analysis of Urbanization-Oriented Disaster Policies in Türkiye Between 1923-2023

Melike Kalkan

Makale detayları

Analysis of Urbanization-Oriented Disaster Policies in Türkiye Between 1923-2023

Yazarlar:

Melike Kalkan

Yayıncı:

Ahmet FİDAN

Ana Başlıklar:

Afet Yardım Mimarisi

Dergi:

Kent Akademisi Vol.16 Issue Türkiye Cumhuriyetinin 100. Yılı Özel Sayısı | Special Issue for the 100th Anniversary of the Republic of Türkiye, pp.544-558

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001298414

pISSN:

2146-9229

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 As Türkiye is affected by various disasters due to its geographical location, steps are being taken for risk reduction policies on an urban scale against these disasters. The phenomenon of urbanization, which started with the Industrial Revolution, has come to include laws and regulations regarding disaster management over the years. The material and moral destruction caused by the 1999 Marmara earthquake and the February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaraş earthquake in Türkiyes history show the need to re-examine disaster management policies that have been going on for years. In this context, the main topic of the study is the analysis of the impact of the studies carried out for disaster-resistant cities on the urbanization process over time. The study considers the period starting with the Proclamation of the Republic in 1923. It examines the laws and regulations put into effect until 2023, the disasters experienced, the damages they caused, and the work done after the disaster. The relationship between disaster and studies on disaster and their impact on the urbanization process has been analyzed under four main period headings. As a result of examining the effect of disaster management policies implemented in the last hundred years on the country, it is important to consider the long-term effects of future works within the scope of urbanization to revise the architectural perspective in building design towards disaster and to ensure that the control mechanism operates following the relevant regulations. It is also recommended that the laws that will be put into effect in the future should be sustainable and applicable and provide the potential to become a city resilient to possible disasters together with the relevant stakeholders.

 As Türkiye is affected by various disasters due to its geographical location, steps are being taken for risk reduction policies on an urban scale against these disasters. The phenomenon of urbanization, which started with the Industrial Revolution, has come to include laws and regulations regarding disaster management over the years. The material and moral destruction caused by the 1999 Marmara earthquake and the February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaraş earthquake in Türkiyes history show the need to re-examine disaster management policies that have been going on for years. In this context, the main topic of the study is the analysis of the impact of the studies carried out for disaster-resistant cities on the urbanization process over time. The study considers the period starting with the Proclamation of the Republic in 1923. It examines the laws and regulations put into effect until 2023, the disasters experienced, the damages they caused, and the work done after the disaster. The relationship between disaster and studies on disaster and their impact on the urbanization process has been analyzed under four main period headings. As a result of examining the effect of disaster management policies implemented in the last hundred years on the country, it is important to consider the long-term effects of future works within the scope of urbanization to revise the architectural perspective in building design towards disaster and to ensure that the control mechanism operates following the relevant regulations. It is also recommended that the laws that will be put into effect in the future should be sustainable and applicable and provide the potential to become a city resilient to possible disasters together with the relevant stakeholders.

 As Türkiye is affected by various disasters due to its geographical location, steps are being taken for risk reduction policies on an urban scale against these disasters. The phenomenon of urbanization, which started with the Industrial Revolution, has come to include laws and regulations regarding disaster management over the years. The material and moral destruction caused by the 1999 Marmara earthquake and the February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaraş earthquake in Türkiyes history show the need to re-examine disaster management policies that have been going on for years. In this context, the main topic of the study is the analysis of the impact of the studies carried out for disaster-resistant cities on the urbanization process over time. The study considers the period starting with the Proclamation of the Republic in 1923. It examines the laws and regulations put into effect until 2023, the disasters experienced, the damages they caused, and the work done after the disaster. The relationship between disaster and studies on disaster and their impact on the urbanization process has been analyzed under four main period headings. As a result of examining the effect of disaster management policies implemented in the last hundred years on the country, it is important to consider the long-term effects of future works within the scope of urbanization to revise the architectural perspective in building design towards disaster and to ensure that the control mechanism operates following the relevant regulations. It is also recommended that the laws that will be put into effect in the future should be sustainable and applicable and provide the potential to become a city resilient to possible disasters together with the relevant stakeholders.

