ANNOTATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT AND LEGAL CONSEQUENCES IN CASES OF WAIVING SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE AND CLAIMING COMPENSATION FOR POSITIVE DAMAGES DUE TO CONTRACTOR’S DEFAULT

Murat Doğan; Burak Yakan

Makale detayları

ANNOTATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT AND LEGAL CONSEQUENCES IN CASES OF WAIVING SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE AND CLAIMING COMPENSATION FOR POSITIVE DAMAGES DUE TO CONTRACTOR’S DEFAULT

Yazarlar:

Murat Doğan | Burak Yakan

Yayıncı:

Akdeniz University

Ana Başlıklar:

Sözleşme Hukuku

Dergi:

Akdeniz Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.14 Issue 2, pp.1299-1344

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

1/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001339004

pISSN:

2147-3854

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 A development agreement in exchange for a share of the land possesses the characteristic of a hybrid, dual-type contract among unnamed contracts. The legal basis for the annotation of rights derived from this unnamed contract in the land registry was first established in the Turkish Civil Code. The right to claim, being a relative right, can only be asserted against the parties to the contract. With the annotation of the relative right to the land registry, its effect is strengthened and it becomes assertable against third parties who will have rights in the registry, other than the parties to the contract. Therefore, with the annotation of the personal right to the land registry, the creditor who has the right is protected against the disposals to be made by the immovable property owner who has the absolute right. In the context of such a development agreement, the landowner has several elective rights against the contractor who defaults due to the owners negligence. One of these rights includes waiving specific performance in favor of claiming compensation for positive damages. This request of the landowner does not abolish the existing legal relationship, but it changes its content, therefore it is a right that gives rise to modification. When such compensation is claimed, it must be determined whether the landowner can demand the actual constructed units or their monetary value. Additionally, how the claim for compensation of positive damages affects its annotation in the land registry is another significant issue that requires attention. This study primarily focuses on which personal rights arising from the development agreement can be annotated, what interests this annotation protects, and which party benefits from this protection. Subsequently, the conditions, duration, rulings, and outcomes of such annotations are analyzed. Later, when a landowner claims compensation for positive damages from a delinquent contractor, the scope of these damages is defined, and theories regarding the methods of remedying the damages are discussed. In this context, depending on whether the exchange or difference theory is selected, the legal status of the registry entry is determined in light of doctrinal views and judicial decisions.

 A development agreement in exchange for a share of the land possesses the characteristic of a hybrid, dual-type contract among unnamed contracts. The legal basis for the annotation of rights derived from this unnamed contract in the land registry was first established in the Turkish Civil Code. The right to claim, being a relative right, can only be asserted against the parties to the contract. With the annotation of the relative right to the land registry, its effect is strengthened and it becomes assertable against third parties who will have rights in the registry, other than the parties to the contract. Therefore, with the annotation of the personal right to the land registry, the creditor who has the right is protected against the disposals to be made by the immovable property owner who has the absolute right. In the context of such a development agreement, the landowner has several elective rights against the contractor who defaults due to the owners negligence. One of these rights includes waiving specific performance in favor of claiming compensation for positive damages. This request of the landowner does not abolish the existing legal relationship, but it changes its content, therefore it is a right that gives rise to modification. When such compensation is claimed, it must be determined whether the landowner can demand the actual constructed units or their monetary value. Additionally, how the claim for compensation of positive damages affects its annotation in the land registry is another significant issue that requires attention. This study primarily focuses on which personal rights arising from the development agreement can be annotated, what interests this annotation protects, and which party benefits from this protection. Subsequently, the conditions, duration, rulings, and outcomes of such annotations are analyzed. Later, when a landowner claims compensation for positive damages from a delinquent contractor, the scope of these damages is defined, and theories regarding the methods of remedying the damages are discussed. In this context, depending on whether the exchange or difference theory is selected, the legal status of the registry entry is determined in light of doctrinal views and judicial decisions.

 A development agreement in exchange for a share of the land possesses the characteristic of a hybrid, dual-type contract among unnamed contracts. The legal basis for the annotation of rights derived from this unnamed contract in the land registry was first established in the Turkish Civil Code. The right to claim, being a relative right, can only be asserted against the parties to the contract. With the annotation of the relative right to the land registry, its effect is strengthened and it becomes assertable against third parties who will have rights in the registry, other than the parties to the contract. Therefore, with the annotation of the personal right to the land registry, the creditor who has the right is protected against the disposals to be made by the immovable property owner who has the absolute right. In the context of such a development agreement, the landowner has several elective rights against the contractor who defaults due to the owners negligence. One of these rights includes waiving specific performance in favor of claiming compensation for positive damages. This request of the landowner does not abolish the existing legal relationship, but it changes its content, therefore it is a right that gives rise to modification. When such compensation is claimed, it must be determined whether the landowner can demand the actual constructed units or their monetary value. Additionally, how the claim for compensation of positive damages affects its annotation in the land registry is another significant issue that requires attention. This study primarily focuses on which personal rights arising from the development agreement can be annotated, what interests this annotation protects, and which party benefits from this protection. Subsequently, the conditions, duration, rulings, and outcomes of such annotations are analyzed. Later, when a landowner claims compensation for positive damages from a delinquent contractor, the scope of these damages is defined, and theories regarding the methods of remedying the damages are discussed. In this context, depending on whether the exchange or difference theory is selected, the legal status of the registry entry is determined in light of doctrinal views and judicial decisions.