 Türkiyenin coğrafi konumu itibari ile çeşitli afetlerden etkilenmesi ile birlikte bu afetlere karşı kentsel ölçekte risk azaltma politikaları için adımlar atılmaktadır. Sanayi Devrimiyle başlayan kentleşme olgusu, yıllar içerisinde afet yönetimi ile ilgili yürürlüğe konulan kanun ve yönetmelikleri bünyesinde barındırır hale gelmiştir. Türkiye tarihinde yaşanan 1999 Marmara depremi ve 6 Şubat 2023 Kahramanmaraş depremlerinin neden olduğu maddi ve manevi yıkımlar, yıllardır devam eden afet yönetim politikalarının yeniden incelenmesi gerekliliğini göstermektedir. Bu kapsamda afetlere karşı dirençli kent olgusu amacıyla yapılan çalışmaların zaman içerisindeki kentleşme sürecine etkisinin analizi çalışmanın ana konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma, 1923 yılında Cumhuriyetin ilan edilmesi ile başlayan dönemi başlangıç kabul ederek 2023 yılına kadar yürürlüğe konulan kanun ve yönetmelikler, yaşanan afetler ve verdiği zararlar, afet sonrası yapılan çalışmaları bir bütün halinde incelenmektedir. Afet ve afet üzerine yapılan çalışmaların birbiri arasındaki ilişki ve kentleşme sürecine etkisi, dört ana dönem başlığı altında analiz edilmiştir. Son yüz yılda yürütülen afet yönetim politikalarının ülke üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi sonucunda, gelecekte yapılacak olan çalışmaların kentleşme kapsamında uzun vadedeki etkilerinin göz önünde bulundurulması, yapı tasarımında mimari bakış açısının afete yönelik revize edilmesi ve denetim mekanizmasının ilgili yönetmeliklere uygun işlemesi önem taşımaktadır. Ayrıca ilerleyen süreçlerde yürürlüğe konulacak olan kanun ve yönetmeliklerin sürdürülebilir mahiyette uygulanabilir olması ve ilgili paydaşlar ile birlikte olası afetlere karşı dirençli bir kent olma potansiyelini sağlaması önerilmektedir.

Makale detayları

Analysis of Urbanization-Oriented Disaster Policies in Türkiye Between 1923-2023

Yazarlar:

Melike Kalkan

Yayıncı:

Ahmet FİDAN

Ana Başlıklar:

Afet Yardım Mimarisi

Dergi:

Kent Akademisi Vol.16 Issue Türkiye Cumhuriyetinin 100. Yılı Özel Sayısı | Special Issue for the 100th Anniversary of the Republic of Türkiye, pp.544-558

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001298414

pISSN:

2146-9229

Disaster

Urbanization

disaster planning

planning legislation

disaster managementAfet

Kentleşme

afet planlaması

planlama mevzuatı

afet yönetimi

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Melike Kalkan

Yayıncı: Ahmet FİDAN

Ana Başlıklar: Afet Yardım Mimarisi

Dergi: Kent Akademisi Vol.16 Issue Türkiye Cumhuriyetinin 100. Yılı Özel Sayısı | Special Issue for the 100th Anniversary of the Republic of Türkiye, pp.544-558

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 10/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001298414

pISSN: 2146-9229

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Melike Kalkan

Yayıncı:

Ahmet FİDAN

Ana Başlıklar:

Afet Yardım Mimarisi

Dergi:

Kent Akademisi Vol.16 Issue Türkiye Cumhuriyetinin 100. Yılı Özel Sayısı | Special Issue for the 100th Anniversary of the Republic of Türkiye, pp.544-558

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001298414

pISSN:

2146-9229