 Arsa payı karşılığı inşaat sözleşmesi, isimsiz sözleşmeler içerisinde çifte tipli karma bir sözleşme özelliğine sahiptir. Bu isimsiz sözleşmeden doğan hakkın tapu siciline şerh edilebileceğine ilişkin yasal dayanak ilk kez Türk Medeni Kanununda yer almıştır. Alacak hakkı, nispi bir hak niteliğinde olması nedeniyle yalnızca sözleşmenin taraflarına karşı ileri sürülebilir. Nispi hakkın tapu siciline şerhi ile etkisi kuvvetlendirilerek sözleşme tarafları dışında, sicilde hak sahibi olacak üçüncü kişilere karşı ileri sürülebilir duruma gelir. O halde, kişisel hakkın tapu siciline şerhi ile hak sahibi alacaklı, mutlak hak sahibi taşınmaz malikinin yapacağı tasarruf işlemlerine karşı korunmaktadır. Arsa payı karşılığı inşaat sözleşmesinde, arsa sahibinin kusuru ile temerrüde düşen yükleniciye karşı seçimlik hakları bulunmaktadır. Bunlardan biri de aynen ifadan vazgeçerek müspet zararın tazmin edilmesi talebidir. Arsa sahibinin bu talebi mevcut hukuki ilişkiyi ortadan kaldırmaz, ancak içeriğini değiştirir, bu nedenle değiştirici yenilik doğuran bir haktır. Müspet zararın tazmininin talep edilmesi halinde yüklenicinin yaptığı inşaata karşılık olarak bağımsız bölüm mü yoksa bedel mi isteyebileceğinin belirlenmesi gerekmektedir. Buna ilaveten müspet zararın tazmini talebinin tapu sicilindeki şerhi nasıl etkiyeceği de yine üzerinde durulması gereken sorunlardan biridir. Bu çalışmada, öncelikle arsa payı karşılığı inşaat sözleşmesinden doğan hangi kişisel hakkın şerh edilebileceği, şerhin hangi menfaati koruduğu ve bu menfaatin sözleşen taraflardan hangisine ait olduğu üzerinde durulmuş; akabinde şerhin şartları, süresi, hüküm ve sonuçları incelenmiştir. Daha sonra, arsa sahibinin mütemerrit yükleniciden müspet zararın tazminini talep etmesi halinde, müspet zararın kapsamı belirlenerek zararın giderim şekline ilişkin teoriler ele alınmıştır. Bu kapsamda, mübadele ve fark teorilerinden hangisinin seçildiğine göre tapu sicilinde yer alan şerhin hukuki durumu doktrindeki görüşler ve yargı kararları ışığında tespit edilmiştir.

Makale detayları

ANNOTATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT AND LEGAL CONSEQUENCES IN CASES OF WAIVING SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE AND CLAIMING COMPENSATION FOR POSITIVE DAMAGES DUE TO CONTRACTOR’S DEFAULT

Yazarlar:

Murat Doğan | Burak Yakan

Yayıncı:

Akdeniz University

Ana Başlıklar:

Sözleşme Hukuku

Dergi:

Akdeniz Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.14 Issue 2, pp.1299-1344

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

1/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001339004

pISSN:

2147-3854

Development Agreement

Annotation

Default

Positive Damages

CancellationArsa Payı Karşılığı İnşaat Sözleşmesi

Şerh

Temerrüt

Müspet Zarar

Terkin

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Murat Doğan | Burak Yakan

Yayıncı: Akdeniz University

Ana Başlıklar: Sözleşme Hukuku

Dergi: Akdeniz Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.14 Issue 2, pp.1299-1344

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 1/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001339004

pISSN: 2147-3854

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Murat Doğan | Burak Yakan

Yayıncı:

Akdeniz University

Ana Başlıklar:

Sözleşme Hukuku

Dergi:

Akdeniz Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.14 Issue 2, pp.1299-1344

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

1/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001339004

pISSN:

2147-3854